JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 7, 2018

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time and all links to all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.10321

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient regarding screening for atrial fibrillation, the most common type of irregular heartbeat, with electrocardiography (ECG), a noninvasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

Background: The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. This latest statement is a new recommendation on screening for atrial fibrillation with ECG. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with age and it is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke.

The USPSTF Concludes:

Related material

The following related elements from The JAMA Network are also available on the For The Media website:

A podcast regarding the recommendation statement is available for listening and download.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography – US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography – Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

JAMA editorial – Electrocardiographic Monitoring for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation–Associated Cardioembolic Stroke

JAMA Cardiology editorial – Electrocardiography Screening for Atrial Fibrillation

JAMA Internal Medicine editorial – Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Comes With Many Snags

JAMA Patient Page – Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography

To Learn More: The full report is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10321)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 7, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Shari L. Barkin, M.D., M.S.H.S., email Craig Boerner at craig.boerner@vumc.org. To contact corresponding Ian M. Paul, M.D., M.Sc., email Katie Bohn at kej5009@psu.edu. The full studies are available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to theses studies in your story? Links will be live at the embargo time. Here’s the link to the Barkin et al study: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.9128  Here’s the link to the Paul et al study: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.9432

Bottom Line: Two randomized clinical trials on the prevention of obesity in young children had differing results; one trial didn’t change body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories over three years among low-income children at risk for obesity and another trial showed some modest results.

What: In the trial that didn’t change BMI trajectories, researchers compared the effects over three years of a family-based program to build skills and change behaviors to prevent obesity with a school-readiness program in underserved children between the ages of 3 and 5 at risk for obesity but not yet obese. The study included 610 parent-child pairs.

Authors: Shari L. Barkin, M.D., M.S.H.S., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, and coauthors

 Visual Abstract: This is the link to the abstract when the embargo lifts.

What: In a randomized clinical trial that showed some modest positive results, researchers examined the effect on children’s weight after three years of an intervention that helped parents respond to their children’s needs, including feeding, when they were sleepy, fussy, drowsy or alert and compared it with a home safety intervention. The study included 279 mother-child pairs, who began the intervention shortly after birth and the children were followed until age 3 years. The mothers had only given birth to one child.

Authors: Ian M. Paul, M.D., M.Sc., Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, and coauthors

Conclusion: The educational intervention on responsive parenting behaviors resulted in a modest reduction in BMI z scores (which account for child age and sex) for children at age 3 but no significant difference in BMI percentile.

Related material: The editorial, “Preventing Obesity in Children,” by Jody W. Zylke, M.D., Deputy Editor, JAMA, and Howard Bauchner, M.D., Editor in Chief, JAMA, is also available on the For The Media website.

To Learn More: The full studies are available on the For The Media website.

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Alexis R. Santos-Lozada, Ph.D., email Joslyn Neiderer at jms1140@psu.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this study in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.10929

Bottom Line: Due to differences in methods, there have been various estimates of the number of deaths in Puerto Rico from Hurricane Maria, which hit the island on September 20, 2017. The official death toll has remained at 64 since December 2017. The official government death toll includes some deaths in which documentation of “hurricane-related” as the cause of death appears on the individual’s death certificate and does not account for indirect deaths, including from infectious disease outbreaks or lack of services (such as electricity, water, and medical care). Using death counts from vital statistics records, researchers estimate the number of hurricane-related deaths in Puerto Rico through December 2017 was 1,139. The authors note the estimate is conservative.

Authors: Alexis R. Santos-Lozada, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Jeffrey T. Howard, Ph.D., University of Texas at San Antonio

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Related material: In this JAMA Medical News article and podcast, Dr. Myriam Allende-Vigo, an endocrinologist practicing in Puerto Rico, recounts her experiences treating patients during and after last year’s hurricane.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10929)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including author contributions, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 24, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jae-Min Kim, M.D., Ph.D., email jmkim@chonnam.ac.kr. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this study in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.9422

Bottom Line: Depression has been associated with poorer medical outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including heart attack and unstable angina. This randomized clinical trial of 300 patients in South Korea examined whether antidepressant treatment after ACS improved long-term cardiac outcomes. Patients received either the antidepressant escitalopram or placebo for 24 weeks. After about eight years of follow-up, the antidepressant escitalopram resulted in a lower occurrence of major adverse cardiac events than placebo (40.9 percent vs. 53.6 percent).

