About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 2,375 adult survivors of childhood cancer and their sibling controls, new-onset memory impairment emerged more often in survivors decades after cancer diagnosis and treatment. The increased risk was associated with cancer treatment, modifiable health behaviors, and chronic health conditions.
Authors: Nicholas S. Phillips, M.D., Ph.D., of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16077)
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About The Study: The results of this study of 8,269 pediatric patients show disparities in central line–associated bloodstream infection rates for Black patients and patients who speak a language other than English that persisted after adjusting for known risk factors, suggesting that systemic racism and bias may play a role in inequitable hospital care for hospital-acquired infections. Stratifying outcomes to assess for disparities prior to quality improvement efforts may inform targeted interventions to improve equity.
Authors: Caitlin L. McGrath, M.D., of the University of Washington in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1379)
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About The Study: In this study of 30,465 adults without myocardial infarction (MI; heart attack), stroke, or dementia, overall, incident MI was not associated with an acute decrease in global cognition, memory, or executive function at the time of the event compared with no MI. The rate of decline in global cognition, memory, and executive function was significantly faster over the years for adults with an MI event compared with those without an MI. These findings suggest that prevention of MI may be important for long-term brain health.
Authors: Michelle C. Johansen, M.D., Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1331)
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About The Study: Use of and access to metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) have increased among U.S. youth and among most racial and ethnic groups. Compared with 2015-2019, MBS use in youths increased significantly in 2020-2021 during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, MBS rates in adults decreased in 2020.
Authors: Sarah E. Messiah, Ph.D., of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health—Dallas Campus, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0803)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Using survey data from across the United States, researchers found that volunteering was associated with higher odds of excellent or very good health and flourishing in children and adolescents, and with lower odds of anxiety in adolescents and behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
Authors: Kevin Lanza, Ph.D., of the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living in Austin, Texas, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15980)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study that included 1,979 women indicate that healthy sleep measured prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be protective against post–COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID. Future research should investigate whether interventions on sleep health may prevent PCC or improve PCC symptoms.
Authors: Siwen Wang, M.D., of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15885)
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About The Study: In this analysis of data from 9,764 participants in the RECOVER adult cohort, a prospective longitudinal cohort study, 37 symptoms across multiple pathophysiological domains were identified as present more often in SARS-CoV-2–infected participants at six months or more after infection compared with uninfected participants. A preliminary rule for identifying postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID, was derived based on a composite symptom score. As a first step to providing a framework for other investigations, iterative refinement that further incorporates other clinical features is needed to support actionable definitions of PASC.
Authors: Andrea S. Foulkes, Sc.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8823)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 438,000 UK Biobank participants, adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with reduced risk of a wide range of obesity-related diseases, but this association was modest in adults with obesity. The findings suggest that although a healthy lifestyle seems to be beneficial, it does not entirely offset the health risks associated with obesity.
Authors: Sebastien Czernichow, M.D., Ph.D., of the Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou in Paris, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14741)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of primary care patients in Ontario, Canada, eliminating out-of-pocket medication expenses for patients with cost-related nonadherence in primary care was associated with lower health care spending over three years. These findings suggest that eliminating out-of-pocket medication costs for patients could reduce overall costs of health care.
Authors: Nav Persaud, M.D., of the University of Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.1127)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study using data for 3.6 million births suggest that the Maternal Vulnerability Index (MVI), a novel county-level index designed to quantify maternal vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, was associated with preterm birth even after adjustment for individual-level confounders. The MVI is a useful measure for county-level preterm birth risk that may have policy implications for counties working to lower preterm rates and improve perinatal outcomes.
Authors: Sara C. Handley, M.D., M.S.C.E., Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15306)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this diagnostic study of 45 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 with typical development, a deep learning system trained on videos acquired using a joint attention–eliciting protocol for classifying ASD versus typical development and predicting ASD symptom severity showed high predictive performance. This new artificial intelligence–assisted approach based predictions on participants’ behavioral responses triggered by social cues. The findings suggest that this method may allow digital measurement of joint attention; however, follow-up studies are necessary for further validation.
