USPSTF Recommendation on Screening for HIV Infection

Posted June 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 2019

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report, related articles and a podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for HIV infection in adolescents and adults ages 15 to 65; in those younger or older at increased risk of infection; and in all pregnant people. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this statement is an update of its 2013 recommendation. About 15% of people living with HIV are unaware of their infection, and it is estimated that those individuals are responsible for 40% of HIV transmissions in the United States. There were about 38,000 new cases of HIV infection in 2017.

The USPSTF Concludes:

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6587)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

State Abortion Restrictions, the Supreme Court, and Women’s Access to Reproductive Health Services

Posted June 4, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2019

Media advisory: To contact authors Lawrence O. Gostin, J.D., and Rebecca B. Reingold, J.D., both of the Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., email Karen Teber at km463@georgetown.edu. The Viewpoint is linked to this news release and a table of state abortion laws is attached in a PDF below.

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Supplemental Content: Table of state abortion laws. Click on this link to download a PDF of the table: 06-05 JAMA abortion law supp

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8437)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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USPSTF Recommends PrEP to Prevent HIV Infection in People at High Risk

Posted June 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 2019

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report, related articles and a podcast are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time and all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2735509?guestAccessKey=e7dfb28b-1d9c-4351-ba42-964c790a443f&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=061119

Bottom Line: In a new recommendation, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends clinicians offer preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with effective antiretroviral therapy to people at high risk of acquiring HIV to decrease their risk of infection with the virus that causes AIDS. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. This recommendation statement comes after a review of the evidence on the benefits of PrEP to prevent HIV infection. There were more than 38,000 new diagnoses of HIV infection reported in the United States in 2017. HIV is now treatable but there is no cure and the virus can have significant health consequences.

The USPSTF Concludes:

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6390)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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Firearms and Risk of Suicide by U.S. Army Soldiers

Posted June 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Catherine L. Dempsey, Ph.D., email Sarah Marshall at sarah.marshall@usuhs.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Examining to what extent firearm ownership and accessibility may be associated with suicide risk among U.S Army soldiers was the aim of this psychological autopsy study. The study included 135 soldiers who died by suicide on active duty between 2011-2013; firearms were the most common method with 61 of 111 soldiers who had a documented method of injury dying this way. Other soldiers were included for comparison based on sociodemographic and Army history risk factors for suicide death, as well as soldiers with recent suicidal thoughts. Next-of-kin and Army supervisors were interviewed about soldiers who died by suicide. Soldiers who died by suicide were more likely to own firearms, store loaded firearms at home, and carry personal guns in public than some other soldiers, and those factors combined were associated with an increased likelihood of suicide death. The study was limited by the small number of soldiers included. The results suggest a continued focus on lethal means counseling is warranted and one aspect of focus could be the separate storage of ammunition and firearms.

Authors: Catherine L. Dempsey, Ph.D., Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5383)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Contributors to Postinjury Mental Health in Urban Black Men With Serious Injuries

Posted June 3, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Therese S. Richmond, Ph.D., C.R.N.P., of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, email media@nursing.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1622)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.)

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Association of Antiviral Therapy With Parkinson Disease Risk in Hepatitis C Infection

Posted June 3, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact the corresponding authors, email Ying-Zu Huang, M.D., Ph.D., at yzhuang@cgmh.org.tw and Rou-Shayn Chen, M.D., at cerebrum@cgmh.org.tw, both of the Chang
Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This article is being released to coincide with presentation at a meeting.

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(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1368)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Availability of Opioid-Overdose Antidote at Pharmacies

Posted June 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Dima M. Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., email Jacqueline Carey at jmcarey@uic.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Pennsylvania became one of the first states in 2015 to implement a statewide standing order allowing pharmacists to dispense naloxone, an antidote for opioid overdoses, without a physician’s prescription. This study looked at the availability (with or without a prescription) of naloxone nasal spray at 418 pharmacies in Philadelphia surveyed by telephone. The authors report 1 in 3 pharmacies had naloxone nasal spray in stock but many still required a physician’s prescription. Naloxone also was more likely to be in stock and available without a prescription at chain stores than independent ones but naloxone was less likely to be available in areas with elevated rates of opioid overdose deaths. Researchers examined only the availability of naloxone as a nasal spray, and not in other forms, which may have underestimated its availability. The findings suggest efforts are needed to strengthen the implementation of statewide standing orders for the availability of naloxone.

Authors: Dima M. Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5388)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Medicaid Expansion Associated With Fewer Cardiovascular Deaths

Posted June 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sameed Ahmed M. Khatana, M.D., email Mike Iorfino at Mike.Iorfino@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Expanding Medicaid eligibility was associated with lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes in a study comparing data from counties in 29 states that expanded Medicaid with 19 states that didn’t from 2010 to 2016. Cardiovascular mortality among adults ages 45 to 64 was stable in counties in expansion states between the preexpansion and postexpansion periods (146.5 to 146.4 deaths per 100,000 residents per year). In counties in nonexpansion states, there was an increase in cardiovascular mortality rates during the preexpansion and postexpansion periods (176.3 to 180.9 deaths per 100,000 residents per year). Counties in expansion states had 4.3 fewer deaths from cardiovascular causes per 100,000 residents per year after accounting for differences in demographic, clinical, economic and health access factors. This is an observational study so causal inferences can’t be drawn between the expansion of Medicaid eligibility and differences in cardiovascular mortality rates. Policymakers may want to consider these results as they debate more changes to Medicaid eligibility and expansion.

Authors: Sameed Ahmed M. Khatana, M.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1651)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Association of SC’s Medicaid Payment Changes With Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Contraception, Birth Intervals

Posted May 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Maria W. Steenland, S.D., M.P.H., at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, email Mollie Rappe at mollie_rappe@brown.edu. The full study is linked to this news release. This article is being released to coincide with a meeting presentation.

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(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6854)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Effect of Early Limited Formula, Breastfeeding Duration in the 1st Year

Posted May 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Valerie J. Flaherman, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco, email Suzanne Leigh at Suzanne.Leigh@ucsf.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1424)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Looks at Path to Recovery of Full Daily Function After Mild TBI

Posted May 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Lindsay D. Nelson, Ph.D., email Holly Botsford at hbotsford@mcw.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study describes the path to recovery of daily function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using data from a study that followed a group of patients with mTBI over time. The study included 1,154 patients with mTBI who sought care at level 1 trauma centers and 299 patients with orthopedic injuries but no signs of head trauma for comparison. The two groups of patients weren’t statistically significantly different postinjury from two weeks to six months based on reported functional limitations. However, at 12 months postinjury more patients in the mTBI group continued to report limitations compared to those patients in the group with orthopedic injuries. At 12 months, 47% of patients with mTBI but 62% of those with orthopedic injuries reported a full return to their preinjury functioning levels. The results of this observational study may not be generalizable to a broader population of patients with mTBI, including those who didn’t go to emergency departments. Also, the assessment to measure aspects of daily functioning is completed through interviews with patients or their proxies. These findings suggest the need for more follow-up of patients after mTBI to reduce the chance of chronic problems after injury.

Authors: Lindsay D. Nelson, Ph.D., of the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1313)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Care Cascades After Low-Value Preoperative Testing

Posted May 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Ishani Ganguli, M.D., M.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, email Elaine St. Peter at estpeter@bwh.harvard.edu. The full study is linked to this news release. This article is being released to coincide with a meeting presentation.

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(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1739)

Editor’s Note: The articles conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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How Common is Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Sexual Minority, Heterosexual Adolescents?

Posted May 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Richard T. Liu., Ph.D., email Mollie Rappe at mollie_rappe@brown.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study describes how common nonsuicidal self-injury has been over time among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. The study used surveillance data for 2005 to 2017 from Massachusetts, the first state to assess sexual orientation (assessed as self-reported sexual identity and same-sex behavior). Among about 21,200 adolescents in grades 9 through 12, rates of nonsuicidal self-injury ranged from 11% to 20% among heterosexual young people and from 38% to 53% among sexual minority youth across the study period. Rates may be even higher because of how nonsuicidal self-injury was measured. There is a pressing concern for progress in addressing this public health concern.

Author: Richard T. Liu, Ph.D., Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1433)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Deaths From Falls Increase Among Older U.S. Adults

Posted May 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Klaas A. Hartholt, M.D., Ph.D., email k.hartholt@rdgg.nl. The full study, editorial and related articles are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Death rates from falls for U.S. adults 75 or older increased from 2000 to 2016 in this study that analyzed nationally representative vital statistics data. The absolute number of deaths from falls increased from 8,613 in 2000 to 25,189 in 2016. The overall rate of death increased from nearly 52 per 100,000 people in 2000 to 122 per 100,000 in 2016. Rates of death from falls adjusted for different age distributions increased from about 61 per 100,000 men in 2000 to about 116 per 100,000 in 2016; among women rates increased from 46 per 100,000 in 2000 to about 106 per 100,000 in 2016. Rates of death increased by age group in 2016 from 42 per 100,000 among those ages 75 to 79 compared with about 591 per 100,000 among those 95 or older. The reasons for these increases aren’t fully known, although misclassification or incomplete recording of causes of death could have resulted in overestimation or underestimation of deaths from falls.