Authors: Jae-Min Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, and co-authors

Visual Abstract: This is the link to the abstract when the embargo lifts.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.9422)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 24, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Michael S. Saag, M.D., email Savannah Koplon at skoplon@uab.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8431

Bottom Line: A volunteer panel of experts in HIV research and patient care evaluated new data and treatments to update recommendations from the International Antiviral Society–USA for the use of antiretroviral drugs in this special communication article. The updated recommendations encompass initiating therapy, monitoring individuals starting therapy, changing regimens and preventing HIV infection for individuals at risk. Advances in the prevention and treatment of HIV continue to improve clinical management and outcomes for patients with HIV and those at risk. A two-part podcast on the history of AIDS accompanies this article, as well as other related articles listed below.

Authors: Michael S. Saag, M.D., University of Alabama at Birmingham, and coauthors

Related material:

– The first episode of a two-part podcast on the history of AIDS, “Working on the Precipice: On the Frontlines of the AIDS Epidemic at the CDC, Part I,” is available to preview on the For The Media website. The second episode will be live at 11 a.m. ET on August 1.

– A promo of the podcast is available for immediate use. Coming next week (July 24) to the JAMA Clinical Reviews #podcast: JAMA Deputy Editor Ed Livingston embarks on a two-part look at the #CDC clinicians on the frontlines of the emerging #AIDS crisis in the 80s.

– The editorial, “2018 IAS-USA Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV,” by James Riddell IV, M.D., University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, is available on the For The Media website.

– A JAMA article and accompanying podcast, “Anthony Fauci, M.D.: Working to End HIV/AIDS,” are available here and here. A Viewpoint article by Dr. Fauci, “An HIV Vaccine Is Essential for Ending the HIV/AIDS Pandemic,” is available here.

To Learn More: The full report is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8431)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 17, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joseph S. Ross, M.D., M.H.S., email Ziba Kashef at ziba.kashef@yale.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7619

Bottom Line: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the Breakthrough Therapy designation in 2012 to expedite the development and review of drugs and biologics intended to treat serious or life-threatening conditions when preliminary clinical evidence suggested better improvement over existing therapies. This study reviewed the 46 therapeutics with Breakthrough Therapy designation approved by the FDA from 2012 through 2017. Results suggest trials supporting those drugs granted that designation commonly enrolled small numbers of patients and lacked randomization and control groups.

Authors: Joseph S. Ross, M.D., M.H.S., Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7619)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 17, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., email Gary Polakovic at polakovi@usc.edu or call 213-740-9226. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8931

Translation available: A translation in simplified Chinese is available below.

本篇新闻发布稿件备有翻译版本：以下内容为中文简体翻译版本

Bottom Line: Frequent use of digital media may be associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescence but more research is needed to know if the association is causal.

Why The Research Is Interesting: Digital media, including texting, video chatting and social media sites, are accessible, constantly available on mobile devices and intensely stimulating. But whether frequent use of this modern digital media is associated with the occurrence of ADHD symptoms in adolescence is unknown.

Who and When: 2,587 Los Angeles County high school students without symptoms of ADHD at study entry who were surveyed five times from September 2014 to December 2016.

What (Study Measures and Outcomes): Self-reported use of 14 different digital media activities, such as checking social media sites and texting (exposures); self-rated frequency of 18 ADHD symptoms in the six months preceding the survey (outcomes).

How (Study Design): This was an observational study. Researchers were not intervening for purposes of the study and cannot control all the natural differences that could explain the study findings.

Authors: Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, and coauthors

Results: Frequently using multiple forms of digital media was associated with a higher likelihood of ADHD symptoms occurring over a 24-month period during adolescence.

Study Limitations: A self-rating survey for ADHD symptoms is insufficient to determine an ADHD diagnosis; there also is the possibility of reverse causation (ADHD is associated with sensation seeking which could prompt digital media use to satisfy a need for stimulation); and undetected baseline ADHD symptoms cannot be ruled out.

