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Comparison of Resuscitation Quality in Simulated Pediatric and Adult Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
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Incidence of Primary End Point Changes Among Active Cancer Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials
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Receipt of Medications for Chronic Disease During the First 2 Years of COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 18.1 million beneficiaries of fee-for service Medicare found that, in contrast to in-person health services, receipt of medications for chronic conditions was relatively stable in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic overall, across racial and ethnic groups, and for community-dwelling patients with dementia. This finding of stability may hold lessons for other outpatient services during the next pandemic.
Authors: Nancy E. Morden, M.D., M.P.H., of the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth in Lebanon, New Hampshire, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13919)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Genetic Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051723
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This genetic association study including 39,000 participants with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD) and 401,000 control participants without AD found novel genetic associations between high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and high systolic blood pressure with higher risk of AD. These findings may inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention implementation.
Authors: Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, M.D., D.M.Sc., Ph.D., of Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Patterns of Manufacturer Coupon Use for Prescription Drugs
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Physicians’ Discussions With Patients About Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches
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Estimated Rates of Incident and Persistent Chronic Pain Among US Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this analysis of nationally representative survey data, the incidence of chronic pain was high compared with other chronic diseases and conditions for which the incidence in the U.S. adult population is known, including diabetes, depression, and hypertension. This comparison emphasizes the high disease burden of chronic pain in the U.S. adult population and the need for both prevention and early management of pain before it can become chronic, especially for groups at higher risk.
Authors: Richard L. Nahin, M.P.H., Ph.D., of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13563)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Use of Immunization Information Systems in Ascertainment of COVID-19 Vaccinations for Claims-Based Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness Studies
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 5.1 million individuals suggested that supplementing COVID-19 claims records with Immunization Information Systems vaccination records substantially increased the number of individuals who were identified as vaccinated, yet potential under-recording remained. Improvements in reporting vaccination data to Immunization Information Systems infrastructures could allow frequent updates of vaccination status for all individuals and all vaccines.
Authors: Karen Schneider, Ph.D., of OptumServe Consulting in Falls Church, Virginia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13512)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Integration of AI Decision Aids to Reduce Workload and Enhance Efficiency in Thyroid Nodule Management
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this diagnostic study involving 16 radiologists and 2,054 ultrasonographic images suggest that an optimized artificial intelligence (AI) strategy in thyroid nodule management may reduce diagnostic time-based costs without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy for senior radiologists, while the traditional all-AI strategy may still be more beneficial for junior radiologists.
Authors: Wei Wang, M.D., Ph.D., of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13674)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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The Economic Burden of Racial, Ethnic, and Educational Health Inequities in the US
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: According to two data sources, in 2018, the economic burden of health inequities for racial and ethnic minority populations (American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Latino, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations) was $421 billion or $451 billion and the economic burden of health inequities for adults without a 4-year college degree was $940 billion or $978 billion. The economic burden of health inequities is unacceptably high and warrants investments in policies and interventions to promote health equity for racial and ethnic minorities and adults with less than a 4-year college degree.
Authors: Darrell J. Gaskin, Ph.D., of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.5965)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Assessment of Sociodemographics and Inflation-Related Stress
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 15, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This analysis of U.S. Census Bureau survey data found that rising inflation has become a significant source of stress, especially among women and those who were socioeconomically more vulnerable.
Authors: Cary Wu, Ph.D., of York University in Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13431)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Shifting Epidemiology, Severity of RSV in Children During Pandemic
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Efficacy of a Vibrating Crib Mattress to Reduce Pharmacologic Treatment in Opioid-Exposed Newborns
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Global Variations in Heart Failure Etiology, Management, and Outcomes
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Association of a Housing Mobility Program With Childhood Asthma Symptoms and Exacerbations
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Population-Based Estimates for the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the US
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 15, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1135?guestAccessKey=36b0723d-0001-49e7-82cd-02ba388fbfd2&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051523
About The Study: In this national population-based cohort study of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, researchers found that the distribution of MS in the United States has become more racially and ethnically diverse. White individuals continued to have the highest prevalence of MS followed by Black individuals, individuals from other races, and Hispanic individuals.