Authors: Klaas A. Hartholt, M.D., Ph.D., Reinier de Graaf Groep, Delft, the Netherlands, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4185)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Do Violent Video Games Affect Kids’ Behavior With Real Guns?

Posted May 28, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 31, 2019

Media advisory: To contact authors Brad J. Bushman, Ph.D., and Justin H. Chang, M.A., email Misti L. Crane at crane.11@osu.edu. The full study, commentary and a visual abstract are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This randomized clinical trial in a university laboratory examined the effects of video games with weapons on children’s behavior when they found a real gun. Pairs of children (ages 8 to 12) were assigned to 1 of 3 versions of the popular video game Minecraft (one child played while the other watched): (1) violent with guns used to kill monsters, (2) violent with swords used to kill monsters or (3) nonviolent with no weapons or monsters. After 20 minutes of gameplay, the children played with other toys in another room that included a cabinet with two disabled handguns. The study analysis included 220 children (average age 10) who found a gun while playing. Nearly 62% of the 76 children who played the video game with gun violence touched a handgun; about 57% of the 74 children who played the game with sword violence touched a gun, and about 44% of the 70 children who played the nonviolent version touched a gun, although the differences across groups weren’t significant. Children exposed to violent versions of the video game were more likely to engage in the dangerous behavior of pulling the trigger at themselves or their partner than children exposed to the nonviolent version. The violent versions with guns and swords were significant even after accounting for other mitigating factors (sex, age, trait aggressiveness, exposure to violent media, attitudes toward guns, presence of firearms in the home, interest in firearms and whether the child had taken a firearm safety course). The other outcomes (time spent holding a gun and total trigger pulls) weren’t statistically significant. Self-reported consumption of violent media was also a risk for total trigger pulls and trigger pulls at self or partner. The study is limited by the artificial setting of a university laboratory and Minecraft is not a very violent game with no blood and gore (researchers could not ethically expose children to a more violent, age-inappropriate game). The authors encourage gun owners to secure their firearms and reduce children’s exposure to violent video games.

Authors: Brad J. Bushman, Ph.D., and Justin H. Chang, M.A., at Ohio State University, Columbus

Visual Abstract:

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4319)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examines Youth Suicides After ’13 Reasons Why’

Posted May 28, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, M.D., Ph.D., M.M.Sc., email Thorsten Medwedeff at thorsten.medwedeff@meduniwien.ac.at or Jakob Sonnleithner at jakob.sonnleithner@meduniwien.ac.at. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The popular Netflix series “13 Reasons Why” was controversial for its portrayal of the suicide of a 17-year-old girl. This study, called a time series analysis, used suicide data before and after the show’s release in 2017 to estimate suicides among different age groups (10 to 19, 20 to 29, and 30 or older for females and males in the U.S.) and to identify changes in the specific methods of suicide used. The authors report an estimated 13% increase in suicide among individuals 10 to 19 in the three months after the show’s release, which corresponds to 94 more suicides than would be expected. Gender-specific analyses suggest larger proportional increases among females. No similar increase in suicide was seen among the other age groups. The results of this study should be interpreted with caution, in part because the study was based on data that makes it impossible to know whether people who died from suicide had actually watched the show. However, the results point to the need for public health and suicide experts to work with the entertainment industry to prevent harmful portrayals of suicide. Individuals thinking about suicide or worried about someone else can call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255.

Authors: Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, M.D., Ph.D., M.M.Sc., of the Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0922)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Association of Steps With Death Rates in Women

Posted May 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1:55 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author I-Min Lee, M.B.B.S., Sc.D., email Elaine St. Peter at estpeter@bwh.harvard.edu. The full study is linked to this news release. This is being released to coincide with a meeting presentation.

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(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0899)

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Perceived Discrimination Associated With Well-Being in Adults With Poor Vision

Posted May 28, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 30, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sarah E. Jackson, Ph.D., email s.e.jackson@ucl.ac.uk. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study of nearly 7,700 men and women 50 or older in England looked at how common perceived discrimination was among those with visual impairment and how that was associated with emotional well-being. Of the individuals, 913 reported poor overall eyesight and 658 reported poor eyesight up close. Discrimination was more commonly reported by those adults with poor eyesight than those with good eyesight, with the most common form of discrimination reported being treated with less respect or courtesy. Individuals who reported poor eyesight and discrimination were more likely to report depressive symptoms and loneliness, as well as lower quality of life and life satisfaction than those with poor eyesight but no reported perceived discrimination. A limitation of the study is that poor eyesight was self-reported. Health care practitioners should consider asking patients with visual impairment about their well-being.

Authors: Sarah E. Jackson, Ph.D., University College London, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1230)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Rx Filling Among Teens Prescribed for STIs in Emergency Departments

Posted May 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 28, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Monika K. Goyal, M.D., M.S.C.E., at Children’s National Health System, Washington, D.C., email media@childrensnational.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1263)

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Association of Team Sports in Adolescence, Adult Mental Health

Posted May 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 28, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Molly C. Easterlin, M.D., email Enrique Rivero at erivero@mednet.ucla.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Participation in team sports as an adolescent was associated with a higher likelihood of some better adult mental health outcomes among individuals with adverse childhood experiences (ACES). This observational study included nearly 9,700 individuals with data on their exposure to ACEs, including physical and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, parental alcohol misuse, parental incarceration and living with a single parent. About 49% of the individuals reported exposure to one ACE and about 21% reported two or more ACEs. Team sports participation during adolescence was associated with a lower likelihood of a diagnosis of depression and anxiety in young adulthood but not associated at a statistically significant level with current depressive symptoms after accounting for other mitigating factors. The association between team sports and better mental health wasn’t significantly different for males and females. The study cannot determine causality and social determinants of health are hard to isolate. Team sports may help to mitigate the effects of ACEs but other factors may too. The authors suggest teams sports may help to build resilience so policymakers and child health advocates may want to advocate for these programs to be accessible and equitable.

Authors: Molly C. Easterlin, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, National Clinician Scholars Program, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1212)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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What is Association Between Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease, Cholesterol Levels?

Posted May 23, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 28, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Thomas S. Wingo, M.D., email Jennifer Johnson at jrjohn9@emory.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This case series study investigated whether cholesterol level was associated with early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) and what underlying genetic variations there might be. Blood samples were used from 2,125 individuals (654 patients with early-onset AD with symptoms beginning at age 65 or younger and the rest cognitively normal individuals over the age of 60 for comparison). The authors report elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (the so-called “bad” cholesterol) were associated with a higher likelihood of having early-onset AD, and that variations in a gene known to influence cholesterol levels, APOB, were associated too. The gene variations were rare and the small number of cholesterol measurements don’t allow for a causal interpretation of these findings.

Authors: Thomas S. Wingo, M.D., Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0648)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Opioid Prescribing by Dentists

Posted May 21, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Katie J. Suda, Pharm.D., M.S., of the Universoty of Illinois at Chicago, email Jacqueline Michelle Carey at jmcarey@uic.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4303)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Is Life Purpose Associated With Death?

Posted May 21, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Celeste Leigh Pearce, Ph.D., M.P.H., at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, email Andrea LaFerle at alaferle@umich.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Death Rates Among NFL, MLB Players

Posted May 21, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Marc G. Weisskopf, Ph.D., Sc.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, email Christopher Sweeney at csweeney@hsph.harvard.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4223?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=052419

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4223)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Clinical Trial Examines Approaches to Improve Quality of Life for Patients With Tinnitus

Posted May 21, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Roberta W. Scherer, Ph.D., email Jon Eichberger at je@jhu.edu. The full study, commentary, Viewpoint and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This randomized clinical trial of 151 active-duty and retired military personnel and dependents compared tinnitus retraining therapy (combines counseling and sound masking to reduce patient awareness of tinnitus and the distress it may cause) with standard care (counseling protocol aligned with military care and recommended practice guidelines) for reducing the negative effects of ringing in the ears on quality of life. There is no cure for tinnitus and the aim of treatment is to improve of quality of life.