Study Conclusions:

Related material: The editorial, “Digital Media and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents,” by Jenny Radesky, M.D., University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, is also available on the For The Media website.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8931)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Translation in Simplified Chinese

中文简体翻译版本

禁止提前报道指令解除时间：2018年7月17日，星期二，美国东部时间上午11点

媒体咨询：联系通讯作者Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D.，请发电子邮件到Gary Polakovic polakovi@usc.edu。

青少年频繁使用数字媒体与注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)的症状有关联吗？

概要: 根据《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)发表的一项研究，频繁使用数字媒体可能与青春期注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）症状的发展有关，但需要更多的研究来了解这种关联是否是因果关系。

为何对该问题感兴趣：数字媒体，包括短信，视频聊天和社交媒体网站等，都可以通过移动设备随时访问，并且非常刺激。 但是目前还不知道经常使用这些现代数字媒体与青春期ADHD症状的发生是否有关。

研究参与者及时间： 2587名在研究开始时没有ADHD症状的洛杉矶县高中生, 其在2014年9月至2016年12月期间接受了五次研究调查。

研究内容（研究手段及结果）：自我报告的14种不同数字媒体活动的使用情况，例如查看社交媒体网站和发短信等（暴露）; 自我评定的调查前六个月内18种ADHD症状频率（结果）。

如何研究(研究设计)：这是一项观察性研究。 研究人员不会为研究目而进行干预，也无法控制可以解释研究结果的所有自然差异。

作者：Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., 南加州大学凯克医学院，洛杉矶, 以及共同作者

研究结果：频繁使用多种形式的数字媒体与在青春期时期的24个月内出现ADHD症状的可能性升高有关联。

研究局限：针对ADHD症状的自我评估不足以确定ADHD诊断; 还存在反向因果关系的可能性（ADHD与寻求感觉刺激有关，而这可能促使更多的使用数字媒体来满足刺激需求）; 并且不能排除未检测到的基线ADHD症状。

研究结论：

结论及意义 在接受2年随访的青春期青少年中, 频繁使用数字媒体与其后的ADHD症状表现出有统计意义的中等关联度。但还需要进一步的研究以确定该关联是否是因果关系。

欲了解更多信息：在下面网站可以获得该研究的全文，For The Media：https://media.jamanetwork.com/。

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 10, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Steven R. Steinhubl, M.D., email press@scripps.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8102

Bottom Line: For approximately 20 percent of individuals who experience a stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF; an irregular and often rapid heart rate), the occurrence of AF was not diagnosed until the time of their stroke or shortly afterward. Improved AF diagnosis and treatment could reduce the risk of stroke. In a randomized trial that included about 2,600 participants at increased risk of AF, immediate monitoring with a home-based, self-applied wearable ECG sensor patch resulted in a higher rate of AF diagnosis after four months compared with delayed monitoring (3.9 percent vs 0.9 percent). In an observational study, monitored individuals had higher rates of AF diagnosis, greater initiation of blood thinners, but also increased health care resource use at one year compared with non-monitored controls. Further research is needed regarding the clinical implications of these findings.

Authors: Steven R. Steinhubl, M.D., Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Related material available on the For The Media website:

A summary video is available for download or to embed on your website. Download the video as a high-quality MP4 file by clicking on this link and then right-clicking and selecting “save video as.” In addition, you may copy and paste the html code below to embed the video on your website.

The editorials: “Evaluating Health Technology Through Pragmatic Trials,” by Eric D. Peterson, M.D., M.P.H., of Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Robert A. Harrington, M.D., Stanford University, Stanford, California; and “Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With a Wearable Device,” by Benjamin A. Steinberg, M.D., M.H.S., University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, and Jonathan P. Piccini, M.D., M.H.S., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8102)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Video embed code:

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JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 10, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jacques Baillargeon, Ph.D., email Donna Ramirez at donna.ramirez@utmb.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7999

Bottom Line: Testosterone use in the United States tripled from 2001 through 2011, mostly in men without a clear indication. In late 2013 and early 2014, two studies reported increased heart attack and stroke associated with testosterone use, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety bulletin in early 2014. An examination of testosterone prescribing in the U.S. from 2002- 2016 found that the percentage of men receiving testosterone prescriptions decreased from 2013 through 2016, with the steepest decrease coinciding with the published reports of testosterone-associated adverse cardiovascular events and the FDA safety bulletin.

