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Patient-Reported Financial Burden of Treatment for Colon or Rectal Cancer
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Obesity, Twin Pregnancy, and the Role of Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Racial disparities in rates of general anesthesia continue to exist; however, the findings of this study including 35,000 patients who underwent cesarean delivery suggest that, for laboring patients who had labor epidural catheters in situ, no disparity by race or ethnicity existed. Future studies should address whether disparities in care that occur prior to neuraxial catheter placement are associated with higher rates of general anesthesia among patients from ethnic and racial minority groups.
Authors: Caroline Leigh Thomas, M.D., of the University of Chicago Medical Center, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50825)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Perinatal Depression and Risk of Suicidal Behavior
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 952,000 participants, women with perinatal depression were at an increased risk of suicidal behavior, particularly within the first year after diagnosis with persistent risk elevations throughout the 18 years of follow-up, highlighting the need for vigilant clinical monitoring of this vulnerable group.
Authors: Hang Yu, M.Sc., and Donghao Lu, M.D., Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50897)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Publication of Results of Registered Trials With Published Study Protocols
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Place of Death Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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COVID-19 Immunization Coverage Among People With Sickle Cell Disease
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Measuring Equity in Readmission as a Distinct Assessment of Hospital Performance
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Social Risk and Dialysis Facility Performance in the First Year of the ESRD Treatment Choices Model
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Early Tecovirimat Treatment for Mpox Disease Among People With HIV
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Primary Care Patients’ Perspectives on Health Care Screening for Firearms in a Diverse, Urban Area
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Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Initiation Among Adolescents After an American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement
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Diagnostic Errors in Hospitalized Adults Who Died Or Were Transferred to Intensive Care
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JANUARY 8, 2024
Media advisory: The full study, editor’s note and Viewpoint are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Diagnostic errors in hospitalized adults who died or were transferred to the intensive care unit were common and associated with patient harm in this analysis of 2,428 patient records at 29 hospitals. Problems with choosing and interpreting tests and the processes involved with clinician assessment are high-priority areas for improvement efforts.
Authors: Andrew D. Auerbach, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.7347)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Early-Life Digital Media Experiences and Development of Atypical Sensory Processing
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JANUARY 8, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Early-life digital media exposure was associated with atypical sensory processing outcomes in multiple domains in this study that included 1,471 children. These findings suggest that digital media exposure might be a potential risk factor for the development of atypical sensory profiles. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between screen time and specific sensory-related developmental and behavioral outcomes, and whether minimizing early-life exposure can improve subsequent sensory-related outcomes.
Authors: Karen F. Heffler, M.D., of the Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5923)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Sibling Death in Childhood and Early Adulthood and Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Disease
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JANUARY 8, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 2 million individuals born in Denmark, sibling death in childhood and early adulthood was associated with increased risks of overall and most type-specific early-onset cardiovascular diseases, with the strength of associations varying by cause of death and age difference between sibling pairs. The findings highlight the need for extra attention and support to the bereaved siblings to reduce cardiovascular disease risk later in life.
Authors: Guoyou Qin, Ph.D., and Yongfu Yu, Ph.D., of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50814)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Reporting Requirements, Confidentiality, and Legal Immunity for Physicians Who Report Medically Impaired Drivers
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Telehealth Expansion, Internet Speed, and Primary Care Access Before and During COVID-19
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Xylazine in Overdose Deaths and Forensic Drug Reports
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History of Infertility and Midlife Cardiovascular Health in Female Individuals
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In Utero Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco and Electroencephalogram Power During Childhood
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Trends in High-Acuity Cardiovascular Events During the Pandemic
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Maternal Diabetes and Overweight and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 620,000 children found that maternal type 1 diabetes was associated with increased risk for most types of congenital heart defects in offspring, while obesity and overweight were associated with increased risk for complex defects and outflow tract obstruction and decreased risk for ventricular septal defects. These different risk profiles of type 1 diabetes and overweight and obesity may suggest distinct underlying teratogenic mechanisms.