Authors: Roberta W. Scherer, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0821)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examines Association of Being Black With Death from Prostate Cancer

Posted May 21, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Daniel E. Spratt, M.D., email Ian Demsky at idemsky@med.umich.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: How being black is associated with prostate cancer survival after accounting for nonbiological differences, such as access to care and type of treatment, was the subject of this analysis that included 306,000 men with prostate cancer from three study groups. When black men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer had similar access to care and standardized treatment, they appeared to have comparable prostate cancer-specific mortality to white men, although being black was associated with increased risk of death from other causes. The results of this observational study suggest efforts are needed to address the modifiable social factors that contribute to racial disparities in prostate cancer outcomes. The data don’t address the biological likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

Authors: Daniel E. Spratt, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0826)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Parental Use of Prescription Opioids Associated With Risk of Suicide Attempt by Children

Posted May 20, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Robert D. Gibbons, Ph.D., email Matt Wood at Matthew.Wood@uchospitals.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Opioid use by parents was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt by their children in a study that linked medical claims for opioid prescriptions for parents with medical claims for suicide attempts by their children. This observational study included 184,000 children whose parents used opioids and about 148,000 children whose parents didn’t. Parental opioid use was defined having filled prescriptions covering more than a year of an opioid between 2010 and 2016. Of the children whose parents didn’t use opioids, 212 (0.14%) attempted suicide, while 678 (0.37%) of the children whose parents used opioids attempted suicide. The increased risk of suicide attempt among children whose parents used opioids remained even after accounting for child age and sex, parent and child depression and substance use diagnoses, and parental history of suicide attempt. Limitations of the study include a conservative definition of parental opioid use and all the claims were for families with private health insurance.

Authors: Robert D. Gibbons, Ph.D., University of Chicago, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0940)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Can Blood Donation Programs Identify Donors With Genetic Disorder for High Cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease?

Posted May 20, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Amit Khera, M.D., M.Sc., email Lori Soderbergh at Lori.Soderbergh@UTSouthwestern.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study examined whether a blood donation program could help identify individuals with the often undiagnosed genetic disorder familial hypercholesterolemia, which results in high cholesterol and premature coronary artery disease. Blood donation programs already screen for infectious diseases and may be able to screen for other conditions. This analysis included data from about 1.2 million donors who made a total of 3 million blood donations; total cholesterol levels were determined for these donations. The authors report that of these donors, 3,473 (1 of every 339) met the criteria for familial hypercholesterolemia, similar to estimates in the general population, which suggests blood donation programs may be a method for detecting and notifying donors with this disorder. A limitation of the study was the inability to determine whether there were other causes of hypercholesterolemia.

Author: Amit Khera, M.D., M.Sc., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1518)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Some Changes in Air Quality in California Associated With Decrease in Asthma Cases

Posted May 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Erika Garcia, Ph.D., of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, email Leigh Hopper at lhopper@usc.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5357)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Condom Use With Contraception Among Teen Moms

Posted May 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 20, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Katherine Kortsmit, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, email Anita Blankenship at aob4@cdc.gov. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1136)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Age of JUUL Twitter Followers

Posted May 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 20, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Annice E. Kim, Ph.D., of the Center for Health Policy Science and Tobacco Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, email news@rti.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0922)

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Free full-text link: Suicide Among U.S. Youth

Posted May 14, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 17, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Donna A. Ruch, Ph.D., of the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, email Mary Ellen Fiorino at MaryEllen.Fiorino@nationwidechildrens.org. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release and a podcast is attached.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051719

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3121)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Statin Use Associated With Reduced Risk of Dementia After Concussion in Older Adults

Posted May 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 20, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Donald A. Redelmeier, M.D., M.S.H.S.R., email Deborah Creatura at deborah.creatura@ices.on.ca. The full study, editorial and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Concussion is a common brain injury. This observational study of nearly 29,000 adults (66 and older) diagnosed with concussion examined whether statin use was associated with risk of long-term dementia after a concussion. The analysis compared 7,058 patients who received a statin prescription in the 90 days after a concussion with 21,757 who didn’t. After an average follow-up of four years, 4,727 patients developed dementia (1 in 6). The risk of dementia in older adults after concussion was substantial, and statin use was associated with modestly reduced risk compared to patients who didn’t receive a statin. Limitations of the study include missing information on other factors that could influence the risk of dementia.

Authors: Donald A. Redelmeier, M.D., M.S.H.S.R., University of Toronto, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1148)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Free full-text link: Association of Sugary Beverages, Mortality

Posted May 14, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 17, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jean A. Welsh, R.N., M.P.H., Ph.D., of Emory University, Atlanta, email Holly Korschun at hkorsch@emory.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release and a podcast and visual abstract are attached.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Visual Abstract

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3121)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Did Cholesterol Levels Improve Among U.S. Kids, Adolescents?

Posted May 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Amanda M. Perak, M.D., M.S., email Julie Pesch at jpesch@luriechildrens.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study examined cholesterol levels in children and adolescents in the U.S. from 1999 to 2016. Using nationally representative survey data for 26,000 young people (ages 6 to 19), the authors report favorable changes in cholesterol. Average levels of total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B decreased and average levels of the so-called good high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Still, estimates suggest only about half of the participants had ideal levels for all measures and as many as 25% had at least one suboptimal level.

Authors: Amanda M. Perak, M.D., M.S., Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4984)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Free full-text link: Body Compostion, Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Posted May 14, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Justin C. Brown, Ph.D., email Lisa Stansbury at Lisa.stansbury@pbrc.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0695)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Free full-text link: Association of Vision Impairment With Anxiety, Depression Symptoms

Posted May 14, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joshua R. Ehrlich, M.D., M.P.H., email Kara Gavin at kegavin@med.umich.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1085)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

End-of-Career Transitions for Older Surgeons

Posted May 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Todd K. Rosengart, M.D., email Dipali Pathak at pathak@bcm.edu. The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A special communication article focuses on end-of-career transitions for older surgeons. The goal is to support an aging workforce while ensuring patient safety.

Authors: Todd K. Rosengart, M.D., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1159)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Association Between Benzodiazepine Use in Early Pregnancy, Miscarriage Risk

Posted May 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Anick Berard, Ph.D., email Florence Meney at Florence.Meney.hsj@ssss.gouv.qc.ca. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia and mood disorders. This observational study examined the risk of miscarriage associated with their use in early pregnancy by drug class, specific agent and short- or long-acting formulation in about 442,000 pregnancies in Canada from 1998 through 2015. Among the pregnancies, 27,000 (6.1%) ended in miscarriage and 1.4% of those miscarriages were among women who used benzodiazepines in early pregnancy. The study reports any benzodiazepine use during early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of miscarriage. A limitation of the study is its lack of information on alcohol use by the women, which could have influenced the results. These findings suggest physicians should carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of prescribing benzodiazepines in early pregnancy since alternative treatments exist.

Authors: Anick Berard, Ph.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0963)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Is Being Bullied as Teen Associated With Growing Up in Areas of Income Inequality?

Posted May 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Frank J. Elgar, Ph.D., email Cynthia Lee at cynthia.lee@mcgill.ca. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A survey study of about 874,000 adolescents from 40 European and North American countries suggests growing up in areas with income inequality was associated with being bullied after accounting for some other mitigating factors. The study didn’t contain individial-level or school-level data that might help to explain the observed association with bullying, which was self-reported and uncorroborated. Study authors says more research is needed to understand why children who grow up in economically unequal area may be at greater risk.

Authors: Frank J. Elgar, Ph.D., of McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1181)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Summary Video Available

Posted May 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

Video embed code:

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Texting While Driving Common Among Millennial, Older Parents

Posted May 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Regan W. Bergmark, M.D., email Elaine St. Peter at estpeter@partners.org.The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A distracted driving survey of millennial parents (ages 22 to 37) and older parents (37 and up) shows that most parents had read and written texts while driving in the part 30 days but millennial parents had higher survey scores that reflected more reckless driving behavior, including the use of email, social media and maps plus speed of travel. The survey included 435 parents from 45 states and survey scores were associated with crash rate. This study has limitations, including the potential for inaccurate recollections by parents and a possible bias for more technologically savvy parents because the survey was online. Few parents said their pediatrician had talked to them about distracted driving and few used an app to restrict texting while driving. Both could be potential intervention strategies.

Authors: Regan W. Bergmark, M.D., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0830)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Does Fracture Risk Differ Between 2 Common Types of Weight-Loss Surgery?

Posted May 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Elaine W. Yu, M.D., M.M.Sc., email Noah Brown at NBROWN9@PARTNERS.ORG. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2733040?guestAccessKey=0499b524-760a-493c-803b-b7945323d38b&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051519

Bottom Line: This study used Medicare claims data to compare risk of fracture among about 42,000 patients who had weight-loss surgery. Nearly 30,000 patients (average age 51) who had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were compared with nearly 13,000 patients (average age 55) who had adjustable gastric banding. Over an average follow-up of 3½ years, there were 658 nonvertebral fractures, such as to the wrist, pelvis, upper arm and hip among the patients. The study reports patients who had RYGB had increased risk of fracture compared with patients who had adjustable gastric banding. A limitation of the study is that a large proportion of the study group was eligible for Medicare because of a disability; patients younger than 65 with certain disabilities are eligible for Medicare. Fracture risk may be an unintended consequence of RYGB surgery, which is otherwise associated with many health benefits, and this should be discussed with patients.

Authors: Elaine W. Yu, M.D., M.M.Sc., Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1157)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Could Locking All Household Guns Reduce Youth Suicides, Unintentional Firearm Deaths?

