About The Study: Children residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods at birth had higher likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis in a study that included 318,000 children with health insurance. Future research is warranted to investigate the mechanisms behind the neighborhood-related disparities in ASD diagnosis, alongside efforts to provide resources for early intervention and family support in communities with a higher likelihood of ASD.
Authors: Daniel A. Hackman, Ph.D., of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4347)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 139,000 respiratory hospitalizations in Canada of children younger than age 18 found a substantial decrease in severe respiratory disease resulting in hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality during the first two years of the pandemic compared with the three pre-pandemic years. These findings suggest that future evaluations of the effect of public health interventions aimed at reducing circulating respiratory pathogens during non-pandemic periods of increased respiratory illness may be warranted.
Authors: Eyal Cohen, M.D., M.Sc., of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43318)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study where the majority of 54,000 participants were African American with low socioeconomic status, diabetes was associated with elevated colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, suggesting that diabetes prevention and control may reduce CRC disparities. The association was attenuated for those who completed colonoscopies, highlighting how adverse effects of diabetes-related metabolic dysregulation may be disrupted by preventative screening.
Authors: Shaneda Warren Andersen, Ph.D., of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43333)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:45 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial validated a natural language processing model developed within a single healthcare system to identify heart failure hospitalizations. Further study is needed to determine whether natural language processing will improve the efficiency of future multicenter clinical trials by identifying clinical events at scale.
Authors: Scott D. Solomon, M.D., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4859)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: Among patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction treated with dapagliflozin in this randomized clinical trial, an initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was frequent but not associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular or kidney events. These data reinforce clinical guidance that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors should not be interrupted or discontinued in response to an initial eGFR decline.
Authors: Finnian R. Mc Causland, M.B.B.Ch., M.M.Sc., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4664)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: Among patients discharged after hospitalization for heart failure (HF), de novo HF was associated with better clinical and patient-reported outcomes when compared with worsening chronic HF in this randomized clinical trial including 2,858 patients. Regardless of HF type, there was no significant difference between torsemide and furosemide with respect to 12-month clinical or patient-reported outcomes.
Authors: Selim R. Krim, M.D., of the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4776)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: In this study of U.S. neighborhoods, cumulative environmental burden was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases, although absolute differences were small. The strongest associations were observed in socially vulnerable neighborhoods. Whether initiatives that address poor environmental conditions will improve cardiovascular health requires additional prospective investigations.
Authors: Rishi K. Wadhera, M.D., M.P.P., M.Phil., of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4680)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:45 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: Dietary sodium reduction significantly lowered blood pressure in the majority of middle-aged to elderly adults in this study including 213 participants. The decline in blood pressure from a high- to low-sodium diet was independent of hypertension status and antihypertensive medication use, was generally consistent across subgroups, and did not result in excess adverse events.
Authors: Deepak K. Gupta, M.D., M.S.C.I., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23651)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:30 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: Self-monitoring and physician-guided titration of antihypertensive medications was associated with lower blood pressure during the first nine months postpartum than usual postnatal outpatient care in this randomized clinical trial involving 220 participants in the United Kingdom.
Authors: Paul Leeson, Ph.D., of the University of Oxford in Oxford, United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21523)
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About The Study: The findings of this study indicate an increase in the prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration at 12 months from 1999 to 2018 in the U.S. Temporal changes of breastfeeding duration at 12 months were more prevalent among male infants, older mothers, Mexican American and multiracial participants, and households with higher income.
Authors: Yongjun Zhang, Ph.D., M.D., of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4942)
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About The Study: The data from this nationally representative survey study reveal a shift in tobacco use among young adults (ages 18-24), showing historically low cigarette use, which has positive public health significance. However, e-cigarette use is higher (14.5%) than reported previously, coinciding with the introduction of salt-based devices in 2015 to 2018. Over half of established vaping young adults never regularly smoked. Research suggests that exclusive e-cigarette users are unlikely to transition to combustible tobacco.
Authors: Benjamin A. Toll, Ph.D., of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5239)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:45 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: In this phase 1 study of 48 participants with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels, lepodisiran was well tolerated and produced dose-dependent, long-duration reductions in serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations. The findings support further study of lepodisiran, which is a short interfering RNA directed at hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), an essential component necessary for assembly of lipoprotein(a) particles.
Authors: Steven E. Nissen, M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Clinical Research in Cleveland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21835)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1:35 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023.
About The Study: This randomized clinical trial found that in patients with advanced heart failure treated with a fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device, avoidance of aspirin as part of an antithrombotic regimen, which includes a vitamin K antagonist, is not inferior to a regimen containing aspirin, does not increase thromboembolism risk, and is associated with a reduction in bleeding events.