Authors: Riitta Turunen, M.D., Ph.D., and Emmi Helle, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Helsinki, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50579)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Evaluation of Changes in Prices and Purchases Following Implementation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes Across the US
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes in Boulder, Colorado; Philadelphia, Oakland, San Francisco, and Seattle led to substantial, consistent declines in SSB purchases following price increases associated with those taxes. Scaling SSB taxes nationally could yield substantial public health benefits.
Authors: Scott Kaplan, Ph.D., of the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.4737)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Exposure to Residential Green Space and Bone Mineral Density in Young Children
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The Role of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Anorexia Nervosa
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Mobile Application–Based Communication Facilitation Platform for Family Members of Critically Ill Patients
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Green Space Morphology and School Myopia in China
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Hearing Loss, Hearing Aid Use, and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The results of this study that included 573,000 persons suggest that hearing loss was associated with increased dementia risk, especially among people not using hearing aids, suggesting that hearing aids might prevent or delay the onset and progression of dementia. The risk estimates were lower than in previous studies, highlighting the need for more high-quality longitudinal studies.
Authors: Manuella Lech Cantuaria, Ph.D., of the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3509)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Limited English Proficiency and Sepsis Mortality by Race and Ethnicity
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JANUARY 4, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 2,709 patients hospitalized with sepsis from 2016 to 2019 at an urban tertiary care center suggest a language-based inequity in outcomes. Further studies are needed to understand drivers of this inequity, how it may manifest in other diverse health systems, and to inform equitable care models for patients with limited English proficiency.
Authors: Neha P. Limaye, M.D., M.P.H., of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50373)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Geographic Dialysis Facility Density and Early Dialysis Initiation
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Incidence of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Before and During the Pandemic
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Lived Experience of Acne and Acne Treatment in Transgender Patients
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Online Racial Discrimination, Suicidal Ideation, and Traumatic Stress in a National Sample of Black Adolescents
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study that included 525 Black adolescents found an association between individual online racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation. These risk factors are important to consider in continuing studies of the cause of suicidal ideation for Black adolescents in the U.S.
Authors: Brendesha M. Tynes, Ph.D., of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4961)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Inpatient Costs of Treating Patients With COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 1.3 million inpatient admissions for treatment of COVID-19 from March 2020 through March 2022, researchers estimated an average national medical resource use or hospital cost to deliver care per COVID-19 inpatient stay at $11,275. Hospital costs increased more than five times the rate of medical inflation over this period. This was explained partly by changes in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which also increased over time. Nonetheless, costs to provide inpatient care increased even as care practices changed, vaccination rates increased, and the variants of concern evolved.
Authors: Kandice A. Kapinos, Ph.D., of the RAND Corporation in Arlington, Virginia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50145)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Diagnostic Accuracy of a Large Language Model in Pediatric Case Studies
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Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood
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Partial Heart Transplant in a Neonate With Irreparable Truncal Valve Dysfunction
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Automated External Defibrillator Use After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest at Recreational Facilities
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Advance Provision of Mifepristone and Misoprostol via Online Telemedicine
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Problem-Solving Skills Training for Parents of Children With Chronic Health Conditions
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JANUARY 2, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5753?guestAccessKey=1de2e6b0-2b25-41f1-9b33-99d1855fa366&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=010224
About The Study: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomized clinical trials including 3,100 parents suggest that problem-solving skills training for parents of children with chronic health conditions may improve the psychosocial well-being of the parents, their children, and their families. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials with longer follow-up times and that explore physical and clinical outcomes are encouraged to generate adequate evidence.