Posted May 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Michael C. Monuteaux, Sc.D., email Erin Tornatore at erin.tornatore@childrens.harvard.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An increase in the number of firearm owners who live with children who lock up all their household guns could be associated with a reduction in youth firearm deaths by suicide and unintentional injury. This modeling study of a hypothetical intervention estimates that if 20% of households storing at least one gun unlocked changed in one year to locking all firearms then between 72 and 135 youth firearm fatalities and between 235 and 323 youth firearm shootings (nonfatal injuries and deaths combined) may be prevented. A gun in a home can increase risk of suicide and unintentional deaths, and safe gun storage practices have been associated with reduced risk of intentional self-inflicted and unintentional firearm injuries. Authors of this study acknowledge their analysis relied on a single study from more than 15 years ago because they says it’s the only published study that quantifies the relationship between gun storage practices among youth and the risk of firearm injuries. Nonetheless, researchers say their results underscore the need to develop approaches that will motivate adults to safely store guns.

Authors: Michael C. Monuteaux, Sc.D., of Boston Children’s Hospital, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1078)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of 12 Cervical Cancer Screenings

Posted May 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author George F. Sawaya, M.D., email Elizabeth Fernandez at elizabeth.fernandez@ucsf.edu. The full study, commentary and author interview are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This cost-effectiveness analysis incorporates women’s preferences and estimates quality of life and economic outcomes for 12 cervical cancer screening strategies.

Authors: George F. Sawaya, M.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0299)

Editor’s Note: The articles conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Philadelphia Beverage Tax Associated With Higher Prices, Reduced Sales

Posted May 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 14, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Christina A. Roberto, Ph.D., email Katie Delach at Katie.Delach@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A few U.S. cities have instituted beverage taxes on sweetened drinks to generate revenue and to reduce consumption of these drinks because of their association with obesity and poor health. This study looked at changes in beverage prices and sales before and after Philadelphia implemented such a tax (1.5 cents per ounce) in 2017 compared with Baltimore, which had no such tax. In an analysis that included nearly 300 stores, study authors report Philadelphia’s tax was associated with increased beverage prices and large sales declines, which were partially offset by increased purchases in neighboring areas. This study relied on data for beverages sold only at chain retailers.

Authors: Christina A. Roberto, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4249)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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What is Association of Age With Risk of Death for ICU Patients?

Posted May 7, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 10, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Matthieu Legrand, M.D., Ph.D., email Matthieu.Legrand@aphp.fr. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3215?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051019

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This study of nearly 134,000 patients admitted to intensive care units in France examined the association of age with risk of death in the hospital and then three months and three years after discharge.

Authors: Matthieu Legrand, M.D., Ph.D., L’Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, France, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3215)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Time of Day Associated With Physicians Ordering Cancer Screenings, Patients Completing Them

Posted May 7, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 10, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Mitesh S. Patel, M.D., M.B.A., M.S., email Frank Otto at Frank.Otto@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3403?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051019

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: The time of day of a primary care appointment was associated with the likelihood of a physician ordering cancer screenings and of patients completing those screenings in this study of 33 practices with patients eligible for breast or colorectal cancer screening. The likelihood of physicians ordering cancer screenings decreased as the clinic day progressed and so did the likelihood of patients completing those screenings within one year of the office visit. This observational study cannot explain the cause behind these associations but clinician and patient factors may explain it, such as shorter interactions with patients if physicians fall behind and cancer screenings not being discussed. Screening test order rates were highest at 8 a.m. and lowest at 5 p.m. The results of this study may not be generalizable because it was conducted at a single health system and variation in screening orders and patient completion may be related to factors unaccounted for in this study. Future interventions that aim to increase cancer screenings should consider how the timing of primary care visits might influence physician and patient behavior.

Authors: Mitesh S. Patel, M.D., M.B.A., M.S., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3403)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Disparities Associated With Buprenorphine Prescriptions for Opioid Use Disorder

Posted May 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Pooja A. Lagisetty, M.D., M.Sc., email Kara Gavin at kegavin@med.umich.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2732871?guestAccessKey=85d2749b-f483-45ae-ad34-513cfa5584a2&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=05082019

Bottom Line: This study used national survey data to estimate buprenorphine prescription rates to treat opioid use disorder by race/ethnicity and by payment type for office visits, which is how most patients with buprenorphine prescriptions get care. Researchers report buprenorphine office visits increased from 0.04% to 0.36% of ambulatory visits from 2004-2015 and that represented about 13.4 million visits from 2012-2015. Buprenorphine prescriptions were received at more visits from 2012-2015 by white patients than patients of other races/ethnicities. Office visits were most commonly paid for by private insurance or were self-pay. Increasing rates of opioid overdoses mean it is important that policy and research efforts address racial/ethnic and payment differences in access to treatment for opioid use disorder.

Authors: Pooja A. Lagisetty, M.D., M.Sc., University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

How Common is Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Posted May 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Robert J. Wong, M.D., M.S., email Terry Lightfoot at tlightfoot@alamedahealthsystem.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2732559?guestAccessKey=644408df-7a63-40c2-8e61-3d0988921a38&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050719

Bottom Line: This study used national survey data from 2001-2016 to examine how common alcoholic fatty liver disease is in the United States.

Authors: Robert J. Wong, M.D., M.S., Highland Hospital, Oakland, California, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2276)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Articles Focus on Psoriasis, Risk of Mental Health Disorders

Posted May 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 2019

Media advisory: The full studies and editorial are linked to this news release.

Bottom Line: Two related articles and an editorial focus on the chronic inflammatory skin disorder psoriasis and the risk of mental health disorders.

Embed these links to provide your readers free access to the full-text articles: These links will be live at the embargo time.

Psoriasis and Risk of Mental Disorders in Denmark (Leisner):

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2732602?guestAccessKey=c9ff7dac-bc39-4a5a-87cb-c0dc9dba01a6&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050819

Association of Psoriasis With Mental Health Disorders in South Korea (Lee):

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2732603?guestAccessKey=701fc219-b454-4bd1-bb18-574749208547&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050819

Exploring Mental Disorders in Patients With Skin Diseases (Armstrong):

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2732599?guestAccessKey=13d616cd-7fa6-4137-ab9e-b318dbbd74e6&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050819

Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Association Between Weight Before Pregnancy, Weight Gain During Pregnancy and Adverse Outcomes for Mother, Infant

Posted May 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Romy Gaillard, M.D., Ph.D., email r.gaillard@erasmusmc.nl. The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2732571?guestAccessKey=a4d9e804-3715-4087-8190-195e8d47c205&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050719

Bottom Line: An analysis that combined the results of 25 studies including nearly 197,000 women suggests prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of the mother was more strongly associated with risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes than the amount of gestational weight gain.

Authors: Romy Gaillard, M.D., Ph.D., Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3820)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

How Common is E-Cigarette Use Among Adults in Households With Kids?

Posted May 2, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 6, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jenny L. Carwile, Sc.D., M.P.H., email media@mmc.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2732625?guestAccessKey=2980756e-2eb1-4b37-8ecc-f7628f55876a&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050619

Bottom Line: Nearly 5% of adults living in households with children use e-cigarettes based on analyses of national survey data from 2016-2017.

Authors: Jenny L. Carwile, Sc.D., M.P.H., of Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1139)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Aspirin Before At-Home Colorectal Cancer Screening Test Didn’t Significantly Improve Ability to Detect Cancer Precursors

Posted May 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Hermann Brenner, M.D., M.P.H., email h.brenner@dkfz-heidelberg.de. The full study is linked to this news release and a visual abstract is below.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2732573?guestAccessKey=4603433e-571d-4e10-9155-6e0c558fbecc&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050719

Bottom Line: Some observational studies have suggested that taking aspirin before undergoing colorectal cancer screening with a fecal immunochemical test for blood in stool might improve the ability of the test to detect cancer precursors. This randomized clinical trial included about 1,200 adults (between the ages of 40 and 80) who took a single dose of aspirin (300 mg) two days before collecting a stool sample for a fecal immunochemical test and about 1,200 adults who took a placebo. Researchers report a higher detection rate in the aspirin group but the difference between the two groups wasn’t statistically significant. A limitation of the study is that the results were based on relatively few individuals who had cancer precursors.

Authors: Hermann Brenner, M.D., M.P.H., German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4755)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Clinical Trial Looks at Absorption Levels of Sunscreen Active Ingredients into Bloodstream

Posted May 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 6, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author David G. Strauss, M.D., Ph.D., email Sandy Walsh at Sandy.Walsh@fda.hhs.gov. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release and a visual abstract is below.

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Bottom Line: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that active ingredients in sunscreen absorbed into the bloodstream above a certain level undergo toxicology testing. Researchers from the FDA conducted this small randomized clinical trial of 24 healthy volunteers to determine bloodstream concentrations of four active ingredients (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene and ecamsule) in four sunscreens applied four times per day for four days with blood samples collected from study participants over seven days. Researchers report that all four active ingredients were found in blood samples at levels exceeding the threshold recommended for toxicology testing. The effect of these concentrations is unknown and further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings. Some limitations of this clinical trial include that it was conducted under indoor conditions without exposure to heat, sunlight or humidity, which may affect the rate of sunscreen absorption, and the study wasn’t designed to look at differences in absorption by the type of sunscreen formulation, skin type or age of the user. Researchers emphasize that their results don’t suggest people refrain from using sunscreen, which prevents skin damage.