Authors: Mitchell T. Wallin, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1135)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Risk of Parkinson Disease Among Service Members at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 15, 2023
Media advisory: The full study, editorial and a News From the JAMA Network article are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study of 340,000 service members found that the risk of Parkinson disease was 70% higher in veterans who were stationed at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, during 1975-1985 when the water supply was contaminated with the solvent trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds. The findings suggest that exposure to trichloroethylene in water may increase the risk of Parkinson disease; millions worldwide have been and continue to be exposed to this ubiquitous environmental contaminant.
Authors: Samuel M. Goldman, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1168)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 16, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1999 through 2020, the Black population in the U.S. experienced more than 1.63 million excess deaths and more than 80 million excess years of life lost when compared with the white population. After a period of progress in reducing disparities, improvements stalled, and differences between the Black population and the white population worsened in 2020.
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, M.D., S.M., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.7022)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Mental Health Care Use Among Children and Adolescents With High Health Care Costs in Ontario, Canada
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Effect of Immediate Referral vs Brief Problem-solving Intervention for Screen-Detected Peripartum Depression
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Neurocognitive Analysis of Low-level Arsenic Exposure and Executive Function Mediated by Brain Anomalies
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Perspectives on the Intersection of EHRs and Health Care Team Communication, Function, and Well-being
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Physician EHR Use After Changes in Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Documentation Requirements
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Prevalence of UTI, Bacteremia, and Meningitis Among Febrile Infants With SARS-CoV-2
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 14,400 febrile infants ages 8 to 60 days, the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteremia, and bacterial meningitis was lower for infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, particularly infants ages 29 to 60 days and those with normal inflammatory markers. These findings may help inform management of certain febrile infants who test positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Paul L. Aronson, M.D., M.H.S., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13354)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Gender Diversity and Brain Morphology Among Adolescents
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 2,165 adolescents from the Netherlands general population suggest that global brain volumetric measures did not differ between adolescents who reported gender diversity and those who did not. However, these findings further suggest that gender diversity in the general population correlates with specific brain morphologic features in the inferior temporal gyrus among youths who are assigned male at birth. Replication of these findings is necessary to elucidate the potential neurobiological basis of gender diversity in the general population.
Authors: Akhgar Ghassabian, M.D., Ph.D., of the New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13139)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Hospital Adoption of Probiotics With Outcomes Among Neonates With Very Low Birth Weight
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this study of 307,000 neonates with very low birth weight, adoption of routine use of probiotics in neonatal intensive care units increased slowly from 2012 to 2019 and was associated with lower necrotizing enterocolitis risk but not with sepsis or mortality rates.
Authors: Leila Agha, Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0960)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Neighborhood Deprivation and Association With Neonatal ICU Mortality and Morbidity for Extremely Premature Infants
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Clinical Features and Risk Factors Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With Cancer and COVID-19
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Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity With and Without Artificial Intelligence in India
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Incidence of Eye Trauma in Children Associated With Foam Bullets or Foam Darts From Nonpowder Guns
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Analysis of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Myopia Among Children Ages 6 to 8
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Trends in the Prevalence of Functional Limitations Among Cancer Survivors
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1180?guestAccessKey=f96c4339-16e8-42d3-af5d-e11c7a1e5e92&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051123
About The Study: The number of U.S. cancer survivors with self-reported functional limitation has more than doubled during the past 20 years, with relatively less growth in the number of limitation-free survivors.
Authors: Vishal R. Patel, B.S., of the University of Texas at Austin, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1180)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Comparison of Depression and Anxiety Following Self-reported COVID-19–Like Symptoms vs SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12892?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=051123
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 45,000 individuals drawn from the French general population, COVID-19–like symptoms, but not SARS-CoV-2 infection, during the first months of the pandemic were associated with an increased occurrence of subsequent depression and anxiety eight months or more after the occurrence of COVID-19–like symptoms, even when SARS-CoV-2 serologic test results were negative.