Authors: Yu Rang Park, Ph.D., of the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, and Soon-Beom Hong, M.D., of the Seoul National University College of Medicine in Seoul, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15174)
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About The Study: In this Danish nationwide cohort study, overall risk of new-onset mental disorders in SARS-CoV-2–positive individuals did not exceed the risk among individuals with negative test results (except for those age 70 and older). However, when hospitalized, patients with COVID-19 had markedly increased risk compared with the general population, but comparable to risk among patients hospitalized for non–COVID-19 infections. Future studies should include even longer follow-up time and preferentially include immunological biomarkers to further investigate the impact of infection severity on postinfectious mental disorder sequelae.
Authors: Daniel Kondziella, M.D., D.M.Sc., Dr. Philos., of Rigshospitalet and the University of Copenhagen, and Michael E. Benros, M.D., of Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen, are the corresponding authors.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1265)
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About The Study: This study of 6.6 million individuals in Demark found that cannabis use disorder was associated with an increased risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. These findings may inform policies regarding the legal status and control of cannabis use.
Authors: Oskar Hougaard Jefsen, M.D., of Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry in Aarhus, Denmark, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1256)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study including 5,813 youths ages 10 to 19 who died of an assault-related firearm injury, socially vulnerable communities in the U.S. experienced a disproportionate number of assault-related firearm deaths among youths. Although stricter gun laws were associated with lower death rates in all communities, these gun laws did not equalize the consequences on a relative scale, and disadvantaged communities remained disproportionately impacted. While legislation is necessary, it may not be sufficient to solve the problem of assault-related firearm deaths among children and adolescents.
Authors: Deepika Nehra, M.D., of the University of Washington in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14863)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of women living in low-income areas, those who moved to a higher-income area between births experienced less morbidity and death in their second pregnancy, as did their newborns, compared with those who remained in low-income areas between births. Research is needed to determine whether financial incentives or enhancement of neighborhood factors can reduce adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Authors: Joel G. Ray, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15301)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Immunoglobin G and neutralizing antibody titer levels were associated with protection against infection with the Omicron variant and against symptomatic disease in this study that included 2,300 vaccinated health care workers in Israel.
Authors: Gili Regev-Yochay, M.D., of the Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan, Israel, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14757)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings in this study of nearly 1,700 midlife women without diabetes suggest that prediabetes was associated with risk of fracture. Future research should determine whether treating prediabetes reduces fracture risk.
Authors: Albert Shieh, M.D., of the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14835)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this quality improvement study involving 13,000 nursing homes suggest widespread underreporting of major injury falls and pressure ulcers, and underreporting was associated with the racial and ethnic composition of a facility. Alternative approaches to measuring quality need to be considered.
Authors: Prachi Sanghavi, Ph.D., of the University of Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14822)
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About The Study: In this study of 1,050 pregnant women and their neonates, vaginal human papillomavirus (HPV) was frequently detected in pregnant women. Perinatal transmission was infrequent, and in this cohort, no infection detected at birth persisted at six months. Although HPV was detected in placentas, it remains difficult to differentiate contamination versus true infection.
Authors: Helen Trottier, M.Sc., Ph.D., of the Universite de Montreal in Montreal, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1283)
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About The Study: Among 20 health outcomes that were monitored in near real time in this study including more than 3 million children ages 5 to 17 who received the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, a safety signal was identified for only myocarditis or pericarditis. Consistent with other published reports, these results provide additional evidence that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in children.
Authors: Steven A. Anderson, Ph.D., M.P.P., of the Food and Drug Administration in Silver Spring, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1440)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that trends in mental health diagnoses among children and adolescents in the U.S. differed greatly by age and sex over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Female youth, especially female adolescents, represented the most vulnerable population with regard to marked increases in the prevalence of mental health diagnoses during the pandemic, the most pronounced being the prevalence of eating disorders.
