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Dedicated AI Expert System vs Generative AI With Large Language Model for Clinical Diagnoses
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Vaping Cessation Methods Used by Young Adults
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Acupuncture for Nocturia in Survivors of Prostate Cancer
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 29, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.1199?guestAccessKey=76314b83-8573-4cfc-b733-28ac49d80ea1&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052925
About The Study: In this pilot trial, acupuncture produced greater reductions in nocturia (waking up 1 or more times to urinate) relative to usual care in survivors of prostate cancer. The nocturia reduction was comparable to other treatments, such as desmopressin, α-blockers, and antimuscarinic medications; however, acupuncture was associated with fewer adverse events. Nocturia affects more than half of survivors of prostate cancer.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kevin T. Liou, MD, email liouk@mskcc.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.1199)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Public Awareness of the Association Between Alcohol and Cancer in the US
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 29, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.1146?guestAccessKey=c798891c-b9a2-40de-9fea-0eae38926081&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052925
About The Study: The findings of this study that fewer than half of U.S. adults are aware and about one-fifth are unsure of their awareness of the association between alcohol and cancer emphasize the need to implement the recently updated Surgeon General’s recommendation to reduce the alcohol-related cancer burden in the U.S.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sanjay Shete, PhD, email sshete@mdanderson.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.1146)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Test-Negative Design for COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness From Randomized Trial Data
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Medical School Ranking and Neighborhood Characteristics of Initial Practice Location
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Familiarity of the Surgeon-Anesthesiologist Dyad and Major Morbidity After High-Risk Elective Surgery
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Childhood Maternal Warmth, Social Safety Schemas, and Adolescent Mental and Physical Health
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Early-Life Low Lead Levels and Academic Achievement in Childhood and Adolescence
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study assessing early life low lead level and children’s and adolescents’ academic achievement, a 1-unit increase in lead levels in the range currently considered low for further interventions was associated with worse academic performance throughout school grades comparable to that for lead levels in the range recommended for additional interventions. These findings support the need to reconsider and potentially lower current blood lead reference values for recommending further interventions.
Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, George L. Wehby, M.P.H., Ph.D., email george-wehby@uiowa.edu.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.12796)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Add-On Treatment With Zilebesiran for Inadequately Controlled Hypertension
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Risk of Parkinson Disease in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Trends and Disparities in Maternal Self-Reported Mental and Physical Health
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Adverse Social Exposome During the Life Course and Vascular Brain Injury
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Asian American Female Residents’ Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Leadership in Medicine
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Review and Publication Times and Reporting Across Journals on Health Policy
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Characterizing Long COVID Symptoms During Early Childhood
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 27, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and Patient Page are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This cohort study identified symptom patterns and derived research indices that were distinct between the 2 age groups (infants/toddlers [0-2 years] vs preschool-aged children [3-5 years]) and differed from those previously identified in older ages, demonstrating the need to characterize long COVID separately across age ranges.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rachel S. Gross, MD, MS, email rachel.gross@nyulangone.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.1066)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Patient-Delivered Continuous Care for Weight Loss Maintenance
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 27, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this trial, patient-delivered lifestyle intervention (mentor interventionists plus peer support) yielded significantly better weight loss maintenance and cardiovascular risk outcomes compared with standard-of-care treatment delivered by professionals. Future research may examine the effectiveness of this novel treatment approach in community and clinical settings.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tricia M. Leahey, PhD, email tricia.leahey@uconn.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1345)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Weight Loss in Midlife, Chronic Disease Incidence, and All-Cause Mortality During Extended Follow-Up
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 27, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, conducted when surgical and pharmacological weight-loss interventions were nearly nonexistent, sustained midlife weight loss compared with persistent overweight was associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases beyond type 2 diabetes and decreased all-cause mortality.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Timo E. Strandberg, MD, PhD, email timo.strandberg@helsinki.fi.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11825)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Mediators of the Association Between Child Education and Adult Health
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Large Language Models and Text Embeddings for Detecting Depression and Suicide in Patient Narratives
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Priority Health Conditions and Global Life Expectancy Disparities
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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4:30 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 23, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the European Stroke Organisation Conference 2025.