Authors: Jacques Baillargeon, Ph.D., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7999)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 10, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Dawn L. Hershman, M.D., M.S., email Alexandra Simpson at ajs9044@nyp.org. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8907

Bottom Line: Treatment for breast cancer with aromatase inhibitors often results in joint pain, which can contribute to treatment nonadherence. Several small studies have suggested that acupuncture may decrease aromatase inhibitor-related joint pain. In a randomized trial that included 226 postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer who were taking an aromatase inhibitor and experiencing joint pain, women who received acupuncture twice a week for six weeks had a greater reduction in pain compared with sham acupuncture (received acupuncture at non-acupuncture points) or those who did not receive any acupuncture. The observed improvement was of uncertain clinical importance.

Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, M.D., M.S., of NewYork-Presbyterian and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8907)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 10, 2018

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to these reports in your story? Links will be live at the embargo time and all links to all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely. Here’s the link to the recommendation statement on screening for PAD and CVD risk assessment with the ABI: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8357  Here’s the link to the recommendation statement on risk assessment for CVD with nontraditional risk factors: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8359

Bottom Line: In two new statements, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes current evidence is insufficient to make recommendations assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with certain nontraditional risk factors and screening for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and CVD risk with the ankle-brachial index (ABI).

What: In the first statement, evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding screening for PAD and CVD risk with the ABI in asymptomatic adults.

What: In the second statement, evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding adding the nontraditional risk factors of the ABI, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score to traditional risk assessments for CVD in asymptomatic adults to prevent CVD events.

Related material

The following related elements from The JAMA Network are also available on the For The Media website:

— A podcast interview with Michael J. Barry, M.D., a member of the USPSTF and co-author of the recommendation statements.

— Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index – US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

— Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease Using the Ankle-Brachial Index – Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

— Ankle-Brachial Index Screening and Improving Peripheral Artery Disease Detection and Outcomes – JAMA editorial

— Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease With Ankle-Brachial Index – JAMA Patient Page

— Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors – US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

— Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment – Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

— USPSTF Recommendations for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk With Nontraditional Risk Factors – JAMA editorial

— Viewing the Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Testing From Different Perspectives – JAMA Cardiology editorial

Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 3, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jeptha P. Curtis, M.D., email Ziba Kashef at ziba.kashef@yale.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8151

Bottom Line: A U.S. Department of Justice investigation into the placement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in Medicare patients who didn’t qualify for them based upon Medicare coverage criteria was associated with significant decreases in the use of the devices that shock the heart to restore normal rhythm and in the proportion of devices not meeting these established criteria.

Why The Research Is Interesting: The Department of Justice (DOJ) announced in 2010 it was investigating hospitals under the False Claims Act for overusing ICDs in patients who didn’t meet criteria for Medicare reimbursement. The DOJ concluded its investigation in 2016 and reached settlements with more than 500 hospitals for more than $280 million. 

Who and When: 300,151 ICDs implanted to prevent arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in Medicare beneficiaries from 2007-2015 at 1,809 U.S. hospitals, of which 452 hospitals subsequently reached settlements with the DOJ. 

What (Study Measures and Outcomes): DOJ investigation announcement in 2010 (exposure); proportion of ICDs not meeting Medicare coverage criteria (outcomes). 

How (Study Design): This was an observational study. Researchers were not intervening for purposes of the study and cannot control for all the natural differences that could explain the study results. 

Authors: Jeptha P. Curtis, M.D., Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and coauthors 

Results: The volume of ICDs and the proportion of devices not meeting Medicare coverage criteria decreased overall, and larger decreases were observed at hospitals that reached settlements with the DOJ.  

Study Limitations: Analysis may not reflect all cases among non-Medicare beneficiaries and no public listing identifies all hospitals investigated by the DOJ.  