Authors: Alexandra Rouquette, M.D., Ph.D., of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in Paris, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12892)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Estimated Annual Spending on Lecanemab and Its Ancillary Costs in the Medicare Program
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:35 P.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 2023 Society of General Internal Medicine Annual Meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1749?guestAccessKey=858dd927-1a6d-4299-a6a8-9d6998732430&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051123
About The Study: Lecanemab and associated ancillary services could add an estimated $2 billion to $5 billion annually to Medicare spending with substantial out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries lacking supplemental coverage, according to a cost analysis using nationally representative survey data. Lecanemab, an antidementia medication with modest clinical benefit, received accelerated Food and Drug Administration approval.
Authors: John N. Mafi, M.D., M.P.H., of the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1749)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Associations Between Symptoms of Premenstrual Disorders and Polygenic Liability for Major Psychiatric Disorders
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Automated Assessment of Cardiac Systolic Function From Coronary Angiograms With Video-Based Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
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Efficacy of Integrated Online Mindfulness and Self-compassion Training for Adults With Atopic Dermatitis
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A Traitlike Dimension of Subjective Memory Concern Over 30 Years Among Adult Male Twins
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Fighting and Penalty Minutes Associated With Long-term Mortality Among National Hockey League Players
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Intimate Partner Violence Circumstances for Fatal Violence in the US
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Analysis of BMI in Early and Middle Adulthood and Estimated Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 10, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this secondary analysis of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, overweight and obese body mass index (BMI) in early and middle adulthood was associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer and non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancers. The results of the current study prompt further exploration into the mechanistic role of obese BMI in carcinogenesis.
Authors: Holli A. Loomans-Kropp, Ph.D., M.P.H., of Ohio State University in Columbus, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10002)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Investigating Social Media to Evaluate Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Emotional Well-being During COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 10, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, key thematic shifts and increases in language related to anxiety, anger, depression, and loneliness were identified in the content posted on social media by academic emergency medicine physicians and resident physicians during the pandemic. Social media may provide a real-time and evolving landscape to evaluate thematic content and linguistics related to emotions and sentiment for health care workers.
Authors: Anish K. Agarwal, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., of the Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12708)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Significant Incidental Findings in the National Lung Screening Trial
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Perspectives of Rare Disease Experts on Newborn Genome Sequencing
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Racial Disparities in Length of Stay Among Severely Ill Patients Presenting With Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Failure
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Excess Mortality in the VA Health System vs the US Population in Year 1 of the Pandemic
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Maternal Opioid Use Disorder and the Risk of Postneonatal Infant Mortality
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 8, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1047?guestAccessKey=6c1af914-3f2d-43b3-8e06-292ca1609bf1&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050823
About The Study: In this study of 390,000 infants, those born to individuals with opioid use disorder or with a neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome diagnosis had an increased risk of postneonatal infant mortality. Future work is necessary to create and evaluate supportive interventions for individuals with opioid use disorder during and after pregnancy to reduce adverse outcomes.
Authors: Margaret A. Adgent, Ph.D., M.S.P.H., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.1047)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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National Trends in Pediatric Deaths From Fentanyl
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 8, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Mirroring trends seen among adults, pediatric deaths from fentanyl began to increase substantially in 2013, resulting in a more than 30-fold increase in mortality between 2013 and 2021. A surge that began in 2018 has led to a nearly 3-fold increase in deaths among older adolescents and a nearly 6-fold increase among children younger than 5 years. Across age groups, annual deaths peaked in 2020 and 2021, suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this public health crisis.
Authors: Julie R. Gaither, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.N., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0793)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Ransomware Attack Associated With Disruptions at Adjacent Emergency Departments
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 8, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12270?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050823
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that hospitals adjacent to health care delivery organizations affected by ransomware attacks may see increases in patient census and may experience resource constraints affecting time-sensitive care for conditions such as acute stroke. These findings suggest that targeted hospital cyberattacks may be associated with disruptions of health care delivery at nontargeted hospitals within a community and should be considered a regional disaster.