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About The Study: Although the global age-standardized burden rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH. Nontraumatic SAH represents the third most common stroke type after ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, accounting for 5% to 10% of all strokes.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ilari Rautalin, MD, PhD, email ilari.rautalin@aut.ac.nz.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Excess US Deaths Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 23, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: Between 1980 and 2023, the total number of excess U.S. deaths reached an estimated 14.7 million. Although excess deaths per year peaked in 2021, there were still more than 1.5 million during 2022 to 2023. In 2023, excess death rates remained substantially higher than pre-pandemic rates. The rising trend from 1980 to 2019 appears to have continued during and after the pandemic, likely reflecting pre-pandemic causes of death, including drug overdose, firearm injury, and cardiometabolic disease. These deaths highlight the continued consequences of U.S. health system inadequacies, economic inequality, and social and political determinants of health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jacob Bor, SD, email jbor@bu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.1118)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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US State Policies and Mental Health Symptoms Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults
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Long-Term Follow-Up of Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery for Symptomatic Cerebral Artery Occlusion
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Tomosynthesis vs Digital Mammography Screening in Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer
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Breast Cancer Outcomes in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients in the National Cancer Database
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Neighborhood Vulnerability and Age of Natural Menopause and Menopausal Symptoms Among Midlife Women
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Medical School Faculty Diversity and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education’s Diversity Standards
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Early-Life Factors and BMI Trajectories Among Children in the ECHO Cohort
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 22, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of children in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, analyses identified children on the path to obesity as early as age 3.5 years. Modifiable factors could be targeted for early prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing childhood obesity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Chang Liu, PhD, email c.liu@wsu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11835)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Cardiac Events in Adults Hospitalized for RSV vs COVID-19 or Influenza
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 22, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, 1 in 10 patients hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) had a concurrent acute cardiovascular event. Odds of cardiac events were significantly higher in RSV vs COVID-19 hospitalizations in both vaccine-boosted and unboosted individuals. In contemporaneous hospitalizations for RSV or influenza after the pandemic (2023-2024), odds of heart failure were significantly higher in RSV hospitalizations vs vaccine-breakthrough influenza hospitalizations. These findings suggest that patients with preexisting cardiovascular risk should consider vaccination against respiratory viral infections.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Liang En Wee, MPH, email ian.wee.l.e@singhealth.com.sg.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11764)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Clinical Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs Robotic-Assisted Cholecystectomy in Acute Care Surgery
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Loss of PTSD Diagnosis in Response to Evidence-Based Treatments
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Private Equity Among US Psychiatric Hospitals
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Cannabis April 20th Celebration and Related Emergency Department Visits
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Burden of Skin Cancer in Older Adults From 1990 to 2021 and Modelled Projection to 2050
JAMA Dermatology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The older population (particularly male individuals and those living in high-sociodemographic index countries) is facing a substantial growing burden of skin cancer. Despite the relative incompleteness of keratinocyte cancer data and lack of race and ethnicity data, these results highlight the urgency for more effective prevention and management strategies targeting high-risk groups.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jin Chen, PhD, email chenjin7791@163.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.1276)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Nutritional Content of Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereals Marketed to Children
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Analysis of newly launched children’s ready-to-eat cereals from 2010 to 2023 revealed concerning nutritional shifts: notable increases in fat, sodium, and sugar alongside decreases in protein and fiber. Children’s cereals contain high levels of added sugar, with a single serving exceeding 45% of the American Heart Association’s daily recommended limit for children. These trends suggest a potential prioritization of taste over nutritional quality in product development, contributing to childhood obesity and long-term cardiovascular health risks.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Shuoli Zhao, PhD, (szhao@uky.edu) and Qingxiao Li, PhD, (qli@agcenter.lsu.edu).
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11699)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of more than 11,000 children and adolescents, reporting higher than person-level mean social media use in years 1 and 2 after baseline was associated with greater depressive symptoms in the subsequent year. The findings suggest that clinicians should provide anticipatory guidance regarding social media use for young adolescents and their parents.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jason M. Nagata, MD, email Jason.nagata@ucsf.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11704)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Geographic and Sociodemographic Factors and Receipt of Metabolic Disease Specialty Care
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Postdischarge Alcohol Cessation and Psychiatric Referrals in Alcoholic Liver Disease
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Exposure Therapy in Mixed Reality for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Substance Use Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Among Youth-Serving Clinicians
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 20, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that while most clinicians report screening youths for substance use disorders at least sometimes, a substantial proportion screened only intermittently. Efforts to improve screening rates through education and systems-based practice changes may facilitate offering anticipatory guidance and substance use disorder treatment in all youth-serving clinical settings.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kathleen Ragan-Burnett, MSPH, email xwy3@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11579)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among US Adults
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 21, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study identified a promising trend of declining sedentary behavior among U.S. adults between 2013 and March 2020, but this decline was hampered in 2021-2023. Sedentary lifestyle was widely exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this study highlights the enduring impact that this global pandemic may have on daily living patterns.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Wei Bao, MD, PhD, email wbao@ustc.edu.cn.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7220)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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A Multidimensional Diagnostic Approach for COPD
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 P.M. ET, SUNDAY, MAY 18, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Thoracic Society International Conference.
