Is 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Associated With Preterm Births Among Latina Women?

Posted July 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Alison Gemmill, Ph.D., email Barbara Benham at bbenham1@jhu.edu. The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A national population-based study suggests the 2016 U.S. presidential election may have been associated with an increase in preterm births among Latina women in the United States. The design of the study is used to evaluate whether policies or other population-level changes interrupt a trend in an outcome. Using data on birth counts from 2009 through July 2017 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, researchers compared preterm births (less than 37 weeks) to Latina women after the 2016 presidential election with the number expected had the election not taken place. Among nearly 32.9 million live births recorded during the study period, 11% of males and 9.6% of female births to Latina women were preterm compared with 10.2% and 9.3%, respectively, to other women. In the nine-month period beginning in November 2016, an additional 1,342 male and 995 female preterm births to Latina women were found above the expected number of preterm births, which is about 3.2% to 3.6% more. This study cannot identify the reasons behind the findings and other limitations of the study include an inability to differentiate between native and nonnative Latina women in the U.S. The authors suggest future research look at the association of anti-immigration policies with population health.

Authors: Alison Gemmill, Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7063)

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Posted July 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Predicting Long-Term Risk of Death from Chest X-Rays

Posted July 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

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What The Study Did: Researchers in this study looked at whether a computing system that analyzed data from thousands of chest x-rays of smokers and nonsmokers and developed a risk score could predict long-term risk of death.

Authors: Michael T. Lu, M.D., M.P.H., of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7416)

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Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Marijuana Use Among Northern California Women Before, During Pregnancy

Posted July 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Ph.D., M.P.H., email Kerry Sinclair at ksinclair@webershandwick.com or Jan Greene at Janice.x.greene@kp.org. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An observational study of pregnant women in Northern California suggests marijuana use before and during pregnancy has increased over time. The study of nearly 277,000 women in Kaiser Permanente Northern California included 367,403 pregnancies from 2009 to 2017. The women reported marijuana use on questionnaires as part of standard prenatal care. The authors report marijuana use in the year before pregnancy increased from 6.8% of women in 2009 to 12.5% in 2017, and marijuana use during pregnancy increased from 1.95% to 3.38%. Daily use of marijuana in the year before pregnancy increased from 1.17% in 2009 to 3.05% in 2017, and daily use during pregnancy increased from 0.28% to 0.69%. A limitation of the study is that the results may not be generalizable to women outside of California or those without access to health care.

Authors: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Ph.D., M.P.H., Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6471)

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Staging β-Amyloid Pathology with Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:30 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This multicenter study used in vivo β-amyloid cerebrospinal fluid, a biomarker of Alzheimer disease, and positron emission tomography findings to track progression of Alzheimer disease over six years among study participants.

Authors: Niklas Mattsson, M.D., Ph.D., and Oskar Hansson, M.D., Ph.D., of Lund University in Malmo, Sweden, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2214)

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Association of Blood Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers with Alzheimer Disease

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 15, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Blood samples taken over several years from cognitively normal study participants who developed Alzheimer disease were analyzed along with samples from individuals who did not develop the disease to evaluate whether there is an association between neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle biomarkers (particles shed by all cells and found in blood) and Alzheimer disease.

Authors: Dimitrios Kapogiannis, M.D., of the National Institutes of Health in Baltimore is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2462)

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Study Examines Association of Cognitive Reserve Accumulated Over Lifetime with Dementia Risk

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:30 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, JULY 14, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study of 1,600 older adults free of dementia at baseline examined whether accumulation over a lifetime of cognitive and social activities was associated with a slower rate of memory loss and a reduced risk of dementia, taking into account brain pathologies.

Authors: Xiuying Qi, Ph.D., and Weili Xu, M.D., Ph.D., of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2455)

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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How Common is Long-Term Opioid Use After Job Injury?

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study included 46,000 injured workers in Tennessee who weren’t taking opioids at the time of their injury and looked at how common long-term opioid use was and what factors were associated with it.

Authors: Zoe Durand, Ph.D., of the Tennessee Department of Health in Nashville, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7222)

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Is Facial Cosmetic Surgery Associated With Perception Changes for Attractiveness, Masculinity, Personality Traits in Men?

Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JULY 11, 2019

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What The Study Did: Photographs of 24 men before and after facial cosmetic surgery were part of this survey study to examine whether surgery was associated with perceived changes in attractiveness, masculinity and a variety of personality traits.

Authors: Michael J. Reilly, M.D., of the Georgetown University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0463)

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Is Intensive Treatment to Lower Lipid Levels Beneficial to Older Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

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What The Study Did: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, researchers examined the association of age with the benefit of intensive treatment to lower lipid levels with a combination therapy of simvastatin and ezetimibe compared to treatment with simvastatin alone after acute coronary syndrome in older patients.

Authors: Richard G. Bach, M.D., of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2306)

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Study Estimates Contribution of Genetic, NonGenetic Factors to ASD Risk

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

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What The Study Did: National registry data from five countries (Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Israel and Western Australia) were used to estimate the contribution of various genetic and nongenetic factors on the risk of autism spectrum disorder in this population-based study.

