JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.10116?guestAccessKey=97235608-3017-4f2a-b30c-8486923bab25&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052124

About The Study: Public health authorities in nearly all states and territories surveyed reported the ability to monitor and test persons exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus. However, jurisdictions varied in their capacity to monitor exposed persons, in recommendations for use of antivirals, and in potential use of H5N1 vaccines, if available, among first responders. 

Quote from co-author Tim Uyeki, M.D., M.P.H., M.P.P.:

“Public and animal health experts and agencies have been preparing for avian influenza outbreaks for 20 years. We have invested in our ability to mitigate risk by testing, preventing, and treating it.

“The challenges reported in monitoring exposed persons and differences in antiviral recommendations highlight a need to continue to strengthen and standardize public health preparedness and response to HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in the United States, particularly if additional animal-to-human transmission events are reported. It’s important that as the situation develops, public health agencies and authorities continue to work together to guide process improvements to ensure preparedness and consistency in response to future exposures.”

Contact information for Tim Uyeki, M.D., M.P.H., M.P.P.: email Jasmine Reed at jreed@cdc.gov

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10116)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.7112?guestAccessKey=0a614c40-2196-4a8c-a050-5957fbbc225a&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052224

About The Study: Between 2020 and 2023, the number of adolescents and young adults with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) dispensing increased substantially. In contrast, the number with dispensing of other drugs decreased. Increases in GLP-1RA dispensing were greatest for females, highlighting the importance of educating patients and prescribers on sex-specific safety risks (e.g., concerns during pregnancy). 

Quote from corresponding author Joyce M. Lee, M.D., M.P.H.:

“Increases in GLP-1RA dispensing were more pronounced among females than among males. In 2023, 60.0% of adolescents, and 76.4% of young adults dispensed medications were female. This disproportionate dispensing may represent a societal bias towards weight in females and may have implications for the long-term health of girls and women.”

Contact information for Joyce M. Lee, M.D., M.P.H.: email joyclee@med.umich.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7112)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, MAY 19, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8771?guestAccessKey=d4543ce8-c594-44e0-805b-44a020c965ab&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051924

About The Study: Among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at high risk of exacerbation, treatment with the β1-selective β-blocker bisoprolol did not reduce the number of self-reported COPD exacerbations requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids, antibiotics, or both.

Quote from corresponding author Graham Devereux, M.D.:

“People with COPD are at increased risk of cardiovascular conditions that benefit from treatment with beta-blockers. However, there is a well-documented reluctance for physicians to prescribe beta-blockers for people with cardiovascular disease and COPD.

“These findings will help physicians and patients with COPD assess the risks and benefits of using bisoprolol to treat cardiovascular disease.”

Contact information for Graham Devereux, M.D.: email graham.devereux@lstmed.ac.uk.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8771)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, MAY 19, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8772?guestAccessKey=1b8c1ae9-3edc-4366-be12-3cf2610d148d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051924

About The Study: In critically ill sepsis patients, treatment with intravenous acetaminophen for 5 days was safe but did not improve the primary end point of days alive and free of any organ support (dialysis, assisted ventilation, and vasopressors) to day 28 compared with placebo.  

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lorraine B. Ware, M.D., email Lorraine.ware@vumc.org.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8772)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 20, 2024

Media advisory: The full study, editorial and Viewpoint are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the Society for Clinical Trials Annual Meeting.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.6281?guestAccessKey=d9f07766-1e0a-40a7-b69b-c448469ffc17&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052024

About The Study: Many studies suggest a survival benefit for cancer trial participants. However, these benefits were not detected in studies using designs addressing important sources of bias and confounding. Pooled results of high-quality studies are not consistent with a beneficial effect of trial participation on its own.

Quote from corresponding author Jonathan Kimmelman, Ph.D.:

“Many physicians, policymakers, patient advocates, and research sponsors believe patients have better outcomes when they participate in trials, even if they are in the comparator arm. Educational materials for patients often encourage patients to consider the better care they might receive in trials. As a member of various review committees, I hear this said all the time. Yet evidence of such a ‘participation effect’ is lacking.

“Many studies have looked at the ‘participation effect’ for patients with cancer. If you pool them altogether, it looks like cancer patients in trials do live longer than patients outside them. But if you restrict analysis to studies that control for various sources of confound (for example, the fact that trials tend to enroll younger and healthier patients) or bias (many studies of participation benefit are probably never published) those survival benefits disappear.