Authors: David G. Strauss, M.D., Ph.D., U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5586)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Severe Tinnitus Associated with Suicide Attempts in Women

Posted April 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 2, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Christopher R. Cederroth, Ph.D., email christopher.cederroth@ki.se. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2732497?guestAccessKey=29ff1922-fff3-4f3b-999a-ec8c1aeca212&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050219

Bottom Line: Previously, severe ringing in the ears (tinnitus) has been associated with depression and anxiety, and a 2016 study reported an association with increased risk of suicide attempts. This study used responses to a questionnaire from about 72,000 adults in Sweden to examine whether an association with increased risk of suicide attempts might be different between men and women. Of 874 women who reported severe tinnitus, 82 (9.4%) reported attempting suicide; of 1,121 men who reported severe tinnitus, 62 (5.5%) reported a suicide attempt. After analyses, an association between severe tinnitus and suicide attempt remained statistically significant only in women. Individuals who had a formal diagnosis of tinnitus weren’t at increased risk for a suicide attempt, suggesting medical attention may help to alleviate quality of life impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an established approach. A limitation of the study is its reliance on self-reported tinnitus.

Authors: Christopher R. Cederroth, Ph.D., Karolinska lnstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0566)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

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Study Examines Private Insurance Claims for Naloxone Prescriptions

Posted April 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Mai T. Pho, M.D., M.P.H., email Ashley Heher at Ashley.Heher@uchospitals.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3209?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050319

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: A study based on a national database of private insurance claims suggests few patients at high risk of opioid overdose receive prescriptions for naloxone, which can reverse an overdose, during encounters with the health care system from hospitalizations and emergency department visits to physician visits. Among 138,108 high-risk patients, only 2,135 (1.5%) were prescribed naloxone. A greater likelihood of receiving naloxone was associated with prior diagnoses of opioid misuse or dependence and overdose compared to those diagnoses without overdose. A prior diagnosis of opioid overdose alone was associated with decreased likelihood of receiving naloxone compared with a prior diagnosis of opioid misuse or dependence without overdose. Study authors acknowledge their results underestimate the distribution and use of naloxone because many patients get it through programs where insurance isn’t billed or patients may pay out of pocket. The study findings also may not be generalized to patients covered by Medicaid, some Medicare plans or those who are uninsured. Still, understanding barriers, such as a lack of awareness of local laws, to physician prescribing of naloxone to high-risk patients is important so that health care encounters aren’t missed opportunities to provide the medication.

Authors: Mai T. Pho, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Chicago Medicine, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3209)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Looks at Association of High Cholesterol Levels, Statin Use with Glaucoma Risk

Posted April 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 2, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jae H. Kang, Sc.D., email Mark Murphy at mmurphy90@bwh.harvard.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A study of adults 40 and older suggests high cholesterol levels are associated with increased risk for the most common form of glaucoma, while longer use of a cholesterol-lowering statin, compared with never using, was associated with lower risk. Data for this observational study came from more than 136,000 adults who participated in three national study groups and provided information on their statin use and cholesterol levels over 15 years. There were 886 new cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) identified among the adults. The association between longer statin use for five or more years and lower risk of POAG was stronger among those 65 and older. The study is limited by self-reported statin use and cholesterol levels, and the results also may not generalize to other groups because study participants were mostly white health care professionals. These results need to be confirmed in other studies but they are of interest given the widespread use of statins in older persons at risk for this type of glaucoma.

Authors: Jae H. Kang, Sc.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0900)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Could Mouth Rinse to Detect HPV DNA Be Associated With Predicting Risk of Head/Neck Cancer Recurrence, Death?

Posted April 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 2, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Maura L. Gillison, M.D., Ph.D., email Scott Merville at SMerville@mdanderson.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Researchers examined if a mouth rinse to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA might be associated with helping to predict risk of recurrence of head and neck squamous cell cancer and death. This study included 396 adults with head and neck squamous cell cancer of the mouth or throat, of which 202 patients had HPV-positive cancers. The adults were tested for the presence of HPV DNA with an oral rinse at various times. After completing cancer treatment, the repeated detection of HPV DNA identical to their tumor type in oral rinses was associated with a higher risk of cancer recurrence and death. The typical follow-up time of about two years in this study may have underestimated the associations between the persistence of HPV and cancer recurrence. More research is needed but these findings suggest HPV DNA may be a promising biomarker to understand cancer treatment response and future risk of progression.

Authors: Maura L. Gillison, M.D., Ph.D., University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0439)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Visual Abstract

Posted April 29, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 2019

Want to embed a link to this study in your story? This full-text link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2732608?guestAccessKey=70fc351a-0ac9-43e9-9820-f298b8984993&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042919

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Visual Abstract:

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5790)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Describing Aspects of Melanoma Progression

Posted April 29, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 1, 2019

Media advisory: The full studies and editorial are linked to this news release.

Bottom Line: Three related articles and an editorial focus on various aspects of melanoma progression.

Embed these links to provide your readers free access to the full-text articles: These links will be live at the embargo time.

Risk of Melanoma Recurrence After Diagnosis of a High-Risk Primary Tumor (von Schuckmann et al): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2731995?guestAccessKey=6363259c-9dfb-47d7-aa30-8291dc916eb1&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050119

Association of Time From Primary Diagnosis to First Distant Relapse of Metastatic Melanoma With Progression of Disease and Survival (Vallet et al): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2731994?guestAccessKey=fff14ad9-9a75-4594-8af1-ed639ece487c&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050119

Risk Factors for Lymphatic and Hematogenous Dissemination in Patients With Stages I to II Cutaneous Melanoma (Nagore et al): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2731993?guestAccessKey=dea8c2b1-744f-4acc-86b9-84c58be07c1c&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050119

The Changing Kinetics of Advanced Melanoma (Coit): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2731989?guestAccessKey=cfedae00-02f1-45e3-a830-dd4a06cf28f6&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050119

Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Estimates of Illness, Death Among Children, Adolescents Worldwide

Posted April 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Nicholas J. Kassebaum, M.D., email Kelly Bienhoff at kbien@uw.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study analyzed data from around the world to estimate illness and death in children and adolescents (birth up to age 20) in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Mortality decreased over the 27-year period and that meant children and adolescents were more likely to reach their 20th birthdays. The fastest decline in deaths was among children 1 to 4 years old mostly due to global declines in deaths due to diarrhea, respiratory infection and other common infectious diseases. However, nonfatal health loss as measured by years lived with disability (YLDs) increased, with some of the leading causes of YLDs in 2017 including iron-deficient anemia, vitamin A deficiency, neonatal disorders, congenital disorders and mental health disorders. The Global Burden of Disease 2017 collaborators who authored the study note that these summary measures of population health are influenced by data availability and time lags in the reporting of certain health information may mean the estimates are based on data already out of date. Researchers urge that careful attention be paid to nonfatal illness and disability among children and adolescents around the globe.

Authors: Nicholas J. Kassebaum, M.D., Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation, Seattle, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0337)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Examines Reliability of Early Diagnoses of ASD in Toddlers

Posted April 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Karen Pierce, Ph.D., email Scott LaFee at slafee@ucsd.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is common in children and is, on average, generally detected and treated by about age 4. This study examined whether earlier diagnoses of ASD would remain stable and persist, potentially allowing for earlier treatment. Included in this study were 1,269 toddlers from the general population with and without ASD who received their first diagnostic evaluation between the ages of 12 and 36 months and had at least one subsequent evaluation. Researchers report the stability of an ASD diagnosis was weakest in children ages 12 to 13 months but the analyses suggest ASD may be reliably diagnosed in children beginning as young as 14 months. Overall, of the 400 toddlers initially designated as having ASD, 336 (84%) retained that diagnosis at their final diagnostic visit. Research is needed to test the usefulness of ASD treatment at an early age.

Authors: Karen Pierce, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0624)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Attitudes Toward Physician-Assisted Death Among Adults With Elevated Level of Biomarker Associated With Alzheimer Disease

Posted April 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 29, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Emily A. Largent, J.D., Ph.D., R.N., email John Infanti at John.Infanti@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2731580?guestAccessKey=b4a9d16c-b597-4e5e-a15c-93272ff63cf9&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042919

Bottom Line: Cognitively normal adults with elevated levels of the biomarker amyloid-β, which is associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease, were interviewed as part of this study that examined attitudes toward physician-assisted death.

Authors: Emily A. Largent, J.D., Ph.D., R.N., University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0797)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Use of Cigarettes, e-Cigarettes Among Women of Reproductive Age in U.S.