Authors: Yuanhui Luo, Ph.D., of Central South University in Changsha, Hunan, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5753)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Use of Cryopreserved Oocytes in Patients With Poor Ovarian Response
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JANUARY 2, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49722?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=010224
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 67,000 freezing cycles among 47,000 patients reveals a distinct pattern in the utilization of cryopreserved oocytes among patients undergoing planned oocyte cryopreservation in the U.S. Despite the increase in number of patients pursuing oocyte cryopreservation, there is a notably low rate of return to utilize previously vitrified oocytes; notably, patients with poor ovarian response are more likely to return, although the time to return is similar to those with normal ovarian response.
Authors: Yuval Fouks, M.D., M.P.H., of Boston IVF-The Eugin Group in Waltham, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49722)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Effect of Psychological and Medication Therapies for Insomnia on Daytime Functions
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Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Diversity Trends in Health Professions Programs From Applicants to Graduates
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Suicide Risk Among US Veterans With Military Service During the Vietnam War
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Optimism Bias in Firearm-Related Risk Perceptions
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The Potential of Genetics in Identifying Women at Lower Risk of Breast Cancer
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Risk of Falls and Fractures in Individuals With Cataract, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, or Glaucoma
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Brain Health After COVID-19, Pneumonia, Heart Attack, or Critical Illness
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study including 345 participants suggest that post–COVID-19 brain health was impaired but, overall, no more than the brain health of patients from 3 non–COVID-19 cohorts of comparable disease severity. Long-term associations with brain health might not be specific to COVID-19 but associated with overall illness severity and hospitalization. This information is important for putting understandable concerns about brain health after COVID-19 into perspective.
Authors: Daniel Kondziella, M.D., M.Sc., Dr.Philos., and Michael Eriksen Benros, M.D., Ph.D., of Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49659)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Self-Reported Frequency of Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 465,000 individuals, a higher self-reported frequency of adding salt to foods was associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease in the general population. These findings suggest that reducing the frequency of adding salt to foods at the table might be a valuable strategy to lower chronic kidney disease risk in the general population.
Authors: Lu Qi, M.D., Ph.D., of Tulane University in New Orleans, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49930)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Post–COVID-19 Condition in Children 6 and 12 Months After Infection
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of children tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canadian pediatric emergency departments, although children infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported increased chronic symptoms, few of these children developed post–COVID-19 condition, and overall quality of life did not differ from children with negative SARS-CoV-2 tests.
Authors: Stephen Freedman, M.D.C.M., M.Sc., of the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49613)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Magnetic Seed vs Guidewire Breast Cancer Localization With Magnetic Lymph Node Detection
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Emergency Department Visits for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders During the Pandemic at 5 Campus Health Systems
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Optimization of Evidence-Based Heart Failure Medications After an Acute Heart Failure Admission
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Sociocultural Risk and Resilience in the Context of Adverse Childhood Experiences
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Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This nationwide case-time-control study revealed an increased risk of miscarriage associated with benzodiazepine use during pregnancy after accounting for measurable confounders, and results were unlikely to be due to unmeasured confounding. These findings underscore the necessity for health care professionals to meticulously balance the risk-benefit ratio when considering the use of benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric and sleep disorders during pregnancy.
Authors: Fei-Yuan Hsiao, Ph.D., of National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4912)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Comparison of Capture Rates of the National Cancer Database Across Race and Ethnicity
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of individuals diagnosed with cancer in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), Hispanic and American Indian or Alaska Native individuals diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer were undercaptured in the NCDB, but their representation improved over time. Increased study is needed to determine where these populations predominantly seek cancer care.
Authors: Juan Javier-DesLoges, M.D., M.S., of the University of California, San Diego, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50237)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Low-Carbohydrate Diet Macronutrient Quality and Weight Change
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49552?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=122723
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study using data from three large prospective cohort studies among 123,000 individuals, low-carbohydrate diets that emphasized high-quality proteins, fats and carbohydrates from whole grains and other healthy plant-based foods were significantly associated with slower weight gain in the long term. In contrast, low-carbohydrate diets emphasizing animal-sourced proteins and fats or refined carbohydrates were associated with faster weight gain.