Authors: Christian Dameff, M.D., M.S., of the University of California, San Diego, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12270)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in Deaths From Falls Among Adults Age 65 or Older
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 9, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Between 1999 and 2020, deaths coded as being caused by falls among adults age 65 or older in the U.S. increased in number and rates for the overall population and for every population subgroup, although the magnitude of the increase varied. However, the relative ranking of the different groups has not changed over time.
Authors: Alexis R. Santos-Lozada, Ph.D., of Pennsylvania State University in University Park, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.3054)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Efficacy, Safety of Mifepristone in the Treatment of Male Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Assessment of Medical Cannabis and Health-Related Quality of Life
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 9, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12522?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050923
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, patients using medical cannabis reported improvements in health-related quality of life, which were mostly sustained over time. Adverse events were rarely serious but common, highlighting the need for caution with prescribing medical cannabis.
Authors: Thomas R. Arkell, Ph.D., of the Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12522)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Inequalities in Exposure to Firearm Violence by Race, Sex, and Birth Cohort From Childhood to Age 40 Years
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Workplace Psychosocial Resources and Risk of Sleep Disturbances Among Employees
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Changes in Minoxidil Prescribing After Media Attention About Oral Use for Hair Loss
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Medical and End-of-Life Decision-Making Preferences in Adolescents and Young Adults with Advanced Heart Disease and Their Parents
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Assessment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas in French Polynesia After Atmospheric Nuclear Tests Performed by France
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Diabetes Care Barriers, Use, and Health Outcomes in Younger Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
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Treatment Disparities in Radiation and Hormone Therapy Among Women With Medicaid vs Private Insurance
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0673?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050523
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Perceived Cognitive Deficits in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 and Their Association With Long COVID
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 5, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11974?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050523
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 766 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection suggest that patient-reported perceived cognitive deficits in the first 4 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with post–COVID-19 condition (PCC; colloquially known as long COVID) symptoms and that there may be an affective component to PCC in some patients. The underlying reasons for PCC merit additional exploration.
Authors: Neil Wenger, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11974)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Pre-diagnosis Smoking Cessation and Overall Survival Among Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MAY 5, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of patients with non–small cell lung cancer, quitting smoking early was associated with lower mortality following a lung cancer diagnosis, and the association of smoking history with overall survival may have varied depending on clinical stage at diagnosis, potentially owing to the differing treatment regimens and efficacy associated with smoking exposure following diagnosis. Detailed smoking history collection should be incorporated into future epidemiological and clinical studies to improve lung cancer prognosis and treatment selection.
Authors: David C. Christiani, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., of Harvard University in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11966)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Food Deserts, Food Swamps With Obesity-Related Cancer Mortality
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Sponsorship in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery – A Pathway to Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
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Factors Associated With Health Care Professionals’ Choice to Practice in Rural Minnesota
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Association of Biomarker-Based AI With Risk of Racial Bias in Retinal Images
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 4, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1310?guestAccessKey=07062f50-e1e2-4449-8b40-99d6fbff6629&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050423
About The Study: Results of this diagnostic study including 4,095 retinal fundus images collected from 245 neonates suggest that it can be very challenging to remove information relevant to self-reported race from fundus photographs. As a result, AI algorithms trained on fundus photographs have the potential for biased performance in practice, even if based on biomarkers rather than raw images. Regardless of the methodology used for training AI, evaluating performance in relevant subpopulations is critical.
Authors: J. Peter Campbell, M.D., M.P.H., of the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1310)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Adherence to Lifestyle Recommendations and Breast Cancer Recurrence Prevention
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MAY 4, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this observational study of 1,340 women with high-risk breast cancer, strongest collective adherence to cancer prevention lifestyle recommendations was associated with significant reductions in disease recurrence and mortality. Education and implementation strategies to help patients adhere to cancer prevention recommendations throughout the cancer care continuum may be warranted in breast cancer.