Study Conclusions: The DOJ investigation was associated with significant declines in ICDs placed outside the National Coverage Determination at all hospitals, including patient populations that were not the focus of the investigation. The potential unintended consequences of the DOJ investigation warrant further study.

Related material: The editorial, “US Department of Justice Investigations of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Quality Improvement in Health Care,” by Paul A. Heidenreich, M.D., M.S., Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, is also available on the For The Media website.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8151)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 3, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Gina Suzanne Ogilvie, M.D., F.C.F.P., Dr.P.H., email Kevin Sauve of BC Cancer at kevin.sauve@bccancer.bc.ca or call 604-877-6436. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7464

Bottom Line:  Nearly all cervical cancers are associated with persistent cervical infection from cancer-related human papillomavirus (HPV) strains. Testing for HPV alone, or combined with a Pap smear (cytology) for cervical screening, has been associated with increased detection of precancerous lesions compared with Pap smears alone. Some organizations have recommended primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening, while others have called for clinical trials of primary HPV testing alone. This study reports the results of a large randomized clinical trial of about 19,000 women that compared primary HPV testing alone versus Pap test for cervical screening. The study demonstrates that primary HPV testing of women detects precancerous lesions earlier, and more accurately than the Pap test. Furthermore, women who were HPV negative were less likely than women screened by Pap tests to have cervical pre-cancer after four years. More research is needed to understand the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of HPV testing.

Authors: Gina Suzanne Ogilvie, M.D., F.C.F.P., Dr.P.H., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, and coauthors

Visual Abstract: JAMA is introducing this new feature initially focused on randomized clinical trials. A predictive link to the abstract that will work when the embargo lifts is here.

Related material: The editorial, “Replacing the Pap Test With Screening Based on Human Papillomavirus Assays,” by L. Stewart Massad, M.D., Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, is also available on the For The Media website.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7464)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

An author podcast accompanies the JAMA study, “Association of Initiation of Basal Insulin Analogs vs Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin With Hypoglycemia-Related Emergency Department Visits or Hospital Admissions and With Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes,” by Kasia J. Lipska, M.D., M.H.S., Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., and coauthors, and is available for listening and download on this page.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 2018

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time and all links to all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7498

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in women 65 years and older and in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years at increased risk of osteoporosis.

Background: The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. This latest statement is an update of its 2011 recommendation on screening for osteoporosis. By 2020, approximately 12 million individuals in the U.S. older than 50 years are expected to have osteoporosis. Osteoporotic fractures are associated with chronic pain, disability and decreased quality of life.

The USPSTF Concludes:

Related material

The following related elements from The JAMA Network are also available on the For The Media website:

— A podcast interview with Chien-Wen Tseng, M.D., M.P.H., M.S.E.E., a member of the USPSTF and co-author of the recommendation statement.

— Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures – US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

— Screening to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures – Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

— JAMA editorial: Screening for Osteoporosis

— JAMA Internal Medicine editorial: Osteoporosis Screening—2 Steps May Be Too Much for Women Younger Than 65 Years

— JAMA Patient Page: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures

To Learn More: The full report is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7498)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Anny H. Xiang, Ph.D., email Elita Fielder at Elita.T.Fielder@kp.org. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7614

Translation available: A translation in simplified Chinese is available below.

本篇新闻发布稿件备有翻译版本：以下内容为中文简体翻译版本

Bottom Line: The risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was increased in children of mothers with the three main types of diabetes that complicate pregnancy, findings that add new information on type 1 diabetes and extend what is already known about type 2 and gestational diabetes.

Why The Research Is Interesting: Maternal preexisting type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by 26 weeks have been associated with increased risk of ASD in children in prior research. Less is known about ASD risk associated with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Who and When: 419,425 children born at 28 to 44 weeks from 1995-2012.

What (Study Measures and Outcomes): Maternal T1D, T2D and GDM (exposures); diagnosis in children of ASD, which includes autistic disorders, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (outcomes)

How (Study Design): This was an observational study. Researchers were not intervening for purposes of the study and cannot control all the natural differences that could explain the study findings.