Authors: Loreen Straub, M.D., M.S., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14415)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this case-control surveillance study of more than 100,000 pregnancies, COVID-19 booster vaccination in pregnancy was not associated with spontaneous abortion. These findings support the safety of recommendations for COVID-19 booster vaccination, including in pregnant populations.
Authors: Elyse O. Kharbanda, M.D., M.P.H., of HealthPartners Institute in Minneapolis, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14350)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this decision analytical model, increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups was associated with decreased hospitalizations and school absenteeism in the pediatric population. These findings suggest that although COVID-19 prevention strategies often focus on older populations, the benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial.
Authors: Alison P. Galvani, Ph.D., of the Yale School of Public Health in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13586)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This survey study found that although there has been substantial policy attention around incentivizing COVID-19 vaccination, fewer than 1 in 10 vaccinated individuals in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults reported receiving an incentive. Most vaccinated respondents reported that an incentive did not make a difference in their decision-making to get the COVID-19 vaccine.
Authors: Laura J. Faherty, M.D., M.P.H., M.S.H.P., of the RAND Corporation in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13436)
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About The Study: In this cost-effectiveness analysis, provision of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids was associated with greater uptake of hearing intervention and was cost-effective over a range of prices so long as OTC hearing aids were greater than 55% as beneficial to patient quality of life as traditional hearing aids. Over-the-counter hearing aids may expand access to beneficial treatment for hearing loss and represent an efficient use of resources.
Authors: Gillian D. Sanders Schmidler, Ph.D., of the Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0949)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this cross-sectional analysis of 2,200 individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) suggest that employment status, sex, age, and depression are associated with pain frequency. Depression screening for these patients is warranted, especially among those experiencing higher pain frequency and severity. Comprehensive treatment and pain reduction must consider the full experiences of patients with SCD, including impacts on mental health.
Authors: Kelly M. Harris, Ph.D., C.C.C.-S.L.P., of the Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14070)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In a national panel survey of 2,000 respondents in 2022, approximately 1 in 5 older adults reported cost-related medication nonadherence. Real-time benefit tools may support medication cost conversations and cost-conscious prescribing, and patients are enthusiastic about their use. However, if disclosed prices are inaccurate, there is potential for harm through loss of confidence in the physician and nonadherence to prescribed medications.
Authors: Stacie B. Dusetzina, Ph.D., of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14211)
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About The Article: This Viewpoint from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discusses the prevalence of dengue infection in U.S. territories and opportunities to combat it, such as vaccines and novel vector control methods.
Authors: Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, M.D., M.P.H., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.8567)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 18.1 million beneficiaries of fee-for service Medicare found that, in contrast to in-person health services, receipt of medications for chronic conditions was relatively stable in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic overall, across racial and ethnic groups, and for community-dwelling patients with dementia. This finding of stability may hold lessons for other outpatient services during the next pandemic.
Authors: Nancy E. Morden, M.D., M.P.H., of the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth in Lebanon, New Hampshire, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13919)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This genetic association study including 39,000 participants with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD) and 401,000 control participants without AD found novel genetic associations between high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and high systolic blood pressure with higher risk of AD. These findings may inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention implementation.
Authors: Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, M.D., D.M.Sc., Ph.D., of Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this analysis of nationally representative survey data, the incidence of chronic pain was high compared with other chronic diseases and conditions for which the incidence in the U.S. adult population is known, including diabetes, depression, and hypertension. This comparison emphasizes the high disease burden of chronic pain in the U.S. adult population and the need for both prevention and early management of pain before it can become chronic, especially for groups at higher risk.
Authors: Richard L. Nahin, M.P.H., Ph.D., of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13563)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 5.1 million individuals suggested that supplementing COVID-19 claims records with Immunization Information Systems vaccination records substantially increased the number of individuals who were identified as vaccinated, yet potential under-recording remained. Improvements in reporting vaccination data to Immunization Information Systems infrastructures could allow frequent updates of vaccination status for all individuals and all vaccines.