Authors: Rikki A. Cannioto, Ph.D., Ed.D., of the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11673)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Perception and Awareness of Diabetes Risk and Reported Risk-Reducing Behaviors in Adolescents
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Efficacy, Safety of a Protein-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
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Nondisordered Cannabis Use Among Adolescents
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Association Between Depression and Physical Conditions Requiring Hospitalization
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0777?guestAccessKey=5c50825e-9542-4cef-ac8a-1a85a9de46b4&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050323
About The Study: In this study that included 240,000 individuals, the most common causes of hospitalization in people with depression were endocrine, musculoskeletal, and vascular diseases, not psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that depression should be considered as a target for the prevention of physical and mental disease.
Authors: Philipp Frank, Ph.D., of University College London, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0777)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immunity
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary data from 40 studies suggest that the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against laboratory-confirmed Omicron or Delta infection and symptomatic disease rapidly wanes over time after the primary vaccination cycle and booster dose. These results can inform the design of appropriate targets and timing for future vaccination programs.
Authors: Piero Poletti, Ph.D., of the Bruno Kessler Foundation in Trento, Italy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10650)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Prostate Cancer in Transgender Women in the VA Health System
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:30 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 2023 American Urological Association Annual Meeting.
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About The Study: This case series demonstrated that prostate cancer occurs in transgender women and is not as rare as published case reports might suggest. However, rates were lower than expected based on prior prostate cancer incidence estimates in cisgender male veterans.
Authors: Farnoosh Nik-Ahd, M.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.6028)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Prednisone vs Placebo and Live Birth in Patients With Recurrent IVF Implantation Failure
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Availability, Cost, Consumer Ratings of Validated vs Non-validated Blood Pressure Devices
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Perspectives of Youths on the Ethical Use of AI in Health Care Research and Clinical Care
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Factors Associated With Improvement in Women’s Physical Health During Midlife
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NIH Funding Requirements for Diversity Among Medical Scientist Training Program
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USPSTF Recommendation Statement on Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in populations at increased risk. Populations at increased risk for LTBI based on increased prevalence of active disease and increased risk of exposure include persons who were born in, or are former residents of, countries with high tuberculosis prevalence and persons who live in, or have lived in, high-risk congregate settings (e.g., homeless shelters or correctional facilities). The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the U.S. is difficult to determine; however, estimated prevalence is about 5.0%, or up to 13 million persons. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this recommendation replaces and is consistent with its 2016 recommendation on LTBI screening.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4899)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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Physical Activity Trajectories and Functional Recovery After Stroke
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 1, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of 1,300 participants suggest that increased physical activity was associated with functional recovery 6 months after stroke. Interventions targeting individuals with decreasing physical activity in the subacute phase of stroke may play a role in improved functional outcomes.
Authors: Dongni Buvarp, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg, Sweden, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10919)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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National Trends in Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Youth
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Over the last 10 years, the proportion of pediatric emergency department visits for mental health reasons have approximately doubled, including a 5-fold increase in suicide-related visits. These findings underscore an urgent need to improve crisis and emergency mental health service capacity for young people, especially for children experiencing suicidal symptoms.
Authors: Greg Rhee, Ph.D., of the University of Connecticut School of Medicine in Farmington, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4809)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Changes in Depression, Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents From Before to During Pandemic
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MAY 1, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 longitudinal studies including more than 40,000 children and adolescents across 12 countries found an increase in depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female individuals and those from relatively higher-income backgrounds. Anxiety symptoms increased slightly during the pandemic. These findings can inform policy and public health responses to address mental health concerns.
Authors: Sheri Madigan, Ph.D., of the University of Calgary in Calgary, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Community Health Workers in Early Childhood Well-Child Care for Medicaid-Insured Children
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 30, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the Pediatric Academic Societies 2023 meeting.
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About The Study: The intervention examined in this randomized clinical trial resulted in improvements in the receipt of preventive care services versus usual care for children insured by Medicaid by incorporating community health workers in a team-based approach to early childhood well-child care.