Authors: Anny H. Xiang, Ph.D., Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, and coauthors

Results: Risk of ASD was higher in children exposed in utero to maternal preexisting T1D, T2D and gestational diabetes diagnosed by 26 weeks compared with no maternal diabetes exposure.

Study Limitations: Risk factors of the father, along with other intrauterine and postnatal exposures, couldn’t be assessed.

Study Conclusions: Results suggest the severity of maternal diabetes and the timing of exposure (early vs late in pregnancy) may be associated with the risk of ASD in children of mothers with diabetes.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7614)

Editor’s Note: This study is being presented at the American Diabetes Association’s 78th Scientific Sessions. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Translation in Simplified Chinese

中文简体翻译版本

禁止提前报道指令解除时间：2018年6月23日，星期六，美国东部时间上午8点

媒体咨询：联系通讯作者Anny H. Xiang, Ph.D.，请发电子邮件到Elita Fielder Elita.T.Fielder@kp.org。

母亲患糖尿病会使儿童患自闭症的风险增加

概要: 根据《美国医学会杂志 》(JAMA)发表的一项研究，母亲在怀孕期间患有三种主要类型的糖尿病会导致儿童患自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的风险增加，这些发现增加了关于1型糖尿病的新信息并扩展了已知的对于2型和妊娠糖尿病的认识。

为何对该问题感兴趣：在之前的研究中发现，到怀孕26周时诊断出的母亲预先存在的2型糖尿病（T2D）和妊娠糖尿病（GDM）与儿童ASD风险增加有关联， 而与母亲先前存在的1型糖尿病（T1D）有关的ASD风险则知之甚少。

研究参与者及时间：从1995年至2012年，28至44周出生419,425名儿童。

研究内容（研究手段及结果）：母亲T1D，T2D和GDM（暴露）; 儿童的ASD诊断，包括自闭症，阿斯伯格综合征和其它非指定的广泛性发育障碍（结果）

如何研究（研究设计）：这是一项观察性研究。 研究人员不会为研究目而进行干预，也无法控制可以解释研究结果的所有自然差异。

作者：Anny H. Xiang, Ph.D., 南加州凯萨医疗机构（Kaiser Permanente Southern California），帕萨迪纳，加利福尼亚州，以及共同作者。

研究结果：与非糖尿病孕妇的暴露因素相比，26周时诊断出孕妇患有预先存在的T1D，T2D和妊娠期糖尿病的暴露因素使子宫内的胎儿将来患有ASD的风险升高。

研究局限：父亲的风险因素以及其它宫内和产后暴露因素未被评估。

研究结论：该研究结果表明，母亲糖尿病的严重程度和暴露时间（妊娠早期与妊娠晚期）可能与患糖尿病母亲的儿童的ASD风险有关联。

欲了解更多信息：在下面网站可以获得该研究的全文，For The Media：https://media.jamanetwork.com/。

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Cyprian Wejnert, Ph.D., email CDC’s National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention Media Relations at NCHHSTPmediaTeam@cdc.gov. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7611

Bottom Line: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends at least annual testing for people at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs. A new study from the CDC estimates substantial numbers of people infected with HIV, but unaware of their infection, weren’t offered HIV testing by clinicians they’ve recently seen.

Authors: Cyprian Wejnert, Ph.D., U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7611)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sarah M. Roberts, Dr.P.H., email Jason Harless at Harless.Jason@ucsf.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7675

Bottom Line: Performing an abortion in an ambulatory surgery center instead of in an office-based setting was not associated with a significant difference in abortion-related complications such as infection and hemorrhage.

Why The Research Is Interesting: Multiple states have laws requiring abortion facilities to meet ambulatory surgery center (ASC) standards. More than 95 percent of abortions are provided in non-hospital-based settings in abortion clinics, other clinics or physician offices. Limited evidence exists about abortion-related complications after an abortion at performed at an ASC compared with an office-based setting.