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About The Study: A new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnostic schema integrating respiratory symptoms, respiratory quality of life, spirometry, and structural lung abnormalities on computed tomographic imaging newly classified some individuals as having COPD. These individuals had an increased risk of all-cause and respiratory-related death, frequent exacerbations, and rapid lung function decline compared with individuals classified as not having COPD. Some individuals with airflow obstruction without respiratory symptoms or evidence of structural lung disease were no longer classified as having COPD.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Surya P. Bhatt, MD, MSPH, email sbhatt@uabmc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7358)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Long-Acting HIV Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Evaluation of the Revised Criteria for Biological and Clinical Staging of Alzheimer Disease
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Chronic Kidney Disease or Hypertension After Childhood Cancer
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Long-Term Health Improvements and Economic Performance Among Individuals With Diabetes
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Clinical Validation of At-Home Self-Collection for Cervical Cancer Screening
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mother’s Milk Provision Among Mothers of Preterm Infants
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Mental Health Trajectories Among US Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 19, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, survivors of adolescence and young adulthood cancer reported significantly worse mental health trajectories into middle or older adulthood, compared with individuals who experienced cancer as adults or never had it. Cancer clinicians should recognize the mental health burden for this population into middle age and older adulthood.
Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Anao Zhang, Ph.D., email zhangan@med.umich.edu.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11430)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Medical School Support of Students’ Professional and Personal Development by Sociodemographic Characteristics
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Antibiotic Treatment in Patients Hospitalized for Nonsevere COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 19, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this large cohort study of patients hospitalized with nonsevere COVID-19, there was no clinically meaningful difference in outcomes with early antibiotic treatment. Given the risks associated with unnecessary antibiotic treatment, these results argue against routine antibiotic use in this population.
Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Michael S. Pulia, M.D., Ph.D., email mspulia@medicine.wisc.edu.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11499)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Race, Ethnicity, Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Discrimination in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
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Gender Differences in Primary Care Physician Earnings and Outcomes Under Medicare Advantage Value-Based Payment
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 16, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2025 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.2001?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051625
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this cohort study, women primary care physicians in value-based payment models had equal or better quality outcomes and higher value-based earnings compared to men in their practice groups. These results substantiate prior evidence that women physicians perform better on process and outcome measures, yet receive incommensurate patient ratings. The reversal of the gender gap under value-based payment is likely due to fewer emergency department visits and hospitalizations among women primary care physicians’ patients and may in turn reflect better alignment of value-based models to practice patterns more common in women (e.g., more face-to-face time per visit).
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ishani Ganguli, MD, MPH, email iganguli@bwh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.2001)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in Home Health Care Among Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries With or Without Dementia
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 16, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that home health use is high and has increased among people with dementia. Decreasing rates of home health use since 2020 in this high-need population suggest a need for ongoing monitoring of service use and outcomes for people with dementia.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rachel M. Werner, MD, PhD, email rwerner@upenn.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.10933
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Dietary Carbohydrate Intake, Carbohydrate Quality, and Healthy Aging in Women
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 16, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of women, intakes of high-quality carbohydrates and dietary fiber were associated with positive health status in older adulthood, suggesting that dietary carbohydrate quality may be an important determinant of healthy aging.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andres V. Ardisson Korat, ScD, email andres.ardisson_korat@tufts.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.11056)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in Launch Prices and Price Increases for Self-Administered Anticancer Drugs in Medicare
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Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in California Ambulance Patient Offload Times
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Classroom-Level and Individual-Level Prosociality and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Adolescents
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Hearing Aid Service Models, Technology, and Patient Outcomes
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 15, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that while over-the-counter (OTC) and OTC+ (audiologists provided limited services for OTC hearing aids) service models were effective, they did not achieve the same outcomes as the audiologists fitted prescription hearing aids following best practices service model. As high-end and low-end hearing aids yielded similar outcomes, support for the higher cost of high-end hearing aids was not identified for individuals with mild to moderate hearing loss.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yu-Hsiang Wu, MD, PhD, email yu-hsiang-wu@uiowa.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2025.1008)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Long-Term Survival in Patients With Low-Risk Cervical Cancer After Simple, Modified, or Radical Hysterectomy
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 15, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, long-term survival was similar following simple hysterectomy vs modified radical hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy, supporting the use of simple hysterectomy in select patients with low-risk early-stage cervical carcinoma.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Kathleen M. Darcy, PhD (darcyk@whirc.org) and Christopher M. Tarney (christopher.m.tarney.mil@health.mil).