Authors: Sven Sandin, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411)

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Is Healthy Lifestyle Associated With Lower Risk of Dementia Regardless of Genetic Risk?

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, JULY 14, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author David J. Llewellyn, Ph.D., email Louise Vennells at L.Vennells@exeter.ac.uk . This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This observational study looked at whether a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of dementia regardless of genetic risk. Genetic factors are associated with increased risk of dementia but to what extent these might be offset by lifestyle factors is unknown. Genetic information from the UK Biobank was available for the 196,383 adults in this study who were of European ancestry, at least 60 years old and without dementia at the study baseline. Scores reflecting genetic risk and lifestyle were compiled based on genetic variants associated with Alzheimer disease and dementia and questionnaires about smoking, physical activity, diet and alcohol consumption. Over eight years of follow-up, there were 1,769 new cases of dementia. Both an unfavorable (the least healthy) lifestyle and high genetic risk were associated with higher dementia risk compared with low genetic risk and a favorable (the most healthy) lifestyle score. A favorable lifestyle was associated with lower dementia risk regardless of genetic risk, indicating that genetic risk and healthy lifestyle are independently associated with risk of dementia. The study has a number of limitations including that it cannot show causality, lifestyle factors were self-reported and the study was restricted to adults of European ancestry so it may not be generalizable to other populations.

Authors: David J. Llewellyn, Ph.D., University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9879)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Children in Foster Care Removed from Homes for Parental Drug Use

Posted July 11, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 15, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Angélica Meinhofer, Ph.D., email Jen Gundersen at jeg2034@med.cornell.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A research letter analyzed federally mandated data on children in foster care in the United States to examine how many children entered foster care because of parental drug use during the 2000 to 2017 fiscal years. There were nearly 5 million foster care entries during this period, of which nearly 1.2 million (about 23%) were home removals because of parental drug use. The number of foster care entries because of parental drug use rose from 39,130 of 269,382 removals (14.5%) in 2000 to 96,672 of 266,583 removals (36.3%) in 2017. These findings coincide with increasing trends in opioid use and overdose deaths nationwide during this period. However, the authors acknowledge factors other than drug use may have influenced foster care entries for parental drug use.

Author: Angélica Meinhofer, Ph.D., of Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, and Yohanis Angleró-Díaxm M.D., of Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1738)

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 11, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Arts & Medicine: Video, Articles Look Back at 1978 Novel ‘The House of God’

Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019

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Bottom Line: The 1978 novel “The House of God” is a fictional account of the internship experience of Samuel Shem, the pen name of Stephen Bergman, at Beth Israel Hospital in 1973-1974. Funny, angry, honest, and absurd, the book spotlighted the injustices of medical training and the patient care of that era and was pilloried by establishment medicine for years after publication for its razor-sharp version of the truth. This short documentary, produced on the 40th anniversary of the novel’s debut, details the book’s origins and the people and events that inspired its stories.

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Video embed code:

<div style="display: block; position: relative; max-width: 300px;"><div style="padding-top: 50%;"><iframe src="//players.brightcove.net/864352215001/default_default/index.html?videoId=6050463520001" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen style="width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;"></iframe></div></div>

Associations of Physical Activity, β-Amyloid With Cognition, Neurodegeneration

Posted July 12, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7:15 P.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 16, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Researchers in this observational study looked at whether physical activity moderates the association of β-amyloid levels, a biomarker of Alzheimer disease, with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration over time in clinically normal older adults.

Author: Jasmeer P. Chhatwal, M.D., Ph.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1879)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Visual abstract, link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 2019

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Visual Abstract

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6716)

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 2, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Risk of Death Before and After State-Mandated Protocols for Sepsis Care in New York

Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 16, 2019

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What The Study Did: Hospital discharge data was used to examine the association between New York state sepsis regulations and the outcomes of patients hospitalized with sepsis.

Authors: Jeremy M. Kahn, M.D., M.S., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9021)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study of Smokers, Former Smokers in France Examines Electronic Cigarette Use Association With Smoking Reduction, Relapse

Posted July 11, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 15, 2019

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What The Study Did: An observational study based on a group of smokers and former smokers in France looked at whether electronic cigarette use was associated with changes in the number of cigarettes smoked, with smoking cessation rates among smokers, and with smoking relapse among former smokers.

Authors: Ramchandar Gomajee, M.Sc., of the Sorbonne Université in Paris, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1483)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Evaluating Risk of Death, Complications in Patients With Heart Failure After Ambulatory, Noncardiac Elective Surgery

Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019

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What The Study Did: Veterans Affairs data for 355,121 patients undergoing ambulatory, elective, noncardiac surgery were used to compare the risk of death and complications in patients with and without heart failure.

Authors: Sherry M. Wren, M.D., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2110)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Examining Cognitive, Motor Development of Children Exposed Prenatally to Opioids

Posted July 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 12, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: Called a systematic review and meta-analysis, this study combined the results of 26 studies to examine the cognitive and motor development of infants and children exposed to opioids prenatally.