Who and When: 49,287 women with private health insurance who had 50,311 abortions in an ASC or in an office-based setting from 2011 to 2014

What (Study Measures and Outcomes): Facility type where the abortion was performed (ASC vs office-based setting, which included abortion clinics, other clinics and physician offices) (exposures); any abortion-related complication (such as perforation of the uterus, infection, hemorrhage, tissue that remains in the uterus) within six weeks after an abortion (outcomes).

How (Study Design): This was an observational study. Researchers were not intervening for purposes of the study and cannot control all the natural differences that could explain the study findings.

Authors: Sarah M. Roberts, Dr.P.H., University of California, San Francisco, and coauthors

Results:

Study Limitations: Only included abortions paid for by private insurance so the findings may not be generalizable to all abortions in the United States

Study Conclusions:

Related material: The editorial, “Abortion-Related Adverse Events by Facility Type,” by Carolyn L. Westhoff, M.D., M.S., and Anne R. Davis, M.D., M.P.H., Columbia University Medical Center, New York, is also available on the For The Media website.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7675)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8:15 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 25, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joan M. Teno, M.D., M.S., email Franny White at whitef@ohsu.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8981

Bottom Line: Where are Medicare patients most likely to die? A new study found that from 2000 to 2015 there was a decline in deaths in an acute-care hospital and an increase in deaths in a home or other community setting such as an assisted-living facility. In addition, since 2009 there was a reduction in patients dying within three days of a transition in health care; ICU use in the last month of life has stabilized.

Authors: Joan M. Teno, M.D., M.S., Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8981)

Editor’s Note: This study is being presented at AcademyHealth’s Annual Research Meeting. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Elizabeth L. Tung, M.D., M.S., email Matthew Wood at Matthew.Wood@uchospitals.edu. The full article is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this article in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.6798

Bottom Line: A JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis article examines the American College of Physicians’ (ACP’s) 2018 guidance statement on HbA_1c goals in nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes, including the possible effect of a recommended HbA_1c level between 7 percent and 8 percent for most patients with type 2 diabetes, a range that is higher than other guidelines.

Authors: Elizabeth L. Tung, M.D., M.S., University of Chicago, and coauthors

To Learn More: The full article is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6798)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Related material

The following related elements from The JAMA Network are also available on the For The Media website:

— A summary video, “Hemoglobin A_1c Targets in Type 2 Diabetes,” is available for download or to embed on your website. Download the video as a high-quality MP4 file by clicking on this link and then right-clicking and selecting “save video as.” In addition, you may copy and paste the html code below to embed the video on your website.

— A podcast, “A Goal Too Far: Rethinking HbA_1c Targets for Diabetes Treatment,”  is available for listening and download on this page.

— In JAMA’s From The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics section, the article “Ertugliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes.”

— The JAMA Medical News & Perspectives article, “For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, What’s the Best Target Hemoglobin A_1C?”

Video embed code:

<div style="display: block; position: relative; max-width: 300px;"><div style="padding-top: 50%;"><iframe src="//players.brightcove.net/864352215001/default_default/index.html?videoId=5794299530001" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen style="width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;"></iframe></div></div>

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Huan Song, M.D., Ph.D., email huan.song@ki.se. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7028

Bottom Line: Stress-related disorders brought on by traumatic or stressful life events were associated with increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease.

Why The Research Is Interesting: Development of stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may influence multiple bodily systems, including immune function. Whether this contributes to risk for autoimmune disease remains unclear.

Who and When: 106,464 patients in Sweden diagnosed with stress-related disorders between 1981-2013 and compared with 126,652 of their siblings and nearly 1.1 million individuals without stress-related disorders.

What (Study Measures and Outcomes): Diagnosis of stress-related disorders, such as PTSD, acute stress reaction, adjustment disorder and other stress reactions (exposures); development of 41 autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn disease and celiac disease (outcomes)

How (Study Design): This was an observational study. Researchers were not intervening for purposes of the study and cannot control all the natural differences that could explain the study findings.

Authors: Huan Song, M.D., Ph.D., University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and coauthors

Results: A stress-related disorder was associated with an increased risk of a subsequent autoimmune disease compared with siblings and other individuals without stress-related disorders.

Study Limitations: Diagnoses from primary care aren’t included in a Swedish patient register, which could result in fewer stress-related disorders and autoimmune diseases being detected, particularly when the conditions are less severe.

