About The Study: This analysis finds that COVID-19 and the drug overdose epidemic were major contributors to the widening gender gap in life expectancy (nearly six years) between women and men in recent years. Men experienced higher COVID-19 death rates for likely multifactorial reasons, including higher burden of comorbidities and differences in health behaviors and socioeconomic factors, such as labor force participation, incarceration, and homelessness. Differentially worsening mortality from diabetes, heart disease, homicide, and suicide suggest that chronic metabolic disease and mental illness may also contribute.
Authors: Brandon W. Yan, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6041)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Black women who reported experiences of interpersonal racism in situations involving employment, housing, and interactions with police appeared to have an increased risk of stroke, even after accounting for demographic and vascular risk factors, according to the results of this study including 48,000 Black women. These findings suggest that the high burden of racism experienced by Black U.S. women may contribute to racial disparities in stroke incidence.
Authors: Shanshan Sheehy, Sc.D., of Boston University, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43203)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Maternal mRNA vaccination was associated with a lower risk of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants up to six months of age only if the vaccine was given during the antenatal period in this study of 7,292 infants in Singapore. These findings suggest that mRNA vaccination during pregnancy may be needed for lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among newborns.
Authors: Orlanda Goh, M.B., B.S., M.P.H., of Singapore General Hospital in Singapore, and Chee Fu Yung, M.B.Ch.B., of KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Singapore, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42475)
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About The Study: There was a favorable evolution in smell and taste function throughout the observation period of this study, with taste dysfunction showing lower frequency and faster recovery compared with smell dysfunction in this analysis that included 88 cases and 88 controls. Recovery from smell dysfunction continued over the 3-year study period. At the 3-year study endpoint, smell dysfunction was comparable between both groups. Patients with post–COVID-19 condition exhibiting chemosensory alterations should be reassured that a recovery of smell function appears to continue over three years after initial infection.
Authors: Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, M.D., of the University of Trieste in Trieste, Italy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3603)
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About The Study: In this study including 3.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer, a significant deficit was noted in the number of cancer treatments provided in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Data indicated that this deficit in the number of cancer treatments provided was associated with decreases in the number of cancer diagnoses, not changes in treatment strategies.
Authors: Leticia M. Nogueira, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the American Cancer Society in Kennesaw, Georgia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4513)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Earlier onset of atrial fibrillation was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia in this study including 433,000 UK Biobank participants, highlighting the importance of monitoring cognitive function among patients with atrial fibrillation, especially those younger than 65 years at diagnosis.
Authors: Fanfan Zheng, Ph.D., of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, and Wuxiang Xie, Ph.D., of the Peking University First Hospital in Beijing, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42744)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study that included 3.4 million adults, co-administration of the BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with generally similar effectiveness in the community setting against COVID-19–related and seasonal influenza vaccine-related outcomes compared with giving each vaccine alone and may help improve uptake of both vaccines.
Authors: Leah J. McGrath, Ph.D., of Pfizer Inc., in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42151)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 185 women with breast cancer, high neighborhood deprivation was associated with differences in tissue DNA methylation and gene expression among Black women. These findings suggest that continued investment in public health interventions and policy changes at the neighborhood level may help to remedy biological alterations that could make minoritized populations more susceptible to chronic diseases.
Authors: Stefan Ambs, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41651)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries or periodontal-related disease, in adults. The USPSTF also concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries or periodontal-related disease, in adults. Dental caries (cavities) and periodontal disease (gum disease) are common and often untreated oral health conditions that affect eating, speaking, learning, smiling, and employment potential. Untreated oral health conditions can lead to tooth loss, irreversible tooth damage, and other serious adverse health outcomes.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21409)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents ages 5 to 17. The USPSTF also concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents ages 5 to 17. Untreated oral health conditions in children can lead to serious infections and affect growth, development, and quality of life.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21408)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Society of Human Genetics 2023 Annual Meeting.
About The Study: The findings of this diagnostic study including 43,000 individuals undergoing hereditary cancer testing demonstrate that the ability to perform RNA sequencing concurrently with DNA sequencing represents an important advancement in germline genetic testing by improving detection of novel variants and classification of existing variants. This expands the identification of individuals with hereditary cancer predisposition and increases opportunities for personalization of therapeutics and surveillance.