Authors: Ju Lee Oei, M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P, M.D., of The Royal Hospital for Children in Sydney, Australia, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7025)

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Is Obesity Associated With Risk of Pediatric MS?

Posted July 11, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 15, 2019

Media Advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: A single-center study of 453 children in Germany with multiple sclerosis (MS) investigated the association of obesity with pediatric MS risk and with the response of first-line therapy in children with MS.

Author: Peter Huppke, M.D., of Georg August University in Göttingen, German, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1997)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure Associated With Risk for Valvular Heart Disease?

Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: A group of 329,237 men and women of white Bristish ancestry with genetic data in the UK Biobank and blood pressure measurements were included in a study that examined the association between systolic blood pressure and risk of major valvular heart disease.

Authors: Kazem Rahimi, M.D., F.R.C.P., of the University of Oxford in Oxford, United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2202)

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Is Being Born Preterm, Low-Birth Weight Associated With Adult Social Outcomes?

Posted July 9, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 12, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results of 21 studies to summarize the overall association between being born preterm or low birth weight and later social outcomes as adults, such as ever having a romantic partnership, having sex or becoming a parent, as well as the quality of romantic partnerships and friendships.

Authors: Dieter Wolke, Ph.D., of the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6961)

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Did Food Labeling Help Hospital Employees Make Healthier Cafeteria Choices?

Posted July 8, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study of nearly 5,700 hospital employees who used the workplace cafeteria reports on whether food placement and traffic light labeling (green for healthy, yellow for less healthy and red for least healthy) was associated with a reduction in calories in the food purchased by employees.

Authors: Anne N. Thorndike, M.D., M.P.H., of the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6789)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examined Short-Term Treatment of Internet, Computer Game Addiction

Posted July 8, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 10, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and podcast are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial of 143 men tested a short-term treatment for internet and computer game addiction.

Authors: Klaus Wölfling, Ph.D., of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz in Germany, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1676)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Nonmedical Opioid Use by Adolescents Associated With Later Risk of Heroin Use?

Posted July 3, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 8, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This observational study used data from a survey of behavioral health that included students from 10 Los Angeles-area high schools to examine whether nonmedical prescription opioid use was associated with later risk of heroin use in adolescents.

Author: Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1750)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support and conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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How Is Marijuana Legalization Associated With Teen Use?

Posted July 3, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author D. Mark Anderson, Ph.D., email Amy Kanuch at amy.kanuch@montana.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This research letter reports on the association between the legalization of medical and recreational marijuana and teen marijuana use. Researchers used data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 1993 to 2017, when 27 states and Washington, D.C., contributed data to the survey before and after medical marijuana laws were adopted and seven states contributed data before and after recreational marijuana laws were adopted. More than 1.4 million high school students were included in the final study. The study reports medical marijuana laws weren’t associated with either the likelihood of marijuana use in the past 30 days or frequent marijuana use. Recreational marijuana laws appear to be associated with a decrease in the odds of both measures of marijuana use, which may be because it is more difficult for teenagers to get marijuana if drug dealers are replaced by licensed dispensaries that require proof of age.

Author: D. Mark Anderson, Ph.D., of Montana State University, Bozeman, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1720)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Does ICU Flexible Family Visitation Policy Reduce Delirium Among Patients?

Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Regis Goulart Rosa, M.D., Ph.D., email regis.rosa@hmv.org.br. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. A visual abstract is below.

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Bottom Line: A randomized clinical trial involving patients, family members and clinicians from 36 adult intensive care units in Brazil looked at whether flexible family visitation (up to 12 hours per day) plus family education on ICUs and delirium would reduce the occurrence of delirium compared to standard visitation of up to 4½ hours per day. The study included 1,685 patients. The authors report no significant difference in reducing the occurrence of delirium between flexible and standard visitation. Limitations of the study include that it was restricted to a single country.

Authors: Regis Goulart Rosa, M.D., Ph.D., Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and coauthors

Visual Abstract

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8766)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Caregiver Depression Associated With More Emergency Department Visits by Patients With Dementia?

Posted July 3, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 8, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Elan L. Guterman, M.D., email Suzanne Leigh at suzanne.leigh@ucsf.edu. The fully study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An observational study of 663 caregivers and the patients with dementia they care for suggests caregiver depression is associated with increased emergency department visits for their patients. A total of 84 caregivers had depression at the study start and it was associated with an increase in rates of emergency department use by patients after accounting for a number of other potential mitigating factors including patient age and the severity of dementia. There were 196 patients with dementia who had at least one emergency department visit in the first six months of the study. Caregiver depression was associated with an additional 0.7 emergency department visits per person-year for patients compared to caregivers without depression (1.5 vs. 0.8 visits) on an absolute scale. Limitations of the study to consider include selection bias because those caregivers with higher depression may have declined to participate. Other factors may also influence the results, including socioeconomic status. Still, the results reveal an important potential caregiver vulnerability that if overlooked in clinical encounters could neglect an important component of care and limit the ability to maximize patient outcomes.