Authors: Karen Schneider, Ph.D., of OptumServe Consulting in Falls Church, Virginia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13512)
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this diagnostic study involving 16 radiologists and 2,054 ultrasonographic images suggest that an optimized artificial intelligence (AI) strategy in thyroid nodule management may reduce diagnostic time-based costs without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy for senior radiologists, while the traditional all-AI strategy may still be more beneficial for junior radiologists.
Authors: Wei Wang, M.D., Ph.D., of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13674)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: According to two data sources, in 2018, the economic burden of health inequities for racial and ethnic minority populations (American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Latino, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations) was $421 billion or $451 billion and the economic burden of health inequities for adults without a 4-year college degree was $940 billion or $978 billion. The economic burden of health inequities is unacceptably high and warrants investments in policies and interventions to promote health equity for racial and ethnic minorities and adults with less than a 4-year college degree.
Authors: Darrell J. Gaskin, Ph.D., of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.5965)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This analysis of U.S. Census Bureau survey data found that rising inflation has become a significant source of stress, especially among women and those who were socioeconomically more vulnerable.
Authors: Cary Wu, Ph.D., of York University in Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13431)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: In this national population-based cohort study of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, researchers found that the distribution of MS in the United States has become more racially and ethnically diverse. White individuals continued to have the highest prevalence of MS followed by Black individuals, individuals from other races, and Hispanic individuals.
Authors: Mitchell T. Wallin, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1135)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: This study of 340,000 service members found that the risk of Parkinson disease was 70% higher in veterans who were stationed at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, during 1975-1985 when the water supply was contaminated with the solvent trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds. The findings suggest that exposure to trichloroethylene in water may increase the risk of Parkinson disease; millions worldwide have been and continue to be exposed to this ubiquitous environmental contaminant.
Authors: Samuel M. Goldman, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1168)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: Based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1999 through 2020, the Black population in the U.S. experienced more than 1.63 million excess deaths and more than 80 million excess years of life lost when compared with the white population. After a period of progress in reducing disparities, improvements stalled, and differences between the Black population and the white population worsened in 2020.
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, M.D., S.M., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.7022)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 14,400 febrile infants ages 8 to 60 days, the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis was lower for infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, particularly infants ages 29 to 60 days and those with normal inflammatory markers. These findings may help inform management of certain febrile infants who test positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Paul L. Aronson, M.D., M.H.S., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13354)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 2,165 adolescents from the Netherlands general population suggest that global brain volumetric measures did not differ between adolescents who reported gender diversity and those who did not. However, these findings further suggest that gender diversity in the general population correlates with specific brain morphologic features in the inferior temporal gyrus among youths who are assigned male at birth. Replication of these findings is necessary to elucidate the potential neurobiological basis of gender diversity in the general population.
Authors: Akhgar Ghassabian, M.D., Ph.D., of the New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13139)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this study of 307,000 neonates with very low birth weight, adoption of routine use of probiotics in neonatal intensive care units increased slowly from 2012 to 2019 and was associated with lower necrotizing enterocolitis risk but not with sepsis or mortality rates.
Authors: Leila Agha, Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0960)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: The number of U.S. cancer survivors with self-reported functional limitation has more than doubled during the past 20 years, with relatively less growth in the number of limitation-free survivors.
Authors: Vishal R. Patel, B.S., of the University of Texas at Austin, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1180)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 45,000 individuals drawn from the French general population, COVID-19–like symptoms, but not SARS-CoV-2 infection, during the first months of the pandemic were associated with an increased occurrence of subsequent depression and anxiety eight months or more after the occurrence of COVID-19–like symptoms, even when SARS-CoV-2 serologic test results were negative.
Authors: Alexandra Rouquette, M.D., Ph.D., of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in Paris, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12892)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:35 P.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 2023 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
About The Study: Lecanemab and associated ancillary services could add an estimated $2 billion to $5 billion annually to Medicare spending with substantial out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries lacking supplemental coverage, according to a cost analysis using nationally representative survey data. Lecanemab, an antidementia medication with modest clinical benefit, received accelerated Food and Drug Administration approval.
Authors: John N. Mafi, M.D., M.P.H., of the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1749)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