Authors: Rachid Karam, M.D., Ph.D., of Ambry Genetics in Aliso Viejo, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5586)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this study of a nationally representative sample of 7,062 non-Hispanic Black or white adults, health care spending for Black adults in the U.S. was equal to or less than that of white adults, but only in areas of racial and economic equity and equitable insurance access. The results underscore the continuing need to recognize place as a contributor to race-based differences in health care spending.
Authors: Lorraine T. Dean, Sc.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.3798)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 414,000 respondents to the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey suggest that e-cigarette use remained common during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among young adults ages 18 to 24 (18% prevalence). Notably, 71.5% of individuals ages 18 to 20 who reported current e-cigarette use had never used combustible cigarettes. These results underscore the rationale for the implementation and enforcement of public health policies tailored to young adults.
Authors: Michael J. Blaha, M.D., M.P.H., of the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40859)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at Kidney Week 2023.
About The Study: A novel multicomponent intervention designed to target several barriers that prevent eligible patients from completing key steps toward receiving a kidney transplant did not significantly increase the rate of completed steps in this randomized clinical trial that included 20,375 patients from 26 chronic kidney disease programs. Improving access to transplantation remains a global priority that requires substantial effort.
Authors: Amit X. Garg, M.D., Ph.D., of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5802)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In a population-based study of 6,790 adult patients with emergency medical services–treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from a U.S. metropolitan system, the incidence of overdose related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increased significantly from 2015 to 2021. The greatest increase was observed among patients with a combined stimulant-opioid OHCA. Presentation and outcome differed according to the drug-specific profile. The combination of increasing incidence and lower survival among patients with an opioid-stimulant OHCA supports prevention and treatment initiatives that consider the drug-specific profile.
Authors: Neal A. Chatterjee, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Washington in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41921)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that maintenance immunosuppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in solid organ transplant recipients. These results should be considered by clinicians treating transplant recipients and may help inform epidemic-related decisions for this population in the future.
Authors: Epiphane Kolla, M.D., M.P.H., of French National Health Insurance in Saint-Denis, France, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42006)
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that the risk of developing breast cancer after a false-positive mammography result differs by individual characteristics and follow-up. These findings can be used to develop individualized risk-based breast cancer screening after a false-positive result.
Authors: Xinhe Mao, M.Sc., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4519)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 274 midlife women, greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were associated with higher carotid atherosclerosis and, among women who were APOEɛ4 carriers, greater brain small vessel disease and poorer cognitive performance. These findings point to the adverse implications of PTSD symptoms for cardiovascular and neurocognitive health among women in midlife, particularly for women who are APOEɛ4 carriers.
Authors: Rebecca C. Thurston, Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41388)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this meta-analysis of 83 neuroimaging studies of adversity exposure and brain function, prior adversity exposure was associated with altered adult brain reactivity to diverse challenges. These results might better identify how adversity diminishes the ability to cope with later stressors and produces enduring susceptibility to mental health problems.
Authors: Niki Hosseini-Kamkar, Ph.D., of the Royal Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40018)
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About The Study: Although the prevalence of severely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has declined, 1 in 17 U.S. adults still have LDL-C levels of 160 to 189 mg/dL and 1 in 48 adults have LDL-C levels of 190 mg/dL or greater. Among those with an LDL-C of 190 mg/dL or greater, 1 in 4 are unaware and untreated, with a higher proportion for an LDL-C of 160 to 189 mg/dL. These gaps disproportionately affect non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and socioeconomically disadvantaged persons, contributing to disparities in outcomes.
Authors: Salim S. Virani, M.D., Ph.D., of Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.3931)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of 2,433 women who received in vitro fertilization treatment suggest that delaying frozen embryo transfer for at least six months after a preceding clinical pregnancy loss was associated with beneficial pregnancy outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Authors: Daimin Wei, M.D., Ph.D., of Shandong University in Jinan, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40709)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Robust available data support the use of face masks in community settings to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and should inform future responses to epidemics and pandemics caused by respiratory viruses.
Authors: Shama Cash-Goldwasser, M.D., M.P.H., of Resolve to Save Lives in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39443)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that race and ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage are associated with hearing-related quality of life in deaf or hard-of-hearing children. The neighborhood association was seen most broadly in children older than 13 years.