Authors: Elan L. Guterman, M.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1820)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

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Risk of Cancer Among Children, Young Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Posted July 2, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 5, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did:National registry data in Sweden were used in this study that assessed the risk of developing cancer in children and young adults with congenital heart disease compared with healthy people in the general population from birth to age 41.

Authors: Zacharias Mandalenakis, M.D., Ph.D., F.E.S.C., of the University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg, Sweden, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6762)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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New Shingles Vaccine Reduced Occurrence in Patients Who Had Stem Cell Transplantation

Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 9, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Keith M. Sullivan, M.D., email Sarah Avery at sarah.avery@duke.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The new, nonlive shingles vaccine reduced the occurrence of shingles (herpes zoster) compared with placebo among patients who had undergone stem cell transplantation with their own stem cells. Shingles risk is increased after this type of stem cell transplantation and a vaccine that contains a weakened live strain of the shingles virus isn’t recommended for these immunocompromised patients. This randomized clinical trial conducted in 28 countries included 1,846 patients who had undergone stem cell transplantation; 922 to receive two doses of the vaccine within a few months after transplantation and 924 to receive placebo. During a follow-up of about 21 months, at least one episode of shingles was confirmed in 49 patients who received the vaccine compared to 135 patients who received placebo (an incidence of 30 cases per 1000 person-years after 2 doses of the vaccine compared with 94 per 1000 person-years after placebo). The difference was statistically significant. A limitation of the study is that long-term protection from the vaccine wasn’t assessed.

Authors: Keith M. Sullivan, M.D., Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9053)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

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Estimating Gender Biases Among Health Care Professionals, Surgeons

Posted July 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 5, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study used measures of implicit and explicit biases to assess how health care professionals associated men and women with career and family, and how surgeons associated men and women with surgery and family medicine.

Authors: Arghavan Salles, M.D., Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6545)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Can Aerobic, Resistance Exercise Reduce Excess Fat Around the Heart?

Posted July 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Regitse Højgaard Christensen, M.D., email regitse.hoejgaard.christensen@regionh.dk. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Excessive fat tissue around the heart may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study looked at what effect aerobic and resistance exercise had on this fat tissue called epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue. This was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that included 50 physically inactive adults with abdominal obesity who had 12 weeks of high-intensity endurance or resistance training or no exercise as a control group for comparison. Change in fat tissue around the heart was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Researchers report endurance and resistance training reduced epicardial adipose tissue mass but pericardial adipose tissue mass was reduced only by resistance training compared with no exercise. The study has several limitations to consider, including its small size. These findings need to be replicated in other larger studies.

Authors: Regitse Højgaard Christensen, M.D., University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2074)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 27, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 27, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Estimates of Lost Earnings from Cancer Deaths in U.S.

Posted July 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Farhad Islami, M.D., Ph.D., email David Sampson at david.sampson@cancer.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Cancer has significant impact on the U.S. economy, in part, because of lost productivity from premature deaths. This analysis estimated lost earnings for individuals ages 16 to 84 who died from cancer in 2015 by using data on cancer deaths, life expectancy and annual earnings. There were an estimated $94.4 billion in lost earnings due to cancer deaths in 2015, with large variation across the states. The study has several limitations including that lost productivity was likely underestimated in this study.

Authors: Farhad Islami, M.D., Ph.D., American Cancer Society, Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1460)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 27, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 27, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 27, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Arts and Medicine: Clarifying History, Lessons for Today From Peter Neubauer’s Twins Study

Posted June 27, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 2, 2019

Media advisory: The full article is linked to this news release.

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Bottomline: This Arts and Medicine feature reviews “Three Identical Strangers” and “The Twinning Reaction,” two documentaries telling the story of identical twins and triplets adopted as infants into separate families who were unknowing participants in a two-decade nature vs. nurture study of child development beginning in 1960.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8152)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Androgen Deprivation Therapy Associated With Risk of Alzheimer, Dementia Diagnoses in Older Men With Prostate Cancer

Posted July 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Ravishankar Jayadevappa, Ph.D., email Lauren Ingeno at Lauren.Ingeno@Pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Data for 154,089 older men diagnosed with prostate cancer were used to analyze the association between androgen deprivation therapy, a hormone-suppressing therapy used to treat prostate cancer, and subsequent diagnosis of Alzheimer disease or dementia. Of the men, 62,330 (average age 76) received androgen deprivation therapy within two years of being diagnosed with prostate cancer and 91,759 men (average age 74) didn’t have such treatment. Researchers report androgen deprivation therapy was associated with a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with Alzheimer disease or dementia compared with no androgen deprivation therapy over an average follow-up of eight years. The study has limitations to consider, including that the patients were Medicare enrollees and not enrolled in a health maintenance organization.