Posted April 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., email Tom Snee at Tom-snee@uiowa.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Cigarette use was lower among pregnant women in the United States (8%) than among nonpregnant women (14.3%) but rates of e-cigarette use were almost identical (3.6% for pregnant women and 3.3% for nonpregnant women) in a study based on national health survey data. The study included data for 1,071 pregnant and 26,849 nonpregnant women (18 to 44 years old) from 2014 to 2017. E-cigarette use was more common among pregnant women who also smoke cigarettes (38.9%) than among nonpregnant women who use both kinds of cigarettes (13.5%). The small size of the group of pregnant women in the study means that the precision of the estimates about how common cigarettes and e-cigarettes are may be limited. Research starting in the preconception period is needed to understand changing patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use among women.

Authors: Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., University of Iowa, Iowa City, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0658)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Podcast

Posted April 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

Is State Medicaid Expansion Associated With Changes in Low Birth Weight, Preterm Births?

Posted April 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author J. Mick Tilford, Ph.D., email Leslie Taylor at Leslie@uams.edu. The full study and editor’s note is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2731179?guestAccessKey=79aa5bf9-da64-4e09-b54e-5d75497d5f13&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042319

Bottom Line: This observational study examined whether state Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act was associated with changes in low birth weight and preterm birth both overall and by race/ethnicity. Using data on 15.6 million births from 2011-2016, researchers report state Medicaid expansion wasn’t associated with differences in rates of low birth weight or preterm birth overall but was associated with greater reductions in rates of low birth weight and preterm birth outcomes among black infants in expansion states compared to white infants but no change in disparities among Hispanic infants. Data came from 18 states that expanded Medicaid and 17 states that didn’t. The database used for this study may have missing data or lack information on maternal factors potentially related to birth outcomes. Also, it may take time for the benefits of health care coverage under the Medicaid expansion to improve maternal health and access to care.

Authors: J. Mick Tilford, Ph.D., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3678)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Treatment, Spending on Outpatient Care for Depression in U.S.

Posted April 22, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jason M. Hockenberry, Ph.D., email Holly Korschun at hkorsch@emory.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2731311?guestAccessKey=fbfc67aa-e1bc-41df-8f36-271e90b7cd11&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042419

Bottom Line: Researchers analyzed national survey data on the use of health services and spending to examine trends in the outpatient treatment of depression in the U.S. population from 1998 to 2015, a time when many policy changes have expanded insurance coverage for mental health conditions.

Authors: Jason M. Hockenberry, Ph.D., Emory University, Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0633)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Association of Quitting Smoking During Pregnancy, Risk of Preterm Birth

Posted April 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Samir Soneji, Ph.D., email Derik Hertel at Derik.Hertel@dartmouth.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This study of more than 25 million pregnant women reports on rates of smoking cessation at the start of and during pregnancy and also examines the association of quitting cigarette smoking and the risk of preterm birth.

Authors: Samir Soneji, Ph.D., Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez, Ph.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2514)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Pharmacy Closures Associated With Declines in Cardiovascular Medication Adherence

Posted April 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Dima M. Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., email Jacqueline Carey at jmcarey@uic.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2606?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041919

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: How pharmacy closures are associated with declines in cardiovascular medication adherence for statins, β-blockers and oral anticoagulants among adults 50 or older was the focus of this analysis of prescription claims.

Authors: Dima M. Qato, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2606)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Examines Privacy Policies, Data Sharing of Popular Apps for Depression, Smoking Cessation

Posted April 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Kit Huckvale, M.B.Ch.B., M.Sc., Ph.D., email c.huckvale@unsw.edu.au. The full study is linked to this news release.

Want to embed a link to this study in your story? This full-text link will be live at the embargo time Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2542?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041919

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This study looked at the privacy practices of popular apps for depression and smoking cessation. Researchers assessed the content of privacy policies and compared disclosures regarding data sharing with commercial third parties to actual behavior for 36 apps.

Authors: Kit Huckvale, M.B.Ch.B., M.Sc., Ph.D., UNSW (University of New South Wales) Sydney, Australia, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2542)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

How Much Time Do Americans Spend Sitting?

Posted April 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Yin Cao, M.P.H., Sc.D., email Diane Duke Williams at Williamsdia@wustl.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Americans spend more time sitting. Total time spent sitting increased about an hour per day to 8.2 hours for adolescents and 6.4 hours for adults in 2007-2016 in this analysis of nationally representative survey data. Data from nearly 52,000 children, adolescents and adults from 2001-2016 were used to examine trends over time in sedentary behaviors among the U.S. population. An estimated 62% of children, 59% of adolescents and 65% of adults sat watching television or videos at least 2 hours a day in 2015-2016, with generally stable trends since 2001. The estimated proportion of people who used computers an hour a day or more during leisure time increased across all age groups from 43% to 56% among children from 2001-2016; from 53% to 57% among adolescents from 2003-2016; and from 29% to 50% among adults from 2003-2016. It is possible the self-reported sedentary behaviors in this study may not reflect the true amount of sitting, however, trends over time will less likely to be affected by errors from self-reports.

Authors: Yin Cao, M.P.H., Sc.D., Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3636)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Not Drinking Water Associated With Consuming More Calories from Sugary Drinks

Posted April 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Asher Y. Rosinger, Ph.D., M.P.H., email Joslyn Neiderer at jms1140@psu.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study examined how drinking water was associated with the amount of calories children, adolescents and young adults consume from sugar-sweetened beverages, including sodas, fruit drinks and sports drinks. Among 8,400 participants in a nationally representative survey (ages 2-5, 6-11 and 12-19 years), about one-fifth reported no water intake on a given day. Not drinking water was associated with consuming more calories from sugary beverages. After accounting for sociodemographic factors, no water intake was associated with intake of 93 calories and 4.5% more calories from sweetened drinks among participants ages 2 to 19. The magnitude of that caloric intake varied by age and racial/ethnic groups. For example, non-Hispanic white children who didn’t drink water consumed an extra 122 calories from sugary beverages while Hispanic children consumed an extra 61 calories from sweetened drinks. The study data doesn’t allow for inferences about causality but researchers report the findings demonstrate that children, adolescents and young adults should drink water every day to avoid consuming extra calories and sugar.

Authors: Asher Y. Rosinger, Ph.D., M.P.H., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0693)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Transgender Adults More Likely to Report Worse Health-Related Quality of Life

Posted April 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Kellan E. Baker, M.P.H., M.A., email Barbara Benham at bbenham1@jhu.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Transgender adults were more likely to report worse health-related quality of life compared with cisgender adults. This study used data from a large national health survey with an optional sexual orientation and gender identity module, which 36 U.S. states and territories used at least once from 2014 through 2017. The pooled data compared 3,075 transgender adults with about 719,000 cisgender adults. Transgender adults reported being less likely to have health insurance coverage and were more likely to report worse quality of life as measured by a greater likelihood of fair or poor health or severe mental distress. In addition, they reported more recent days of combined poor physical and mental health and activity limitations. The generalizability of these findings is limited because not all states and territories have used the survey’s sexual orientation and gender identity module. The study suggests that all states and territories should use the module so that data from a truly nationwide sample of the transgender population can inform ongoing debates over public accommodations access, nondiscrimination protections and other issues that influence the health of transgender individuals.

Authors: Kellan E. Baker, M.P.H., M.A., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7931)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Can Exercise, Swimming Goggles Help Protect Astronauts Against Spaceflight-Associated Changes to Eye, Vision?

Posted April 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jessica M. Scott, Ph.D., email Nicole McNamara at mcnamarn@mskcc.org. The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Astronauts on long missions at the International Space Station can experience changes to their eyes and vision that can last for years. This study included 20 men who on three separate days at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston completed exercises while on their back and tilted back head-first (to simulate the effect of exercise in space); 10 of the participants wore swimming goggles. Researchers found exercise was associated with decreases in pressure in the eye, while the addition of swimming goggles was associated with modestly increased pressure, which could reduce some of the adverse effects on the eye of long-duration spaceflights. These findings need to be replicated in spaceflight to determine whether increasing eye pressure with swim googles is safe and effective.

Authors: Jessica M. Scott, Ph.D., Universities Space Research Association, Houston, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0459)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Low Use of Hearing Aids Among Older Hispanic/Latino Adults in U.S.

Posted April 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 18, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Michelle L. Arnold, Au.D., Ph.D., email Rich Shopes at rshopes@sar.usf.edu. The full study and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study examined how common hearing aids were and the factors associated with their use among a group of nearly 1,900 adults (average age 60) of Hispanic/Latino backgrounds with hearing loss. The results reveal low use of hearing aids, with only 87 adults (4.6%) reporting use. Factors associated with adults being more likely to report using hearing aids were access to health insurance, poorer measured hearing, higher perceived need for hearing aids, and where they live. The majority of data for this study were collected prior to passage of the Affordable Care Act and subsequent Medicaid expansion, so hearing aid use may now be greater among adults enrolled in Medicaid. The data also can’t explain the cause of the low use of hearing aids. The results support increasing access to hearing care for older adults from Hispanic/Latino backgrounds with hearing loss.