“Our findings provide reassurance that inability to enroll in a cancer trial doesn’t disadvantage a patient, at least in terms of survival. Our findings can help patients (and physicians) focus their consent discussions on the most relevant and evidence-based benefits of trial participation: the prospects of advancing the care of future patients.”

Contact information for Jonathan Kimmelman, Ph.D.: email jonathan.kimmelman@mcgill.ca.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6281)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, MAY 19, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Thoracic Society 2024 International Conference.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8693?guestAccessKey=822f31af-46d7-4bed-b18f-275b80c4c704&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051924

About The Study: Among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with pamrevlumab (a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits connective tissue growth factor activity) or placebo, there was no statistically significant between-group difference for the primary outcome of absolute change in forced vital capacity from baseline to week 48. 

Quote from corresponding author, Ganesh Raghu, M.D.:

“Current treatment with the two drugs approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) merely slow the rate of lung function decline and are associated with adverse events that affect medication adherence. Because of the high mortality rates that are associated with IPF, the need for efficacious treatments that meaningfully improve patients’ feeling and function, as well as survival, is evident and unmet.

“This well-conducted, multinational phase 3 trial undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of pamrevlumab for patients with IPF failed to confirm it. Despite the disappointment with the negative results, the success lies in the patients who participated in this trial and adhered to the protocol amid all the challenges and hurdles of the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons gleaned will help better design of future trials.”

Contact information for Ganesh Raghu, M.D.: email graghu@uw.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8693)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:45 P.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the Society of General Internal Medicine annual meeting.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8914?guestAccessKey=2d474e45-94e6-4eb2-8419-e90ef782683d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051624

About The Study: This study found significant sex differences in primary care–based chronic kidney disease management among patients at a care network affiliated with an academic medical center in the U.S., with females overall receiving worse care than males. Though many differences were of small magnitude, the disparity deserves further examination. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jorge A. Rodriguez, M.D., email jarodriguez1@partners.org.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8914)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 20, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.5737?guestAccessKey=b5df0e55-79b2-4af8-9a64-87a6674156de&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052024

About The Study: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) brought about one enforcement action and three merger actions per year against pharmaceutical manufacturers from 2000-2022, pursuing a small fraction of the estimated misconduct and consolidation in the pharmaceutical marketplace. Although the FTC faces substantial legal and practical limitations, important tools remain untested, including a rule defining “unfair methods of competition,” that may allow it to more effectively prevent repetitive patterns of anticompetitive behavior. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., email akesselheim@bwh.harvard.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5737)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 6:01 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with the European Congress on Obesity.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.0821?guestAccessKey=6d6633c0-8d44-48b2-a3eb-e97abf6c9a3a&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051424

About The Study: A wireless feedback system (Wi-Fi activity tracker and scale with smartphone app to provide daily feedback) was not noninferior to the same system with added coaching. Continued efforts are needed to identify strategies for weight loss management and to accurately select interventions for different individuals to achieve weight loss goals.

Quote from corresponding author Bonnie Spring, Ph.D.:

“With U.S. obesity prevalence projected to reach 49% by 2030, limited obesity treatment resources need to be spread across more of the population.  One promising approach is stepped care that begins with low cost, self-monitoring technology alone, then intensifies treatment for those who show insufficient response.

“It has been unknown whether first line technology treatment alone could produce clinically acceptable weight loss.  In an adaptive randomized noninferiority trial, people who initially only received technology without coach support were less likely to achieve meaningful weight loss (5% of body weight), compared to those who had a human coach at the start.

“Currently, a human coach remains needed from the outset of obesity treatment because digital technology alone doesn’t produce clinically acceptable weight loss for most people.”

Contact information for Dr. Spring: email bspring@northwestern.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0821)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 6:01 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, MAY 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. The study is being presented at the European Congress on Obesity.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.7064?guestAccessKey=e5e4f13d-f93c-4d64-b9fb-c579e4b06a33&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051424

About The Study: Among men with obesity, an intervention with text messaging with financial incentive significantly improved weight loss compared with a control group, whereas text messaging alone was not significantly better than the control condition. These findings support text messaging combined with financial incentives to attain weight loss in men with obesity.