Authors: Dylan K. Chan, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40934)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this imaging study that included 54 athletes, higher levels of 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) that mark brain injury and repair were found in former National Football League (NFL) players compared with former non-collision sport athletes. The NFL players also had lower performance in learning and memory. These findings suggest that further tracking of TSPO levels in relation to neuropsychological performance over time is needed to understand whether these signs persist, progress, and/or warrant neuroimmune-modulating interventions.
Authors: Jennifer M. Coughlin, M.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40580)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: High blood pressure variability indicated increased lifetime dementia risk in late life but not in midlife in this study that included 820 adults monitored for an average time of 32 years. This result suggests that high blood pressure variability may indicate increased dementia risk in older age but might be less viable as a midlife dementia prevention target.
Authors: Jan Willem van Dalen, Ph.D., of the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40249)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings in this study of 637 callers to safe abortion hotlines and accompaniment groups in Argentina, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia suggest that misoprostol alone is a highly effective method of pregnancy termination. Future research should explore strategies to maximize the effectiveness of misoprostol alone in clinical and nonclinical settings.
Authors: Ruvani Jayaweera, Ph.D., of Ibis Reproductive Health in Oakland, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40042)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This 6-month randomized clinical trial involving 75 adults with type 2 diabetes found that a time-restricted eating diet strategy without calorie counting was effective for weight loss and lowering of hemoglobin A1c levels compared with daily calorie counting. These findings will need to be confirmed by larger RCTs with longer follow-up.
Authors: Krista A. Varady, Ph.D., of the University of Illinois Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39337)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of 41 large U.S. children’s hospitals suggest that bronchiolitis hospitalizations decreased transiently and then increased markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Patients admitted during the pandemic era were older and were more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit. These findings suggest that bronchiolitis seasonality has not yet returned to pre-pandemic patterns, and hospitals should prepare for the possibility of atypical timing again in 2023.
Authors: Jonathan H. Pelletier, M.D., of Akron Children’s Hospital in Akron, Ohio, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39884
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This survey study of attitudes of 1,005 parents of children and adolescents ages 9 to 15 revealed both perceived benefits (e.g., family connectedness) and concerns (e.g., cyberbullying, addiction) of internet use. Twice as many parents reported specific concerns about internet addiction than substance addiction.
Authors: Michael Peter Milham, M.D., Ph.D., of the Child Mind Institute in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39851
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study with 9,479 participants, racial and ethnic survival disparities were identified in patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving standardized initial care, and potentially at-risk subgroups, for whom focused interventions may improve outcomes, were found.
Authors: Erica T. Warner, Sc.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39584
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Terminating metformin treatment was associated with increased dementia incidence in this study of 12,000 early terminators and 29,000 routine users of metformin. This finding may have important implications for clinical treatment of adults with diabetes and provides additional evidence that metformin is associated with reduced dementia risk.
Authors: Sarah F. Ackley, Ph.D., of Boston University, Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39723)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Lives 2023 36th Annual Congress.
About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial involving 126 patients do not support the use of the very short-acting beta-blocker landiolol for managing patients with tachycardia treated with norepinephrine for established septic shock.
Authors: Tony Whitehouse, M.D., of Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20134)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Lives 2023 36th Annual Congress.
About The Study: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, vitamin C had low probability of improving the primary composite outcome of organ support–free days and hospital survival in two harmonized randomized clinical trials.
Authors: Neill K. J. Adhikari, M.D.C.M., M.Sc., of the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, and Francois Lamontagne, M.D., M.Sc., of the Universite de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Canada, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21407)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Lives 2023 36th Annual Congress.
About The Study: In a randomized clinical trial including 524 trauma patients receiving mechanical ventilation with risk factors for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, the addition of sigh breaths did not significantly increase ventilator-free days. Prespecified secondary outcome data suggest that sighs are well-tolerated and may improve clinical outcomes.
Authors: Richard K. Albert, M.D., of the University of Colorado, Denver, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21739)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Gastroenterology 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting.
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About The Study: In a clinical trial that included 8,920 participants, a noninvasive, multitarget stool RNA test (ColoSense) for colorectal cancer screening showed high sensitivity for colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma) with significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the fecal immunochemical test. Specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was comparable to existing molecular diagnostic tests.
Authors: Erica K. Barnell, M.D., Ph.D., of the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.22231)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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