Authors: Michelle L. Arnold, Au.D., Ph.D., University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, Sarasota, and coauthors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0433)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Examination of Adolescent Homicides Committed by Intimate Partners

Posted April 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 15, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Avanti Adhia, Sc.D., email Bobbi Nodell at bnodell@uw.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study used data from a large national surveillance system from 2003 to 2016 to report on adolescent homicides committed by an intimate partner (current or former girlfriend or boyfriend or spouse) and to describe characteristics of the victims, perpetrators and incidents. Nearly 2,200 homicides of young people 11 to 18 were included and 150 (6.9%) were classified as perpetrated by an intimate partner. Nearly all the victims were female, killed by a firearm and the homicides usually involved a broken or desired relationship or jealousy. The study is limited by the data, which come from only 32 states, and a fixed period of time. The authors stress that understanding homicides in early adolescent dating relationships could help prevention and intervention efforts.

Authors: Avanti Adhia, Sc.D., University of Washington, Seattle, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0621)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

What is Effect of Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health, Job Performance, Economics?

Posted April 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Zirui Song, M.D., Ph.D., email Terri Ogan Janos at tjanos@partners.org. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Employees of a large multistate warehouse retail company working in locations with a workplace wellness program reported some better health behaviors after 18 months than coworkers in locations without wellness programming. However, there were no statistically significant differences in other measures. In this randomized clinical trial, which included about 33,000 employees, 20 work sites (about 4,000 employees) had wellness programming on nutrition, physical activity, stress reduction and other related topics, while 140 other work sites (nearly 29,000 employees) had no wellness programming and were used for comparison. Researchers compared employee-reported health and behaviors collected from surveys and clinical measures of health among 20 work sites with wellness programming and 20 others without it, while health care spending and use and employment outcomes were compared among 20 sites with wellness programming and 140 without. Work sites with wellness programming had higher rates of employees reporting more regular exercise and actively managing their weight, but after 18 months there were no significant differences in other health outcomes; clinical measures such as cholesterol, blood pressure and body mass index; health care spending and use; and employment outcomes such as absenteeism, job tenure and performance. These findings may not be generalizable to other workplaces or employee populations. Still, while workplace wellness programs are popular, the authors suggest these findings might temper employer expectations about their ability to lower health care costs and improve employee health and productivity in the short term.

Authors: Zirui Song, M.D., Ph.D., Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and Katherine Baicker, Ph.D., University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, Chicago.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3307)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

USPSTF Recommendation Statement on Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children, Pregnant Women

Posted April 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time and all links to all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2730620?guestAccessKey=a1a150f4-44c9-4fba-bcc2-29e0d20c64a8&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=041619

Bottom Line: This recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updates its 2006 statement regarding screening for elevated blood lead levels in children and pregnant women. The USPSTF now finds inadequate evidence to recommend for or against screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children 5 years or younger and in asymptomatic pregnant women.

Background: The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. Elevated blood lead levels in children are associated with neurologic effects such as behavioral and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, hearing problems and impaired growth. In pregnant women, lead exposure can impair organ systems and increase the risk of preeclampsia and adverse outcomes for the infant.

The USPSTF Concludes:

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3326)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Lots of Patients With Cancer, Cancer Survivors Use But Don’t Report Complementary/Alternative Medicine Therapies

Posted April 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 11, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Nina N. Sanford, M.D., email Patrick McGee at Patrick.McGee@UTSouthwestern.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study used data from a nationwide survey to estimate how many patients with cancer and cancer survivors use complementary and alternative medicines (CAMS) in addition to or instead of conventional therapies, and how many don’t disclose that to their physicians. Among about 3,100 survey participants reporting a history of cancer, 33.3% used CAMs in the past 12 months and the most commonly used were herbal supplements (35.8%), followed by other modalities that include chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation (25.4%); massage (14.1%); yoga/tai chi/qigong (7.6%); mantra/mindfulness/spiritual meditation (6.9%); special diets (2.9%); and acupuncture (2.0%). Among the 1,023 participants who reported using CAM, 288 (29.3%) didn’t disclose that to their physicians. Many participants said they didn’t disclose their CAM use because physicians didn’t ask or they didn’t think their physicians needed to know. Considering the high proportion of patients with cancer and cancer survivors using CAM, there needs to be more study of its use on cancer outcomes.

Authors: Nina N. Sanford, M.D., of University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0349)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Association Between Household Workload, Career Dissatisfaction for Physician Moms

Posted April 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Nelya Melnitchouk, M.D., M.Sc., email Elaine St. Peter at estpeter@bwh.harvard.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study used data from an online survey of about 1,700 physician mothers to examine how responsibilities at home are associated with career dissatisfaction and whether that differs by specialty. Nearly all of the physician mothers were partnered or married and 27% were in procedural specialties (defined as all surgical specialties, anesthesiologists, gastroenterologists and obstetricians-gynecologists). Overall, physician mothers reported being responsible for most tasks at home compared with their spouses/partners, including child care, cooking, laundry and grocery shopping. Physician mothers in procedural specialties who reported being primarily responsible for five or more tasks at home more often reported career dissatisfaction as a desire to change careers than those with fewer than five household tasks. This association wasn’t observed among physician mothers in nonprocedural specialties. These data come from a voluntary membership group (the Physicians Mom Group on Facebook) and may not be representative of all physician mothers. Study authors suggest a more equitable distribution of household tasks among physician mothers and their spouses/partners or outsourcing these duties might help to sustain physician mothers in practice.

Author: Nelya Melnitchouk, M.D., M.Sc., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.0529)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Summary Video Available

Posted April 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

Video embed code:

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Study Reports on Bacterial STIs Among Men Using PrEP

Posted April 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Michael W. Traeger, M.Sc., email michael.traeger@burnet.edu.au. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study, which included nearly 3,000 mostly gay and bisexual men in Australia who received daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), reports on the association of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by describing diagnoses of chlamydia, gonorrhea or syphilis among the men and behavioral risk factors.

Authors: Michael W. Traeger, M.Sc., Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2947)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Difficulty in Middle Age Performing Activities of Daily Living Associated With Adverse Outcomes

Posted April 4, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Rebecca T. Brown. M.D., M.P.H., email Karen Kreeger at Karen.Kreeger@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Vital to quality of life and health for older adults is the ability to perform activities of daily living: bathing, dressing, eating, using the toilet, transferring locations to get in bed or sit in a chair, and walking across a room. This study looked at whether difficulty in performing ADLs (called functional impairment) in middle age was associated with increased risk of hospitalization, admission to a nursing home and death. Data for 5,540 adults were analyzed and those who developed functional impairment between the ages of 50 and 64 were at increased risk of hospitalization, nursing home admission and death compared with those without functional impairment, although the risk of death wasn’t statistically significant after adjusting for traditional risk factors including health status, health-related behaviors and sociodemographics. Middle-age adults with difficulty performing instrumental ADLs, such as managing money and medicine, shopping for groceries and preparing meals or making phone calls, had increased risk of hospitalization, nursing home admission and death in analyses adjusted, or not, for other risk factors. Limitations of this observational study include results not generalizable to people with longstanding disabilities because those with impairments at the study start were excluded. Study results suggest functional impairment has important clinical implications for even relatively young people in middle age.

Authors: Rebecca T. Brown, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0008)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Estimates of Emergency Department Visits for Suicide Attempts, Thoughts Among Kids, Teens

Posted April 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Brett Burstein, M.D.C.M., Ph.D., M.P.H., email Julie Robert at julie.robert@muhc.mcgill.ca. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Many children with suicide attempts/suicidal thoughts present to emergency departments (EDs). An analysis of U.S. ED data from 2007 to 2015 estimates annual visits almost doubled from 580,000 to 1.12 million for suicide attempts/suicidal thoughts by children ages 5 to 18 years. As a proportion of all pediatric encounters in EDs, suicide attempts/suicidal thoughts increased from 2.17% in 2007 to 3.50% in 2015. Limitations of the study are that a cause cannot be inferred from the results and it’s possible that nonsuicidal self-harm was incorrectly coded by physicians as suicide attempts/suicidal thoughts. Study findings suggest a need to strengthen community mental health resources, increase ED physician preparedness for dealing with these cases, and develop initiatives to decrease suicide risk among children and teens.

Author: Brett Burstein, M.D.C.M., Ph.D., M.P.H., Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Canada, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0464)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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How Common is Sex for Boys Before Age 13?

Posted April 4, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Laura D. Lindberg, Ph.D., email Media@guttmacher.org. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Researchers combined data from two U.S. surveys to examine how common it is for boys to have sex before they turn 13. The study included data from nearly 20,000 male high school students and about 7,700 other males between the ages of 15 to 24. Overall, 7.6% of the male high school students and 3.6% of the other males reported having sexual intercourse before age 13. The proportion varied across metropolitan areas, from 5% in San Francisco to 25% in Memphis, with higher rates among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic males in most areas. The study notes limitations including that sexual intercourse is just one indicator of sexuality and that it’s important to consider behaviors other than vaginal-penile intercourse to understand sexual development. These findings may have implications for the timing of sex education and sexual and reproductive health care.