Authors: Tumaini R. Coker, M.D., M.B.A., of Seattle Children’s Research Institute in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.7197)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Outcomes of Cumulative Impact Exposure on Oculomotor Functioning in Professional Motorsport Drivers
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Risk Factors for Traumatic Brain Injury and Guidelines for Requesting CT Scan After Pediatric Head Trauma
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Helpfulness of Question Prompt Sheet for Patient-Physician Communication Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
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COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that most of the national decrease in racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality between the initial and Omicron waves was explained by increased mortality among non-Hispanic white adults and changes in the geographic spread of the pandemic. These findings suggest that despite media reports of a decline in disparities, there is a continued need to prioritize racial health equity in the pandemic response.
Authors: Andrew C. Stokes, Ph.D., of the Boston University School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11098)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Virtual Care and Emergency Department Use During Pandemic Among Patients of Family Physicians
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Comparative Effectiveness of 2 Interventions to Increase Breast, Cervical, Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Women in Rural US
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Abortion Policy Positions of Federal Legislators Who Received Support From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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Trends in Abortion-Related Internet Searches After the Supreme Court Decision
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Comparison of Research Spending on New Drug Approvals by NIH vs Pharmaceutical Industry
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Treatment of Children With ADHD
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of children with parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that most were not receiving ADHD medications and had never received outpatient mental health care. Gaps in treatment, which were not directly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, underscore the challenges of improving communication and access to outpatient mental health care for children with ADHD.
Authors: Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H., of Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10999)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health Care Utilization During the Pandemic Among Individuals Born Preterm
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, children and young adults born preterm were more likely to have used health care related to COVID-19 concerns compared with their term-born peers, independent of a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or asthma. Further exploration of factors associated with COVID-19–related health care use may facilitate refinement of care models.
Authors: Elisabeth C. McGowan, M.D., of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10696)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Comparing Physician and AI Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and related articles are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838?guestAccessKey=cc017939-cb8d-4cf0-bf64-11492a83ade0&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042823
About The Study: In this study of 195 randomly drawn patient questions from a social media forum, a team of licensed health care professionals compared physician’s and chatbot’s responses. The chatbot responses were preferred over physician responses and rated significantly higher for both quality and empathy. Further exploration of this technology is warranted in clinical settings, such as using chatbot to draft responses that physicians could then edit. Randomized trials could assess further if using AI assistants might improve responses, lower clinician burnout, and improve patient outcomes.
Authors: John W. Ayers, Ph.D., M.A., of the University of California San Diego, La Jolla, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Evaluation of Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10316?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=042723
Assessment of Gender-Specific COVID-19 Case Fatality Risk per Malignant Neoplasm Type
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.0768?guestAccessKey=d9441c63-e315-4125-9722-f19c97741303&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042723
Performance of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot in Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144?guestAccessKey=4b0f74f1-b680-4e68-87a8-f0d463840b9d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042723
About The Study: In this study that included 125 text-based multiple-choice questions provided by the OphthoQuestions free trial for ophthalmic board certification examination preparation, ChatGPT answered approximately half of the questions correctly. Medical professionals and trainees should appreciate the advances of AI in medicine while acknowledging that ChatGPT as used in this investigation did not answer sufficient multiple-choice questions correctly for it to provide substantial assistance in preparing for board certification at this time.
Authors: Rajeev H. Muni, M.D., M.Sc., of St. Michael’s Hospital/Unity Health Toronto in Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection With Bell Palsy
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0160?guestAccessKey=3757267f-e10c-4a3e-8db5-5118cb8d7944&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042723
About The Study: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a higher incidence of Bell palsy (BP) among SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated versus placebo groups. The occurrence of BP did not differ significantly between recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech versus Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 infection posed a significantly greater risk for BP than SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Authors: Amir Kheradmand, M.D., of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and Mehran Rahimlou, Ph.D., of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in Zanjan, Iran, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0160)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.