Authors: Qi Sun, M.D., Sc.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49552)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Consistency and Accuracy of AI for Providing Nutritional Information
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50367?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=122723
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) can be a useful and convenient tool for people who want to know the energy and macronutrient information of their foods. Although AI chatbots cannot replace nutritionists, they may provide real-time analysis of foods, and the capacity to harness AI technology in a supportive role may fundamentally transform the way nutritionists communicate with patients.
Authors: Jung-Su Chang, Ph.D., of Taipei Medical University in Taipei, Taiwan, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50367)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Implementation of Recommendations on the Use of Corticosteroids in Severe COVID-19
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Effect of an Intensive Food-as-Medicine Program on Health and Health Care Use
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Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank
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Socioemotional Development of Infants and Toddlers During the Pandemic
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Household Health-Related Social Needs in Newborns and Infant Behavioral Functioning at 6 Months
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Two-Year Autism Risk Screening and 3-Year Developmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
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Outcomes of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection vs Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
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Prediction of 2-Year Cognitive Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants Using Machine Learning Methods
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49111?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=122623
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this prognostic study of cognitive outcomes at 2-year follow-up among 1,000 infants born very preterm suggest that predictive modeling in neonatal care could enable early and targeted intervention for very preterm infants most at risk for developing cognitive impairment.
Authors: Andrea K. Bowe, M.B., M.P.H., of University College Cork in Cork, Ireland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49111)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults Age 50 and Older
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=122623
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in verbal memory and verbal fluency among older adults living alone, but not among those living with others in this study of 7,900 participants age 50 and older. Pet ownership offset the associations between living alone and declining rates in verbal memory and verbal fluency. Further studies are needed to assess whether pet ownership slows the rate of cognitive decline in older adults living alone.
Authors: Ciyong Lu, Ph.D., of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49241)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Negative Wealth Shock and Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 8,000 participants, negative wealth shock (a loss of 75% or more in total wealth over a 2-year period) was associated with accelerated cognitive decline and elevated risks of dementia among middle-aged and older U.S. adults, with modifications by age and ethnicity. These findings should be confirmed by further prospective and interventional studies.
Authors: Jing Guo, Ph.D., of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49258)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Variation by Institution in Sexual Harassment Experiences Among Medical Interns
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among a national cohort of medical interns, over half experienced sexual harassment. Although harassment was prevalent across programs, institutional and specialty training variations in interns’ sexual harassment experiences exist, thereby providing additional evidence that residency programs and institutions play an important role in combating this widespread problem.
Authors: Elizabeth M. Viglianti, M.D., M.P.H., M.Sc., of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49129)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Changes in Hospital Adverse Events and Patient Outcomes Associated With Private Equity Acquisition
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Private equity acquisition of hospitals, on average, was associated with increased hospital-acquired adverse events despite a likely lower-risk pool of admitted Medicare beneficiaries, suggesting poorer quality of inpatient care. These findings heighten concerns about the implications of private equity on health care delivery.
Authors: Zirui Song, M.D., Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23147)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Housing Status, Cancer Care, and Associated Outcomes Among Veterans
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Promotional Language (Hype) in Abstracts of Publications of NIH–Funded Research
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Survival Outcomes and Patterns of Care for Stage II or III Resected Gastric Cancer by Race and Ethnicity
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Residential Structural Racism and Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions
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Online Purchase Attempts of Flavored E-Cigarettes to Minors in California Before and After Senate Bill 793
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Divergent Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccine vs Influenza Vaccine
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Wearable Biosensing to Predict Imminent Aggressive Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatient Youths With Autism
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.48898?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=122123
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study involving 70 youths with autism across four psychiatric inpatient hospitals suggest that wearable biosensing and machine learning may hold promise for identifying objective indicators of impending aggressive behaviors in youths with autism who are psychiatric inpatients. The findings may lay the groundwork for developing just-in-time adaptive intervention mobile health systems that may enable new opportunities for preemptive intervention.