Authors: Mandeep R. Mehra, M.D., M.Sc., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.23204)
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About The Study: This analysis finds that COVID-19 and the drug overdose epidemic were major contributors to the widening gender gap in life expectancy (nearly six years) between women and men in recent years. Men experienced higher COVID-19 death rates for likely multifactorial reasons, including higher burden of comorbidities and differences in health behaviors and socioeconomic factors, such as labor force participation, incarceration, and homelessness. Differentially worsening mortality from diabetes, heart disease, homicide, and suicide suggest that chronic metabolic disease and mental illness may also contribute.
Authors: Brandon W. Yan, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6041)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Black women who reported experiences of interpersonal racism in situations involving employment, housing, and interactions with police appeared to have an increased risk of stroke, even after accounting for demographic and vascular risk factors, according to the results of this study including 48,000 Black women. These findings suggest that the high burden of racism experienced by Black U.S. women may contribute to racial disparities in stroke incidence.
Authors: Shanshan Sheehy, Sc.D., of Boston University, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43203)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Maternal mRNA vaccination was associated with a lower risk of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants up to six months of age only if the vaccine was given during the antenatal period in this study of 7,292 infants in Singapore. These findings suggest that mRNA vaccination during pregnancy may be needed for lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among newborns.
Authors: Orlanda Goh, M.B., B.S., M.P.H., of Singapore General Hospital in Singapore, and Chee Fu Yung, M.B.Ch.B., of KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Singapore, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42475)
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About The Study: There was a favorable evolution in smell and taste function throughout the observation period of this study, with taste dysfunction showing lower frequency and faster recovery compared with smell dysfunction in this analysis that included 88 cases and 88 controls. Recovery from smell dysfunction continued over the 3-year study period. At the 3-year study endpoint, smell dysfunction was comparable between both groups. Patients with post–COVID-19 condition exhibiting chemosensory alterations should be reassured that a recovery of smell function appears to continue over three years after initial infection.
Authors: Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, M.D., of the University of Trieste in Trieste, Italy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3603)
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About The Study: In this study including 3.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer, a significant deficit was noted in the number of cancer treatments provided in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Data indicated that this deficit in the number of cancer treatments provided was associated with decreases in the number of cancer diagnoses, not changes in treatment strategies.
Authors: Leticia M. Nogueira, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the American Cancer Society in Kennesaw, Georgia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4513)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Earlier onset of atrial fibrillation was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia in this study including 433,000 UK Biobank participants, highlighting the importance of monitoring cognitive function among patients with atrial fibrillation, especially those younger than 65 years at diagnosis.
Authors: Fanfan Zheng, Ph.D., of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, and Wuxiang Xie, Ph.D., of the Peking University First Hospital in Beijing, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42744)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study that included 3.4 million adults, co-administration of the BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) and seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with generally similar effectiveness in the community setting against COVID-19–related and seasonal influenza vaccine-related outcomes compared with giving each vaccine alone and may help improve uptake of both vaccines.
Authors: Leah J. McGrath, Ph.D., of Pfizer Inc., in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42151)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 185 women with breast cancer, high neighborhood deprivation was associated with differences in tissue DNA methylation and gene expression among Black women. These findings suggest that continued investment in public health interventions and policy changes at the neighborhood level may help to remedy biological alterations that could make minoritized populations more susceptible to chronic diseases.
Authors: Stefan Ambs, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41651)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries or periodontal-related disease, in adults. The USPSTF also concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries or periodontal-related disease, in adults. Dental caries (cavities) and periodontal disease (gum disease) are common and often untreated oral health conditions that affect eating, speaking, learning, smiling, and employment potential. Untreated oral health conditions can lead to tooth loss, irreversible tooth damage, and other serious adverse health outcomes.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21409)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents ages 5 to 17. The USPSTF also concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of preventive interventions performed by primary care clinicians for oral health conditions, including dental caries, in children and adolescents ages 5 to 17. Untreated oral health conditions in children can lead to serious infections and affect growth, development, and quality of life.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21408)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Society of Human Genetics 2023 Annual Meeting.
About The Study: The findings of this diagnostic study including 43,000 individuals undergoing hereditary cancer testing demonstrate that the ability to perform RNA sequencing concurrently with DNA sequencing represents an important advancement in germline genetic testing by improving detection of novel variants and classification of existing variants. This expands the identification of individuals with hereditary cancer predisposition and increases opportunities for personalization of therapeutics and surveillance.
Authors: Rachid Karam, M.D., Ph.D., of Ambry Genetics in Aliso Viejo, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.5586)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this study of a nationally representative sample of 7,062 non-Hispanic Black or white adults, health care spending for Black adults in the U.S. was equal to or less than that of white adults, but only in areas of racial and economic equity and equitable insurance access. The results underscore the continuing need to recognize place as a contributor to race-based differences in health care spending.