Study Conclusions: More studies are needed to understand possible reasons behind the association of stress-related disorders and the development of autoimmune diseases.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7028)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding authors Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D., email paoquery@cdc.gov. The full studies are available on the For The Media website.

Bottom Line: Two studies used national survey data to examine differences in rates of obesity and severe obesity among children, teens and adults based on demographic factors (including sex, age, race, education) and whether people lived in urban or rural areas of the United States. The studies by researchers at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Public Health Service analyzed measured weight and height for participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the U.S population.

What: An analysis of data for 6,863 children and teens (ages 2 to 19) suggests rates of severe obesity were higher in rural areas than large urban areas. Rates of obesity showed similar patterns, but weren’t statistically significant. Higher rates of obesity and severe obesity were associated with older age and a lower level of head-of-household education, and more common among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth compared with non-Hispanic white youth.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5158)

Analysis of data for 10,792 adults (20 and older) suggests rates of severe obesity (defined as a body mass index [BMI] at or above 40) were higher in rural areas than large urban areas, and rates for obesity (defined as BMI at or above 30) showed similar patterns.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7270)

Authors: Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D., U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, and coauthors

Want to embed a link to these studies in your story? Links will be live at the embargo time. Here’s the link to the study including children and teens: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.5158  Here’s the link to the study including adults: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.7270

To Learn More: The full studies are available on the For The Media website.

Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., email Rebecca Baker at rebecca.baker@nih.gov. The full article is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this article in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.8826

Bottom Line: In the JAMA Viewpoint, “Helping to End Addiction Over the Long-Term: The Research Plan for the NIH HEAL Initiative,” National Institutes of Health Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., and coauthors discuss an interdisciplinary program aimed at advancing addiction and pain research in the United States to improve treatments for opioid misuse and addiction and to enhance pain management.

To Learn More: The full article is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.8826)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 2018

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Dima Mazen Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., email Jacqueline Carey at jmcarey@uic.edu. The full study is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.6741

Bottom Line: More than one-third of U.S. adults may use prescription medications that have depression as a possible side effect.

Why The Research Is Interesting: Prescription medications are widely used among adults and many prescriptions, such as hormonal contraceptives and beta-blockers, are associated with increased risk of depression.

Who and When: 26,192 adults who participated in a nationally representative survey between 2005-2014

What (Study Measures): Prescription medications with depression as a possible side effect (exposure); use of medications with potential to cause depression and depression (outcomes)

How (Study Design): This was a population-based survey study.

Authors: Dima Mazen Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, and coauthors

Results: An estimated 37 percent of adults used prescription medications that had depression as a potential side effect; the use of multiple medications with depression as a possible side effect was associated with a greater likelihood of depression.

Study Limitations: Cause-and-effect inferences cannot be made about the use of prescription medications and depressive symptoms; the survey cannot account for a history of depression

Study Conclusions: Physicians should consider discussing associations between prescription medications and the likelihood of depression with patients who are prescribed medications with depression as a possible side effect.

To Learn More: The full study is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6741)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 2018

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report is available on the For The Media website.

Want to embed a link to this report in your story? Link will be live at the embargo time and all links to all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2018.6848

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against adding screening with electrocardiography (ECG) to standard risk assessment to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adults without symptoms at low risk.

Background: The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. This latest statement is an update of the 2012 recommendation on screening for coronary heart disease with ECG. Cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease, is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States.

The USPSTF Concludes:

Related material

The following related elements from The JAMA Network are also available on the For The Media website:

— A podcast interview with Seth Landefeld, M.D., a member of the USPSTF and co-author of the recommendation statement.

— Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography – US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

— Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Resting or Exercise Electrocardiography – Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

— JAMA editorial: The Screening ECG and Cardiac Risks

— JAMA Internal Medicine editorial: Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography

— JAMA Cardiology editorial: Does Resting or Exercise Electrocardiography Assist Clinicians in Preventing Cardiovascular Events in Asymptomatic Adults?

— JAMA Patient Page: Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With ECG

To Learn More: The full report is available on the For The Media website.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3710)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.