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.10717)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Early Childhood Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood
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Psychiatric Prognosis Following Index Suicide Attempts in Early Adolescents
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Causes of Death Among US Medical Residents
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Long-Term Oncologic Outcome of Breast-Conserving Treatment in Patients With Breast Cancer With BRCA Variants
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Ransomware Attacks and Data Breaches in US Health Care Systems
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Cannabis Use Among Older Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of cannabis use in veterans ages 65 to 84, use was common, and more than one-third who used in the past 30 days had any cannabis use disorder. The prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use was close to tobacco use prevalence, and risk factors for cannabis use were similar to those observed in other populations. Frequent and inhaled cannabis use was associated with higher odds of any cannabis use disorder. Routine health screening for cannabis use in Veterans Health Administration clinical settings is necessary to identify older adults with cannabis use.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Vira Pravosud, PhD, MPH, MS, email vira.pravosud@va.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.10173)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Mental Health
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In patients with overweight/obesity and/or diabetes, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) treatment is not associated with increased risk of psychiatric adverse events or worsening depressive symptoms relative to placebo and is associated with improvements in quality of life, restrained eating, and emotional eating behavior. These findings provide reassurance regarding the psychiatric safety profile of GLP1-RAs and suggest that GLP1-RA treatment contributes to both physical and emotional well-being.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Aureliane C. S. Pierret, MBBChir (a.pierret@nhs.net) and Toby Pillinger, PhD (toby.pillinger@kcl.ac.uk).
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0679)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Insurer Exits After the Inflation Reduction Act Part D Redesign
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5:30 P.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2025 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
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About The Study: In 2023 and 2024, more Part D beneficiaries were affected by their insurer exiting the marketplace than in previous years. This increase could be associated with changes to Medicare Part D from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which increased Part D plan sponsor financial liability. These IRA provisions were designed to lower out-of-pocket costs for Part D beneficiaries, but increased Part D plan exits could lead to more limited coverage options and less competitive Part D marketplaces.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Christopher L. Cai, MD, email ccai@bwh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7289)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Dental and Vision Services Among Veterans in Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4:45 P.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 15, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2025 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
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About The Study: Although Medicare Advantage (MA) plans offer and directly market supplemental benefits for dental and vision services, veterans enrolled in MA used these services with the same frequency as veterans in traditional Medicare (TM). Moreover, MA plans spent only modestly more on dental services and vision services for veterans than TM, including for emergency dental services. After accounting for private insurance plans used by TM enrollees and out-of-pocket spending, total spending on dental services was no different for veterans in MA vs TM.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, José F. Figueroa, MD, MPH, email jfigueroa@hsph.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7753)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Incomplete Team Staffing, Burnout, and Work Intentions Among US Physicians
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2025 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1679?guestAccessKey=cb52c805-a6cd-49e1-8f27-d519d054015e&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051425
About The Study: In this study, physicians frequently experienced incomplete team staffing. Working with an incompletely staffed team was associated with significantly greater odds of burnout, intent to reduce clinical work hours, and intent to leave one’s current organization (ITL). Given associations between ITL and attrition, these findings emphasize the importance of adequate staffing.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lisa S. Rotenstein, MD, MBA, MSc, email lisa.rotenstein@ucsf.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1679)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Spironolactone vs Amiloride for Resistant Hypertension
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Remote Symptom Monitoring With Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Cancer Populations
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Fentanyl Test Strip Use and Overdose Risk Reduction Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs
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School-Based Health Centers and School Attendance in Rural Areas
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Stigmatizing and Positive Language in Birth Clinical Notes Associated With Race and Ethnicity
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 13, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9599?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051325
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study examining clinical notes of more than 18,000 patients admitted for labor and birth, there were notable disparities in how stigmatizing and positive language was documented across racial and ethnic groups. This underscores the necessity for improving documentation and communication practices to reduce the use of stigmatizing language.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Veronica Barcelona, PhD, RN, email vb2534@cumc.columbia.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9599)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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African Genetic Ancestry, Structural and Social Determinants of Health, and Mortality in Black Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 13, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, associations of structural and social determinants of health with mortality persisted with adjustment for percentage African genetic ancestry. The findings support the hypothesis that structural and social determinants of health should be the primary factors to consider for eliminating health disparities.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hari S. Iyer, ScD, MPH, email hi97@cinj.rutgers.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.10016)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Mental Distress Among Females Following 2021 Abortion Restrictions in Texas
