Uncorrected Refractive Error in the African American Eye Disease Study

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The results of this study suggest a high burden of refractive error–associated correctable refractive error in African American adults, making it the leading cause of visual impairment in this population. Providing universal coverage for vision care and prescription glasses is an affordable and achievable health care intervention that could reduce the burden of visual impairment in African American adults by over two-thirds and likely raise the quality of life and work productivity, especially in this vulnerable minority population.

Authors: Rohit Varma, M.D., M.P.H., of the CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6781)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Undiagnosed Cancer Cases in the US During the First 10 Months of the Pandemic

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.6969?guestAccessKey=c7a15d08-441f-4df1-8e88-be571d4fc3bb&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=022224

 

About The Study: This study found that all-sites cancer incidence in the U.S. was significantly lower than expected in March through December 2020, with 134,395 potentially undiagnosed cancer cases. The overall and differential findings can be used to inform where the health care system should be looking to make up ground in cancer screening and detection. 

Authors: Krystle A. Lang Kuhs, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University of Kentucky in Lexington, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.6969)

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Ethnoracial Risk Variation Across the Psychosis Continuum in the US

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Prioritizing Maternal Mental Health in Addressing Morbidity and Mortality

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Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Heart Failure Risk in Older Women

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The results of this study of 5,951 women ages 63 to 99 suggest that promoting regular physical activity and minimal sedentary time may be prudent for primary prevention of heart failure and its subtype with preserved ejection fraction for which treatment is limited. 

Authors: Michael J. LaMonte, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University at Buffalo—SUNY, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5692)

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Acupuncture for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The acupuncture intervention used in this randomized clinical trial including 93 participants was clinically efficacious and favorably affected the psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans. These data build on extant literature and suggest that clinical implementation of acupuncture for PTSD, along with further research about comparative efficacy, durability, and mechanisms of effects, is warranted. 

Authors: Michael Hollifield, M.D., of the Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California, is the corresponding author.

 

(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5651)

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Lifetime Suicide Attempts in Otherwise Psychiatrically Healthy Individuals

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: In this study using data from 1,948 U.S. adults with lifetime suicide attempts from a nationally representative population-based survey, an estimated 19.6% reported not having met criteria for any psychiatric disorders prior to their first attempt. This finding challenges clinical notions of who is at risk for suicidal behavior and raises questions about the safety of limiting suicide risk screening to psychiatric populations. 

Authors: Maria A. Oquendo, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.

 

(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5672)

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Historical Redlining, Persistent Mortgage Discrimination, and Race in Breast Cancer Outcomes

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In a study of 1,764 women with breast cancer, living in a historically redlined area was associated with increased odds of a diagnosis of estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer in non-Hispanic Black women and increased odds of late-stage diagnosis in non-Hispanic white women. Persistent mortgage discrimination was associated with an increase in breast cancer mortality in non-Hispanic white women, and non-Hispanic Black women were more likely to die of breast cancer no matter where they lived. 

Authors: Jasmine M. Miller-Kleinhenz, Ph.D., of Emory University in Atlanta, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56879)

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HPV Vaccination Among Young Adults Before and During the Pandemic

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The results of this study suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among young adults did not increase during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with prior years. This finding likely reflects pandemic-related disruptions in initiating the HPV vaccine among young adults. 

Authors: Kalyani Sonawane, Ph.D., of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56875)

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RNA Interference With Zilebesiran for Mild to Moderate Hypertension

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: In adults with mild to moderate hypertension, treatment with zilebesiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic, across a range of subcutaneous doses at 3-month or 6-month intervals significantly reduced 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure at month three in this phase 2, randomized clinical trial. 

Authors: George L. Bakris, M.D., of University of Chicago Medicine, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0728)

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Opioid Use After First Opioid Prescription in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

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Age-Related Risk of Serious Fall Events and Opioid Analgesic Use

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The results of this study of 3.2 million people who initiated prescription opioid treatment suggest that prescription opioids were associated with increased risk of serious fall events among adults of all ages, with individuals 85 years or older at greatest risk. These risks should be considered when prescribing opioids, particularly for individuals with preexisting risk factors or when opioids are prescribed at higher doses. Targeted falls prevention efforts may be most effective within the first month following opioid initiation. 

Authors: Natasa Gisev, Ph.D., of the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8154)

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Neighborhood Segregation and Access to Live Donor Kidney Transplantation

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: Segregated residential and transplant center neighborhoods likely serve as a mechanism of structural racism, contributing to persistent racial disparities in access to live donor kidney transplantation. To promote equitable access, studies should assess targeted interventions (e.g., community outreach clinics) to improve support for potential candidates and donors and ultimately mitigate the effects of segregation. 

Authors: Mara A. McAdams-DeMarco, Ph.D., of the New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8184)

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Examining Excess Mortality Associated With the Pandemic for Renters Threatened With Eviction

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: Housing instability, as measured by eviction filings, was associated with a significantly increased risk of death over the first 20 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in this study that included 282,000 renters who received an eviction filing. Eviction prevention efforts may have reduced excess mortality for renters during this period. 

Authors: Nick Graetz, Ph.D., of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27005)

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Projecting the Future Registered Nurse Workforce After the Pandemic

JAMA Health Forum

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

 

About The Study: The rebound in the total size of the U.S. registered nurse (RN) workforce during 2022 and 2023 indicates that the earlier drop in RN employment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic was likely transitory. Updated forecasts of the future RN workforce are very close to those made before the pandemic. 