Authors: Ravishankar Jayadevappa, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6562)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Visual abstract, link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 26, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 2019

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Visual Abstract

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6419)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted June 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Statewide Action in California Associated With Decrease in Kindergartners Entering School Without Up-To-Date Vaccines

Posted June 27, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 2, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author S. Cassandra Pingali, M.P.H., M.S., email Janet Christenbury at jmchris@emory.edu. The full study, editorial and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Legislative and administrative actions by the state of California were associated with a decrease in the rate of kindergartners entering school without up-to-date vaccinations. This observational study focused on three statewide initiatives: a 2014 bill requiring parents to prove they had discussed the risks of not vaccinating their children with a health care provider before getting a personal belief exemption; a 2015 educational campaign by state and local health departments to educate school staff on conditional admission criteria that allow students more time to catch up on vaccinations; and a 2016 bill banning all personal belief exemptions for vaccinations. Researchers used school entry data to calculate rates of kindergartners attending California schools without up-to-date vaccines. The authors report the rate of kindergartners without up-to-date vaccinations decreased from 9.84% during 2013 (before the three statewide interventions) to 4.87% in 2017 (after the interventions). Limitations of the study include a limited time period for examining each intervention and students with varying vaccination status not specific to particular vaccines.

Authors: S. Cassandra Pingali, M.P.H., M.S., Emory University. Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7924)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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What Is Association of Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Overactive Thyroid With Risk of Cancer Death?

Posted June 27, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 1, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Cari M. Kitahara, Ph.D., email NCIPressOfficers@mail.nih.gov. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Radioactive iodine has been used since the 1940s to treat hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid. This study is an extension of one that has followed patients in the United States and the United Kingdom treated for hyperthyroidism for nearly 70 years. Researchers sought to determine the association of doses of radioactive iodine absorbed by organs or tissue with overall and site-specific cancer death. This analysis included 18,805 patients treated with radioactive iodine and with no history of cancer at the time of treatment. Researchers report a modest association between greater organ-absorbed doses of radioactive iodine and risk of death from solid cancer (a mass), including breast cancer. The study has limitations, including uncertainties in the organ dose estimates and a limited ability to detect significant associations for some outcomes because of a small number of cancer deaths and relatively small doses of radioactive iodine to organs other than the thyroid. More studies are needed to compare the risks and advantages of all major treatment options for patients with hyperthyroidism.

Authors: Cari M. Kitahara, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0981)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examines Changes in Health Equity in U.S. Over 25 Years

Posted June 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Frederick J. Zimmerman, Ph.D., email Carla Denly at cdenly@support.ucla.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: A survey study based on 25 years of data from more than 5.4 million people in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System suggests more work is needed on health equity in the United States. The study assessed health equity for healthy days and self-reported health, using a novel measure of health equity as well as the disparities gap between black and white individuals, income disparities and health justice (a measure of how health outcomes correlate with income, race/ethnicity and sex). National estimates of change from 1993 to 2017 suggest downward movement in average health; improvement in the disparities gap between black and white individuals; a decline in other measures of health equity and health justice; and worsening income disparities. The study has limitations in its data. Study authors suggest more or different approaches are needed to improve health equity.

Authors: Frederick J. Zimmerman, Ph.D., and Nathaniel W. Anderson, B.A., of the University of California, Los Angeles

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.5529)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Birth, Child Outcomes Associated With Moms Using Opioids During Pregnancy

Posted June 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Romuladus E. Azuine, Dr.P.H., M.P.H., R.N., email the Health Resources and Services Administration Press Office at press@hrsa.gov. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: In utero exposure to opioids was associated with higher risks for short- and long-term adverse outcomes including preterm birth and neurodevelopmental and physical health disorders in children. This observational study analyzed clinical and epidemiological data for a group of 8,509 mother-child pairs collected at birth starting in 1998, and 3,153 children who continued to be followed after birth up to age 21 years old. Of the 8,509 children, 454 (5.3%) had in utero opioid exposure, which was defined as maternal self-reported opioid use or a clinical diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome for a child. The study reports that in utero exposure to opioids was associated with a higher likelihood of being small for gestational age and preterm birth. In utero exposure to opioids also was associated with postnatal neurodevelopmental and physical disorders, including a higher likelihood of conduct disorder or emotional disturbance diagnoses, as well as lack of normal physiological development in children before age 6 years old, and later on, a higher likelihood of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Study limitations to consider include that mothers may have used other substances, such as alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and stimulants, which could have influenced the outcomes.

Authors: Romuladus E. Azuine, Dr.P.H., M.P.H., R.N., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405)

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Is Use of Social Media, Photo Editing Apps Associated With Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery?

Posted June 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Lisa E. Ishii, M.D., M.H.S., email email Michael Newman at mnewma25@jhmi.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An online survey study suggests how people feel about cosmetic surgery may be associated with what social media and photo editing apps they use. Most of the 252 survey participants were white and women, with an average age of almost 25, and had not previously undergone any cosmetic surgeries. Self-esteem and acceptance of cosmetic surgery attitudes were measured. YouTube and WhatsApp social media users had lower self-esteem scores than nonusers, as did photo editing platforms users of VSCO and Photoshop. Users of Tinder, Snapchat and Snapchat filters had higher overall acceptance of cosmetic surgery scores. These findings could help to inform discussions between patients and physicians regarding expectations and outcomes of cosmetic surgery. However, the results aren’t representative of most patients seeking cosmetic surgery because of the young age of survey participants.