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 12, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that Texas’s abortion restrictions were associated with increases in mental distress among females of reproductive age, especially among younger individuals who may have less ability to overcome barriers to abortion care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jusung Lee, PhD, email jusung.lee@utsa.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9576)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Hearing Intervention, Social Isolation, and Loneliness
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Lecanemab Treatment in a Specialty Memory Clinic
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Rizatriptan vs Placebo for Attacks of Vestibular Migraine
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Landscape of Emergency Medicaid and Health Care Coverage for Undocumented Immigrants in the US
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Sexual Health of US Transgender Boys, Nonbinary Youth, and Cisgender Girls
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Frequent and Problem Gambling in Public School Students
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Nicotine Pouch Use in Youths and Adults Who Use Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Smokeless Tobacco
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Changes in Physical and Mental Health After the End of SNAP Emergency Allotments
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 12, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: After the end of emergency allotments nationwide by March 2023, there were significant increases in food insecurity and poor physical health days among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants. No changes in poor mental health days or poor or fair health status were observed.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil, email rwadhera@bidmc.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.6010)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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US Children Living With a Parent With Substance Use Disorder
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 12, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Nearly 19 million children were estimated to be living in a household with at least 1 parent with substance use disorder, accounting for one-quarter of all U.S. children in 2023. Children in such households are more likely to develop adverse health outcomes than their peers without exposure to parental substance use disorder.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sean Esteban McCabe, PhD, email plius@umich.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.0828)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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First-Generation and Low-Income Students in the National Medical Student Body
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 12, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cross-sectional study of U.S. medical student matriculants found a decrease in the number of matriculants who were first-generation. These students were at significant risk of attrition from medical school, particularly when considering the intersectionality with low-income and underrepresented in medicine identities. These results suggest a need to recruit and retain these students, so that the physician workforce better reflects the backgrounds and experiences of the communities served.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sophia C. Kamran, MD, email skamran@mgh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9769)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Estimates of Illicit Opioid Use in the US
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 9, 2025
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this national survey of 1,515 adults conducted in June 2024, 166 respondents (11%) reported illicit opioid use and 114 (7.5%) reported illicitly manufactured fentanyl use within the past 12 months. These rates are much higher than previously reported estimates. The findings highlight the need for more timely and accurate data to inform policy and intervention strategies. Enhanced data collection efforts are essential for understanding and mitigating the opioid crisis.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, David Powell, PhD, email dpowell@rand.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0809)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Safety of Stimulants Across Patient Populations
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Spousal Support and Physician Work-Life Integration and Burnout
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Behavioral Health Flag Use by Race and Ethnicity in a Pediatric Emergency Department
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Effectiveness and Safety of RSV Vaccine for US Adults Age 60 or Older
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 9, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) protein subunit vaccine in this case-control study was similar to the VE in clinical trials. The VE for immunocompromised patients was mildly (overall) to moderately (for stem cell transplant recipients) diminished. Risk of immune thrombocytopenic purpura after vaccination was not elevated, but the risk of Guilain-Barré syndrome was statistically significantly elevated in patients who received the RSVPreF vaccine but not in those who received RSVPreF+AS01 vaccine, although the risk was small. These observations should inform clinicians’ choices and patient instructions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Pamela B. Davis, MD, PhD, email pbd@case.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.8322)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 13, 2025
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends early, universal screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy; if an individual is not screened early in pregnancy, the USPSTF recommends screening at the first available opportunity. Untreated syphilis infection during pregnancy can be passed to the fetus, causing congenital syphilis. Congenital syphilis is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant abnormalities in the infant such as deformed bones, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, brain and nerve problems (e.g., permanent vision or hearing loss), and meningitis. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this recommendation is consistent with the 2018 recommendation.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5009)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.
Characterization of Research Grant Terminations at the National Institutes of Health
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:15 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 8, 2025
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Between February 28, 2025, and April 8, 2025, 694 National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants were terminated across 24 of the 26 institutes and centers (including the Office of the Director) that administered active NIH grants. Targeted grant terminations have affected more than $1.8 billion in NIH funding. Terminations were spread across nearly all NIH institutes and centers, although cuts disproportionately impacted the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (30% of all funding).
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, email harlan.krumholz@yale.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2025.7707)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.
Intersystem Medical Error Discovery in Otolaryngology– Head and Neck Surgery
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Deprescribing in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
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