Author: Laura D. Lindberg, Ph.D., Guttmacher Institute, New York, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0458)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Vision Loss Associated with Longer Hospital Stays, More Readmissions, Greater Costs

Posted April 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Alan R. Morse, J.D., Ph.D., email Bryan Dotson at bdotson@mannersdotson.com. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Researchers analyzed health care claims data for older adults (12,330 Medicare beneficiaries and 11,858 with commercial health insurance) to see if vision loss was associated with longer stays and higher readmission rates and costs when patients were hospitalized with common illnesses. The study reports patients with vision loss used more health care resources and had higher costs than those without vision loss. Authors estimate vision loss among hospitalized patients contributed to excess health costs of more than $500 million annually. The study is limited by its reliance on claims data, which lacks important clinical information on types of vision loss. The findings suggest identifying vision loss during hospitalization or discharge planning could help to develop strategies for patients with vision loss and improve patient outcomes.

Authors: Alan R. Morse, J.D., Ph.D., Lighthouse Guild, New York, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0446)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

What Are the Costs of Continued Smoking Among Patients with Cancer?

Posted April 2, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Graham W. Warren, M.D., Ph.D., email Heather Woolwine at woolwinh@musc.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This study was an economic evaluation and it used a model to examine the costs of subsequent cancer treatment associated with continued smoking by patients after their initial cancer treatment failed. The model was developed to consider a host of factors, including expected initial treatment failure rates in nonsmoking patients, how common smoking was, and the cost of cancer treatment after initial treatment failed. The analysis conservatively suggests continued smoking by patients with cancer adds nearly $11,000 per smoking patient in treatment costs after the initial cancer treatment failed. The model has limitations and didn’t quantify the potential benefits of smoking cessation.

Authors: Graham W. Warren, M.D., Ph.D., Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1703)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Changes in Gun Purchases After Mass Shootings

Posted April 2, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Douglas J. Wiebe, Ph.D., email Gregory Richter at gregory.richter@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: For this analysis, researchers examined monthly data on U.S. background checks for gun purchases and permits from November 1998 through April 2016, and they looked for purchasing trends after mass shootings during that time. A total of 124 major mass shootings (5 or more individuals injured or killed) and nearly 234 million background checks occurred. Researchers report 26 of the shootings (21%) were associated with increases in gun purchases and 22 of the shootings (17.7%) were associated with decreases in gun purchases. Shootings receiving extensive media coverage were associated with increases in handgun purchases, whereas high-fatality shootings were more likely to be associated with decreases in handgun purchases. It is important to study the reasons underlying these changes to better understand the connections between gun violence and public opinion. A primary limitation of the study is the inability to draw causal conclusions from the findings.

Authors: Douglas J. Wiebe, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1736)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Examines Association of Individual Factors, Likelihood of Bullying

Posted April 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Ph.D., email j.pingault@ucl.ac.uk. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Exposure to bullying is common. This study included about 5,000 children in the United Kingdom and it used genetic data, information on observable traits and exposure to bullying to identify individual risk factors associated with the likelihood of being bullied.

Authors: Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Ph.D., University College London, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0310)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Racial Disparities, Access to Kidney Transplants After New Organ Allocation System

Posted April 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sanjay Kulkarni, M.D., M.H.C.M., email Ziba Kashef at ziba.kashef@yale.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Among the priorities of a new Kidney Allocation System implemented in 2014 was to improve access to transplants to underserved populations. This study included nearly 43,000 patients on a kidney transplant wait-list after implementation of the new system. Researchers looked at whether changes in patient status on the list (active or inactive) differed based on race/ethnicity and sensitivity levels (which indicate an immune system more likely to reject transplantation), and if those differences were associated with the likelihood of transplantation after implementation of the new allocation system.

Authors: Sanjay Kulkarni, M.D., M.H.C.M., Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.0512)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Is Conception by IVF Associated With Childhood Cancer Risk?

Posted March 28, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 1, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Logan G. Spector, Ph.D., email Chuck Tombarge at tombarge@umn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study compared the risk of childhood cancer diagnosed in the first decade of life among children conceived by in vitro fertilization with those children conceived naturally. Included in the study were almost 276,000 children conceived by IVF and more than 2.2 million other children; 321 cancers were detected among the children conceived by IVF and 2,042 cancers were detected among the children not conceived by IVF. The association of conception by IVF with risk of childhood cancer was small and limited to rare tumors. Limitations of this observational study include the inability to examine fertility treatments other than IVF and other unmeasured potential confounding factors.

Authors: Logan G. Spector, Ph.D., of the University of Minnesota, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0392)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Estimates How Common Carriers of Polyglutamine Disease-Associated Gene Variants Are in General Population

Posted March 28, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 1, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact co-corresponding author Sarah L. Gardiner, M.D., email s.l.gardiner@lumc.nl and to contact N. Ahmad Aziz, M.D., email ahmad.aziz@dzne.de. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Huntington disease is one of nine rare hereditary neurodegenerative diseases known as polyglutamine diseases. This observational study estimated how common carriers with intermediate and pathological ranges of polyglutamine disease-associated gene variants were among the general population using data from five European studies that included DNA samples for more than 14,000 participants without a known polyglutamine disease diagnosis.

Authors: Sarah L. Gardiner, M.D., of Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands, and N. Ahmad Aziz, M.D., of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0423)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Brain Imaging Associated With Change in Management of Patients With Dementia, Cognitive Impairment

Posted March 28, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Gil D. Rabinovici, M.D., email Nicholas Weiler at nicholas.weiler@ucsf.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Amyloid (abnormal protein) plaques in the brain are a feature of Alzheimer disease and imaging the brain with positron emission tomography (PET) can detect them. This study examined whether such imaging is associated with changes in patient care, although amyloid deposits also occur with other neurological disorders and in cognitively normal older adults. This study included about 11,400 Medicare beneficiaries with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of uncertain cause who underwent amyloid PET. Results were positive in 55 percent of patients with MCI and 70 percent of patients with dementia. Researchers report the use of amyloid PET was associated with changes in the clinical management of patients within 90 days. The observational design of this study limits attributing changes in patient care to the imaging results and further research is needed to determine whether amyloid PET is associated with improved clinical outcomes.

Authors: Gil D. Rabinovici, M.D., University of California, San Francisco, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.2000)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Are the Uninsured and Medicaid Patients More Likely to be Transferred to Another Hospital?

Posted March 28, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 1, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Arjun K. Venkatesh, M.D., M.B.A., M.H.S., email Ziba Kashef at ziba.kashef@yale.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study analyzed 215,000 emergency department (ED) visits to 160 U.S. hospitals to see if patients with the common conditions of pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma were more likely to be discharged from the ED or transferred to another hospital after being stabilized based on their insurance status. Researchers report differences based on insurance. After adjusting for other factors, uninsured patients and patients insured by Medicaid were at higher risk of being transferred to another hospital than privately insured patients. Uninsured patients were more likely to be discharged than privately insured patients but Medicaid patients had similar risk of discharge. A limitation of the study is its use of administrative data, which lacked details on the severity of illness and hospital bed availability.

Authors: Arjun K. Venkatesh, M.D., M.B.A., M.H.S., Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0037)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Changes in Public Perception of e-Cigarettes, Cigarettes

Posted March 26, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding study author Jidong Huang, Ph.D., email Jennifer Rainey Marquez at jmarquez@gsu.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

Want to embed a link to this study in your story? This full-text link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1047?utm_source=JAMA_Network&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=032919

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: An analysis of data from two nationally representative surveys reports a greater proportion of U.S. adults perceived electronic cigarettes to be as, or more, harmful than cigarettes and a decreasing proportion of U.S. adults perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes. The findings underscore the need to accurately communicate the risks of e-cigarettes to the public because the authors suggest some cigarette smokers may have been deterred from using or switching to e-cigarettes.

Authors: Jidong Huang, Ph.D., Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1047)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Visual Abstract

Posted March 26, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 29, 2019

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Visual Abstract:

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1011)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Smoking and Mortality in Asia

Posted March 26, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 29, 2019

Media advisory:To contact corresponding study author Wei Zheng, M.D., Ph.D, email Craig Boerner at craig.boerner@vumc.org. The full study and invited commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: In this analysis of data from 20 studies conducted in China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and India with more than 1 million participants, deaths associated with smoking continued to increase among men in Asia grouped by the years in which they were born. Among the study participants, there were 144,366 deaths (with 9,158 from lung cancer) during an average follow-up of almost 12 years. Tobacco smoking was associated with 12.5 percent of total deaths and 56.6 percent of lung cancer deaths in men born before 1920, 21.1 percent of total deaths and 66.6 percent of lung cancer deaths in those born in the 1920s, and 29.3 percent of total deaths and 68.4 percent of lung cancer deaths among men born in 1930 or later. The study findings suggest tobacco smoking will remain a significant public health concern in Asia.

Authors: Wei Zheng, M.D., Ph.D., Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and coauthors

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1474)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a full-text link to embed in your story

Posted March 21, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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