Authors: Lisa E. Ishii, M.D., M.H.S., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0328)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Evaluation of USPSTF Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines for African American Smokers

Posted June 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Melinda C. Aldrich, Ph.D., email Craig Boerner at craig.boerner@vumc.org. The full study and a podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An observational study suggests the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lung cancer screening guidelines may be too conservative for African American smokers and that some eligibility criteria changes could result in more screenings of African American smokers at high risk for lung cancer. The study looked at new lung cancer cases in a predominantly low-income and African American population group to assess their eligibility for lung cancer screening using the USPSTF criteria. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. This study included 48,364 adults who ever smoked (67% were African American) and 1,269 new lung cancers were identified. Among the smokers, 17% of African American smokers were eligible for USPSTF screening compared with 31% of white smokers. The lower percentage of lung cancer cases eligible for screening among African American smokers was largely associated with fewer smoking pack-years (a measure of smoking) among African American smokers compared with white smokers. African Americans tend to smoke fewer cigarettes per day and tend to have a lower overall smoking pack-year history compared with white smokers. These study results suggest that lowering the smoking pack-year eligibility requirement from 30 to 20 pack years for African American smokers could increase the number of African American smokers eligible for screening. In addition, reducing the minimum age criterion for screening to 50 for African American smokers could further increase eligibility. The average age of a lung cancer diagnosis tends to be earlier for African American smokers compared with white smokers. This study has limitations to consider, including that smoking was self-reported and authors didn’t have information about actual lung cancer screening use.

Authors: Melinda C. Aldrich, Ph.D., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1402)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Test for Alzheimer Disease–Related β-Amyloid Status

Posted June 20, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media Advisory: The fully study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Sebastian Palmqvist, M.D., Ph.D., and Oskar Hansson, M.D., of Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1632)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Does Likelihood of Survival Differ Between Patients With Single vs. Multiple Primary Melanomas?

Posted June 24, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Mary-Ann El Sharouni, M.D., email m.a.elsharouni-2@umcutrecht.nl. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Patients with multiple primary melanomas had a higher likelihood of dying than those with a single primary melanoma in a study that used data from registries in the Netherlands. This observational study included nearly 57,000 patients (54,645 with a single primary melanoma and 2,284 with multiple primary melanomas). The study has limitations to consider, including a lack of information about family history and another possible limitation that researchers chose not to include melanoma in situ (when the disease is in its earliest form) because they analyzed features not related to it. The findings suggest the possibility that more strict follow-up may be warranted for patients with multiple primary melanomas.

Authors: Mary-Ann El Sharouni, M.D., University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1134)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Underage Sales Violations in Tobacco Stores, Vape Shops

Posted June 20, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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Authors: April Roeseler, B.S.M., M.S.P.H., of the California Department of Public Health in Sacramento, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1571)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and Dementia Risk

Posted June 20, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Carol A.C. Coupland, Ph.D., of the University of Nottingham in England, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0677)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Opioid Overdose More Likely if Family Member Has Opioid Prescription

Posted June 20, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joshua J. Gagne, Pharm.D., Sc.D., email Elaine St. Peter at estpeter@bwh.harvard.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Having a family member who was previously dispensed prescription opioids was associated with higher odds of overdose for individuals who themselves didn’t have an opioid prescription in this analysis of insurance company data. The study included 2,303 people with the earliest date of an opioid overdose in a family and 9,212 others in the insurance database for comparison. Researchers report the increased risk of opioid overdose for an individual if a family member was prescribed an opioid applied to all age groups and increased with greater quantities of opioids prescribed. Potential interventions include encouraging patients to properly dispose of or secure prescription opioids in their homes, as well as improving patient and public education. Limitations of the study include that the time period analyzed (through 2015) may not reflect current patterns of opioid prescribing or overdoses.

Authors: Joshua J. Gagne, Pharm.D., Sc.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1064)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is U.S. Immigration Policy Environment Associated With Mental Health Outcomes for U.S.-Born Teens of Immigrant Parents?

Posted June 20, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Brenda Eskenazi, Ph.D., email Kara Manke at kjmanke@berkeley.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The current immigration policy environment in America appears to be associated with reported adverse mental health outcomes among U.S.-born children of Latinx immigrants. Data were used from a group of 397 U.S.-born adolescents with at least one immigrant parent from a long-term study of Mexican farmworker families in the Salinas Valley of California. Researchers examined associations between adolescent self-reported concerns about immigration policy collected at age 16 on an assessment tool and changes in their mental and physical health before (when they were 14) and in the first year after the 2016 election (when they were 16). Nearly half of the Latinx adolescents were worried at least sometimes about the personal consequences of U.S. immigration policy, family separation because of deportation, and being reported to the immigration office. High (versus low or moderate) scores on the assessment about concerns over immigration policy were associated with higher anxiety and worse sleep scores. A limitation of the study to consider is that researchers didn’t know the immigration status of parents.