Quote from corresponding author Prof. Pat Hoddinott, M.B., B.S., Ph.D.:

“Losing weight can make people feel better, reduce their risk of many health problems such as diabetes, and helps the health service with their aim to keep men well. However, we know men often don’t like to go to traditional weight loss groups.

“This was a very carefully planned study, created for men by men. We worked closely with various men’s health groups and charities, including Men’s Health Forum in the UK and Ireland, with more than 1000 men living with obesity informing the design of the incentive structure.

“The research showed that offering cash incentives was a popular and effective way of helping men to lose weight. This initiative would be a low-cost solution for the health service to offer to men, requiring only four short weight appointments, and with money paid out only at the end to those who lose over 5% of their starting weight.”

Contact information for Prof. Hoddinott:

Press officer: Sarah Manning, sarah.manning@stir.ac.uk; 01786 466436 / 07341 052 750.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7064)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:30 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, MAY 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorials are linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Society of Cardiology-Heart Failure Congress.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.4467?guestAccessKey=c95f4af2-1de1-43d4-9a0d-82f414e05f8d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051224

About The Study: Among self-reported Black individuals, male and female V142I carriers faced similar and substantial risk for heart failure hospitalization, predominantly with reduced ejection fraction, and death, with steep age-dependent penetrance. Delineating the individual contributions of, and complex interplay among, the V142I variant, ancestry, the social construct of race, and biological or social determinants of health to cardiovascular disease merits further investigation. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Scott D. Solomon, M.D., email ssolomon@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4467)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.7395?guestAccessKey=93a190ab-5a8a-4dcb-b76f-129dd3bafa63&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051524

About The Study: This study found that in fall-winter 2023-2024, the risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was greater than the risk of death in patients hospitalized for seasonal influenza. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ziyad Al-Aly, M.D., email ziyad.alaly@va.gov.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7395)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:30 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.7741?guestAccessKey=4a0c808a-a6e6-47b1-b44f-336494081397&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050924

About The Study: Adoption of the proposed framework to identify when causal interpretation is appropriate in observational studies promises to facilitate better communication between authors, reviewers, editors, and readers. Practical implementation will require cooperation between editors, authors, and reviewers to operationalize the framework and evaluate its effect on the reporting of empirical research. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Issa J. Dahabreh, M.D., Sc.D., email idahabreh@hsph.harvard.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7741)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, MAY 13, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.5596?guestAccessKey=0c8356ed-b996-4dd8-a4b6-5d654d24e31b&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=051324

About The Study: Cardiovascular biomarkers were strongly associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and mortality. The addition of biomarkers to established risk factors led to only a small improvement in risk prediction metrics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but was more favorable for heart failure and mortality. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Johannes Tobias Neumann, M.D., Ph.D., email j.neumann@uke.de.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5596)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MAY 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.6892?guestAccessKey=3797feb1-0b89-4e9a-8654-85c8ae964ffe&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050824

About The Study: Almost 90% of U.S. adults met criteria for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic (CKM) syndrome (stage 1 or higher) and 15% met criteria for advanced stages, neither of which improved between 2011 and 2020. Substantial between-subgroup differences in advanced stages were observed, with older age, men, and Black adults at increased risk. Cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases are pathophysiologically interrelated and were the leading causes of death in 2021. In 2023, the American Heart Association introduced a novel staging construct, termed CKM syndrome, to enhance multidisciplinary approaches to prevention, risk stratification, and management of these disorders.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Muthiah Vaduganathan, M.D., M.P.H., email mvaduganathan@bwh.harvard.edu.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6892)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8391?guestAccessKey=fb7d7cba-771a-4a9d-b698-5a44babf0ac6&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050424

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:30 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, MAY 4, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.3908?guestAccessKey=964d2832-89ff-4409-a3a0-b96e343165cb&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=050424

About The Study: Racial and ethnic disparities were observed for almost all leading causes of injury and disease that were associated with recent increases in youth mortality rates. Addressing the increasing disparities affecting American Indian or Alaska Native and Black youth will require efforts to prevent homicide and suicide, especially those events involving firearms. 

Authors: Elizabeth R. Wolf, M.D., M.P.H., of the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine in Richmond, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3908)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.