Authors: Matthew S. Goodwin, Ph.D., of Northeastern University in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.48898)
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Race and Ethnicity of Infants Enrolled in Neonatal Clinical Trials
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This systematic review of 120 studies with 14,000 participants found that Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous (e.g., Alaska Native, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian) participants were underrepresented in neonatal clinical trials, while white participants were overrepresented. There was wide variation in the terms used to report race and ethnicity data, and geographic representation was unevenly distributed, with some central and western U.S. regions underrepresented.
Authors: Elliott M. Weiss, M.D., M.S.M.E., of the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.48882)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Intergenerational Transmission of Psychiatric Conditions and Psychiatric, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Offspring
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Iodine Intake and Testosterone
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Newborn Brain Function and Early Emerging Callous-Unemotional Traits
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Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment for Pediatric Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
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Use of Open Science Practices in Surgical Journals
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Innovation in Development of Dermatologic Drugs Approved by the FDA
JAMA Dermatology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Compared with prior decades, the number of new dermatologic drug approvals by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) increased between 2012 and 2022. Nearly half of these drugs were considered first in class or first in indication, and several were deemed clinically useful or to have high added therapeutic benefit by health technology assessment organizations in Germany, Canada, or France.
Authors: Ravi Gupta, M.D., M.S.H.P., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.5036)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Home-Delivered Meals and Nursing Home Placement Among People With Self-Reported Dementia
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This pilot pragmatic clinical trial included 243 homebound older adults with self- or proxy-reported dementia found a lower although nonsignificant likelihood of nursing home placement among those receiving daily-delivered meals compared with those receiving drop-shipped frozen meals. While this study was not powered to detect meaningful, statistically significant differences in nursing home placement, its feasibility and initial results warrant exploration in an adequately powered trial.
Authors: Kali S. Thomas, Ph.D., of the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47195)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Local Treatment and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects Among Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer
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Infant Feeding Practices and Metal Concentrations in Children’s Blood
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Trainee-Led Intervention to Motivate Resident Physician Voter Registration
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Hypothermia vs Normothermia in Patients With Cardiac Arrest and Nonshockable Rhythm
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Trends in HPV Vaccination Before Age 13 Years in the US National Immunization Survey–Teen
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Association Between Daily Toothbrushing and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized clinical trials with an effective population size of 2,786 patients suggest that daily tooth brushing may be associated with significantly lower rates of hospital-acquired pneumonia, particularly in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, lower rates of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, and shorter ICU length of stay. Policies and programs encouraging more widespread and consistent toothbrushing are warranted.
Authors: Michael Klompas, M.D., M.P.H., of Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6638)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Public Benefit Programs and Differential Associations With Child Maltreatment by Race and Ethnicity
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The results of this study raise concerns that benefit programs may add relative advantages for white children compared with Black and Hispanic children and contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in child protective services investigations. States’ eligibility criteria and distribution practices should be examined to promote equitable effects on adverse child outcomes.
Authors: Henry T. Puls, M.D., of Children’s Mercy Kansas City, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5521)
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Measuring the Impact of AI in the Diagnosis of Hospitalized Patients
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Although standard artificial intelligence (AI) models improve diagnostic accuracy, systematically biased AI models reduced diagnostic accuracy, and commonly used image-based AI model explanations did not mitigate this harmful effect in this multicenter randomized clinical vignette survey study involving hospitalist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants from 13 states.
Authors: Michael W. Sjoding, M.D., of the University of Michigan Medical School, and Jenna Wiens, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.22295)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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The Comprehensive Primary Care Plus Model and Health Care Spending, Service Use, and Quality
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Statin Use and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Women Taking Hormone Therapy
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Guiding Principles to Address the Impact of Algorithm Bias on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care
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Age-Related Incidence and Peak Occurrence of Contralateral Breast Cancer
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Estimated Savings From the Medicare Shared Savings Program
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.