Authors: Lorraine T. Dean, Sc.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.3798)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 414,000 respondents to the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey suggest that e-cigarette use remained common during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among young adults ages 18 to 24 (18% prevalence). Notably, 71.5% of individuals ages 18 to 20 who reported current e-cigarette use had never used combustible cigarettes. These results underscore the rationale for the implementation and enforcement of public health policies tailored to young adults.
Authors: Michael J. Blaha, M.D., M.P.H., of the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40859)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at Kidney Week 2023.
About The Study: A novel multicomponent intervention designed to target several barriers that prevent eligible patients from completing key steps toward receiving a kidney transplant did not significantly increase the rate of completed steps in this randomized clinical trial that included 20,375 patients from 26 chronic kidney disease programs. Improving access to transplantation remains a global priority that requires substantial effort.
Authors: Amit X. Garg, M.D., Ph.D., of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5802)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In a population-based study of 6,790 adult patients with emergency medical services–treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from a U.S. metropolitan system, the incidence of overdose related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increased significantly from 2015 to 2021. The greatest increase was observed among patients with a combined stimulant-opioid OHCA. Presentation and outcome differed according to the drug-specific profile. The combination of increasing incidence and lower survival among patients with an opioid-stimulant OHCA supports prevention and treatment initiatives that consider the drug-specific profile.
Authors: Neal A. Chatterjee, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Washington in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41921)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that maintenance immunosuppressive drugs are associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in solid organ transplant recipients. These results should be considered by clinicians treating transplant recipients and may help inform epidemic-related decisions for this population in the future.
Authors: Epiphane Kolla, M.D., M.P.H., of French National Health Insurance in Saint-Denis, France, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42006)
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that the risk of developing breast cancer after a false-positive mammography result differs by individual characteristics and follow-up. These findings can be used to develop individualized risk-based breast cancer screening after a false-positive result.
Authors: Xinhe Mao, M.Sc., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4519)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 274 midlife women, greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were associated with higher carotid atherosclerosis and, among women who were APOEɛ4 carriers, greater brain small vessel disease and poorer cognitive performance. These findings point to the adverse implications of PTSD symptoms for cardiovascular and neurocognitive health among women in midlife, particularly for women who are APOEɛ4 carriers.
Authors: Rebecca C. Thurston, Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41388)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this meta-analysis of 83 neuroimaging studies of adversity exposure and brain function, prior adversity exposure was associated with altered adult brain reactivity to diverse challenges. These results might better identify how adversity diminishes the ability to cope with later stressors and produces enduring susceptibility to mental health problems.
Authors: Niki Hosseini-Kamkar, Ph.D., of the Royal Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40018)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: Although the prevalence of severely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has declined, 1 in 17 U.S. adults still have LDL-C levels of 160 to 189 mg/dL and 1 in 48 adults have LDL-C levels of 190 mg/dL or greater. Among those with an LDL-C of 190 mg/dL or greater, 1 in 4 are unaware and untreated, with a higher proportion for an LDL-C of 160 to 189 mg/dL. These gaps disproportionately affect non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and socioeconomically disadvantaged persons, contributing to disparities in outcomes.
Authors: Salim S. Virani, M.D., Ph.D., of Aga Khan University in Karachi, Pakistan, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.3931)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of 2,433 women who received in vitro fertilization treatment suggest that delaying frozen embryo transfer for at least six months after a preceding clinical pregnancy loss was associated with beneficial pregnancy outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Authors: Daimin Wei, M.D., Ph.D., of Shandong University in Jinan, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40709)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Robust available data support the use of face masks in community settings to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and should inform future responses to epidemics and pandemics caused by respiratory viruses.
Authors: Shama Cash-Goldwasser, M.D., M.P.H., of Resolve to Save Lives in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39443)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that race and ethnicity and neighborhood disadvantage are associated with hearing-related quality of life in deaf or hard-of-hearing children. The neighborhood association was seen most broadly in children older than 13 years.
Authors: Dylan K. Chan, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of California, San Francisco, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40934)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this imaging study that included 54 athletes, higher levels of 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) that mark brain injury and repair were found in former National Football League (NFL) players compared with former non-collision sport athletes. The NFL players also had lower performance in learning and memory. These findings suggest that further tracking of TSPO levels in relation to neuropsychological performance over time is needed to understand whether these signs persist, progress, and/or warrant neuroimmune-modulating interventions.
Authors: Jennifer M. Coughlin, M.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40580)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: High blood pressure variability indicated increased lifetime dementia risk in late life but not in midlife in this study that included 820 adults monitored for an average time of 32 years. This result suggests that high blood pressure variability may indicate increased dementia risk in older age but might be less viable as a midlife dementia prevention target.
Authors: Jan Willem van Dalen, Ph.D., of the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40249)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