Author: Brenda Eskenazi, Ph.D., of the University of California, Berkeley, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1475)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Food Insecurity Associated With Migraine in Young U.S. Adults

Posted June 20, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Jason M. Nagata, M.D., M.Sc., email Suzanne Leigh at suzanne.leigh@ucsf.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Food insecurity is when you worry that your food will run out before you have enough money to buy more. This study used nationally representative data to examine the association between food insecurity and migraine in young U.S. adults because the economic and education transition of young adulthood may increase risk for food insecurity. The study included almost 14,800 young people (ages 24 to 32). Overall, 11% of young adults were food insecure, and migraine was more common among young adults who were food insecure. Food insecurity may lead to some migraine triggers, including missed meals, stress, depression and poor sleep. And, migraine may contribute to food insecurity by leading to poor attendance and productivity at work, resulting in lost employment. Researchers suggest clinicians screen for food insecurity among people with migraine.

Authors: James M. Nagata, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of California, San Francisco, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1663)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Looks at Opioid Use After Knee Surgery

Posted June 20, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author John Xerogeanes, M.D., email Elaine Justice at EJUSTIC@emory.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A small study looked at whether reducing the number of opioid tablets prescribed after knee surgery would reduce postoperative use and if preoperative opioid-use education would reduce it even more. The study included 264 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery at a single academic ambulatory surgery center. They were divided into three groups: 109 were prescribed 50 opioid tablets after surgery; 78 patients were prescribed 30 tablets and before surgery received education on appropriate opioid use and alternative pain control strategies; and 77 patients received 30 tablets and no education. Patients were surveyed about their opioid use three weeks after surgery. Researchers report patients who received 50 tablets consumed more tablets (an average of 25) and for more days (nearly 6) than those given 30 tablets and no education who consumed less (an average of about 16) and for fewer days (about 4½). Patients who received 30 tablets and preoperative education used fewer tablets (average of about 12) and for fewer days (about 3½) than patients who received 30 tablets but no opioid use education. A limitation of the study to consider is that was conducted at just one surgery center and the patient group was young.

Authors: John Xerogeanes, M.D., Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6125)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Estimate of Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Women in U.S.

Posted June 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study used nationally representative survey data to estimate nutrient intake from food and dietary supplements for about 1,000 pregnant women in the U.S. to see how it compared to recommendations from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes.

Authors: Regan L. Bailey, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., of Purdue University in Lafayette, Indiana, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6160)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Analysis of Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to UK Health Care Organizations in 2015

Posted June 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Authors: Piotr Ozieranski, Ph.D., of University of Bath in the United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6253)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Retinopathy Among Patients with Yellow Fever in Brazil

Posted June 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Daniel V. Vasconcelos-Santos, M.D., Ph.D., of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1956)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Eye Exams Common Among U.S. Adults But Some Disparities Persist

Posted June 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joshua R. Ehrlich, M.D., M.P.H., email Shantell Kirkendoll at smkirk@med.umich.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A substantial proportion of U.S. adults reported recently having an eye exam in this online survey study that included 2,013 adults ages 50 to 80. About 82% of those surveyed reported an eye exam in the past two years. Reasons for not getting an exam included not having eye problems, cost or lack of insurance. A limitation of the study is that adults with vision impairment may have been less likely to participate because the survey was administered online.

Authors: Joshua R. Ehrlich, M.D., M.P.H., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1927)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Rate of Memory Change Before and After Cancer Diagnosis

Posted June 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 21, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6160?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=062119

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study used a composite memory score to compare the rate of memory change among people with cancer before and after diagnosis with the rate of memory change among people who remained cancer free during an average follow-up of almost 12 years.

Authors: M. Maria Glymour, Sc.D., M.S., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6160)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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3 Articles Focus on Marijuana Use During Pregnancy, Outcomes for Mother, Infant

Posted June 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:45 P.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 2019

Media advisory: The full study, research letter and editorial are linked to this news release. These are being published to coincide with a meeting presentation.

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Original Investigation: Association Between Self-reported Prenatal Cannabis Use and Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2736583?guestAccessKey=488ef350-2589-4f25-b900-9b7ef51ae44d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=061819

Research Letter: Self-reported Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2736582?guestAccessKey=0fd8ac4c-b05c-4ae2-a209-5b7f31dcfea9&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=061819

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8734 and 10.1001/jama.2019.7982)

Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Barriers to Telehealth Programs and Dermatological Care for American Indian Communities

Posted June 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Matthew Tobey, M.D., M.P.H., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0872)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Certain Behaviors in Kindergarten Associated With Lower Adult Salary

Posted June 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sylvana M. Cote, Ph.D., email Julie Gazaille at j.cordeau-gazaille@umontreal.ca. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Inattention among kindergarteners was associated with lower earnings as adults in this study based on behavioral ratings from kindergarten teachers for 2,850 children in Canada at ages 5 or 6 and government tax returns for those same children as adults at ages 33 to 35. Researchers report that after accounting for IQ and family background, kindergarten inattention was associated with lower earning for boys and girls later in life, while kindergarten ratings of aggression and opposition (disobeying, refusing to share, blaming others) were associated with lower earnings only for boys. The results suggest early monitoring and support for children demonstrating certain behaviors could have long-term benefits. A limitation of the study is that it shows only associations and causal inferences can’t be made.

Authors: Sylvana M. Cote, Ph.D., Universite de Montreal, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1326)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Reports of Unprofessional Behavior by Surgeons and Risk of Complications for Patients

Posted June 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author William O. Cooper, M.D., M.P.H., email Craig Boerner at craig.boerner@vumc.org. The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This observational study looked at whether patients whose surgeons were more often reported by coworkers for unprofessional behavior were at greater risk of postoperative complications. The analysis included data from reports of unprofessional behavior by coworkers for 202 surgeons from two academic medical centers, as well as data on surgical and medical complications within 30 days of operation for 13,653 patients. Reported unprofessional behavior included concerns about poor or unsafe care, clear and respectful communication, and integrity. Among the patients, 1,583 (11.6%) experienced a complication. The study authors report patients whose surgeons had more reports by coworkers of unprofessional behavior were more likely to experience a complication. A limitation of the study to consider is that reporting of the observed behaviors may be subjective.

Author: William O. Cooper, M.D., M.P.H., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1738)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Associations Between Birth Defect, Childhood Cancer Risk Examined

Posted June 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 20, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Philip J. Lupo, Ph.D., M.P.H., email Dana Benson at benson@bcm.edu. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: A study of more than 10 million births across four states suggests children with chromosomal anomalies and those with nonchromsomal birth defects were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer than those children without, however the overall absolute risk of cancer was small at less than 1%. This study used pooled statewide data on births, birth defects and cancer from Texas, Arkansas, Michigan and North Carolina for children born from 1992 through 2013 and followed up to when they were 18 years old for a cancer diagnosis. Overall, nearly 540,000 children were diagnosed with at least one birth defect. Among children with nonchromosomal birth defects, an increasing number of birth defects was associated with a corresponding increase in the risk of cancer before age 18, although the absolute risk of developing cancer remained small because childhood cancer is a rare outcome. The authors of this study also examined specific birth defect-childhood cancer associations. Limitations of this observational study to be considered include a lack of uniformity among states in birth defect surveillance.

Authors: Philip J. Lupo, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1215)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Vitamin D Supplementation Not Associated With Reduced Cardiovascular Events

Posted June 17, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Mahmoud Barbarawi, M.D., email Sarina Gleason at Sarina.Gleason@cabs.msu.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study, called a meta-analysis, combined the results of 21 randomized clinical trials with about 83,000 patients to look at whether vitamin D supplementation was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease events such as heart attack or stroke. Some observational studies have suggested an association between low blood levels of vitamin D and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. This study reports that compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation wasn’t associated with a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke or death from cardiovascular disease) or overall death. The results were similar between different doses of vitamin D and for men and women. A limitation of the study is that the definition of major adverse cardiovascular events varied between the clinical trials.

Authors: Mahmoud Barbarawi, M.D., Michigan State University, Flint, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1870)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Association Between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Early Postprocedural Stroke

Posted June 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Samir R. Kapadia, M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.7525)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Association of Disease Definition, Comorbidity, Prognosis With Probability of Hip Fracture in Older Women

Posted June 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Members of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; Kristine E. Ensrud, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0682)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Industry Payments to Cath Lab Directors of Top U.S. Hospitals

Posted June 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and Editor’s Note are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Jeptha P. Curtis, M.D., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8775)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Youth, Adult Arrests for Cannabis Possession After Decriminalization, Legalization

Posted June 13, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Authors: Andrew D. Plunk, Ph.D., M.P.H., at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1539)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Changes in Obesity Among Low-Income Children Enrolled in WIC

Posted June 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Liping Pan, M.D., M.P.H., email CDC Media Relations at media@cdc.gov. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study looked at changes in overweight and obesity among low-income young children enrolled in the food assistance Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) from 2010 to 2016. The analysis included 12.4 million children 2 to 4 years old. Obesity declined between 2010 and 2016 to 13.9% from 15.9%; overweight and obesity combined declined to 29.1% from 32.5%. Declines were seen overall and in all age, sex and racial/ethnic subgroups. Reasons for the declines are unknown but could include WIC food package revisions, along with local, state and national initiatives. A limitation of the study is that fewer children were enrolled in WIC in recent years.

Authors: Liping Pan, M.D., M.P.H., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5051)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Compares Cognitive Outcomes in Patients With MS Based on Disease Onset

Posted June 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 17, 2019

Media Advisory: To contact corresponding author Jan Hillert, M.D., Ph.D., email jan.hillert@ki.se. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Adults who had pediatric-onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) before they were 18 were more likely to have greater cognitive consequences than patients who developed MS as adults. This study used Swedish registry data and included 5,704 patients with MS (300 of whom had pediatric-onset of the disease), and it compared test scores reflective of information-processing efficiency. Researchers report scores were lower, and declined faster, among patients with pediatric-onset MS compared to patients with adult-onset MS. Additionally, patients with pediatric-onset MS were more likely to experience cognitive impairment. Study limitations include misclassification of patients because the date of MS onset was largely based on self-reported symptoms.

Authors: Jan Hillert, M.D., Ph.D., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1546)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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