Authors: David I. Auerbach, Ph.D., of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.5389)

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Optimal Volume of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Postconcussion in Children and Adolescents

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this study of children and adolescents with acute concussion suggest that moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity reduced symptoms up to a certain threshold but appeared to offer no further benefit in symptom reduction beyond that point. 

Authors: Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Ph.D., of the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56458)

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Decentralized Clinical Trials as a New Paradigm of Trial Delivery to Improve Equity of Access

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Prevalence and Features of Fungal Keratitis Among Patients With Commercial Health Insurance

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Risk of Brain Cancer in US Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54588?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=021524

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Moderate or severe and penetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) were associated with the subsequent development of brain cancer in this study of more than 1.9 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. However, mild TBI was not associated with later brain cancer diagnoses. 

Authors: Ian J. Stewart, M.D., of the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54588)

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Weight Loss Treatment and Longitudinal Weight Change Among Patients With Obesity

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this study of primary-care patients with obesity, all weight management treatments (nutrition counseling, very low-calorie meal replacement, anti-obesity medications, and bariatric surgery) increased the patient-level probability of achieving 5% or greater weight loss, but current rates of utilization are low and insufficient to reduce weight at the population level. 

Authors: Dina H. Griauzde, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56183)

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Lived Experiences and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Among Survivors of Localized Cutaneous Melanoma

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Genetic and Clinical Correlates of AI-Based Brain Aging Patterns in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals

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Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this study of 251,000 pregnant patients with Tennessee Medicaid and without opioid use disorder, a positive association was found between total prescription opioid dose dispensed and the odds of spontaneous preterm birth. These findings support guidance to minimize opioid exposure during pregnancy and prescribe the lowest dose necessary.

Authors: Sarah S. Osmundson, M.D., M.S., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55990)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Cognitive Symptoms of Post–COVID-19 Condition and Daily Functioning

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this survey study of U.S. adults suggest that cognitive symptoms are common among individuals with post–COVID-19 condition and associated
with greater self-reported functional impairment, lesser likelihood of full-time employment, and greater depressive symptom severity. Screening for and addressing cognitive symptoms is an important component of the public health response to post–COVID-19 condition. 

Authors: Roy H. Perlis, M.D., M.Sc., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56098)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Patient Navigator Intervention to Improve Palliative Care Outcomes for Hispanic Patients With Serious Noncancer Illness

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Highly Effective Therapies as First-Line Treatment for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

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Emergency Department Volume and Delayed Diagnosis of Serious Pediatric Conditions

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Reasons for Nonparticipation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

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Development and Validation of a Risk Score Predicting Death Without Transplant in Adult Heart Transplant Candidates

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Emergency Department Use Disparities Among Transgender and Cisgender Medicare Beneficiaries

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The results of this study suggested that transgender and gender-diverse Medicare beneficiaries use significantly more emergency department services than cisgender beneficiaries, particularly for psychological care, and these visits were more likely to be followed by an admission. This study quantifies this excess use of emergent services and highlights upstream implications of delays in seeking timely health care. 

Authors: Gray Babbs, M.P.H., of the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8209)

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Foster Care Involvement Among Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: This study found that among youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities, Black youth and females faced higher risk for foster care involvement, and the likelihood of foster care involvement increased with age. There is an urgent need for research that focuses on addressing system-level factors that drive increased risk. Understanding the specific health needs of Black and female youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities is critical to ensure the formation, implementation, and monitoring of equitable delivery of health services. 

Authors: Lindsay Shea, Dr.P.H., of the A.J. Drexel Autism Institute in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6580)

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Prevalence of Young Children Fed Only Breast Milk in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55465?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=021224

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this study of 276,000 children ages 6 to 23 months in 92 low- and middle-income countries, 10.4% were zero-food children (i.e., children who did not consume any animal milk, formula, or solid or semisolid food during the last 24 hours). The prevalence of zero-food children underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve infant and young child feeding practices and ensure optimal nutrition during this critical period of development. The issue is particularly urgent in West and Central Africa and India.

Authors: S. V. Subramanian, Ph.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55465)

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Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy and Child Neurocognitive Development

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55952?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=021324

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy was associated with enduring deficits in childhood neurocognition in this study including 11,000 children. Continued research on the association of maternal tobacco use during pregnancy with cognitive performance and brain structure related to language processing skills and episodic memory is needed.

Authors: Hongying Daisy Dai, Ph.D., of the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55952)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55808?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=021324

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: In this study of 61,000 adults age 45 or older, those who adhered to physical activity guidelines before the pandemic had lower odds of developing or being hospitalized for COVID-19. Thus, higher prepandemic physical activity levels may be associated with reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization for COVID-19.

Authors: Dennis Muñoz-Vergara, D.V.M., M.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55808)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Association of Economic Policies With Hypertension Management and Control

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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Acute Diabetes Complications After Transition to a Value-Based Medication Benefit

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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Changes in Outpatient Health Care Use After COVID-19 Infection Among Veterans

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55387?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This study including 202,000 veterans with COVID-19 and 202,000 matched uninfected veterans found that outpatient use increased significantly in the month after infection, then attenuated but remained greater than the uninfected cohorts’ use through 12 months, which suggests that there are sustained impacts of COVID-19 infection.

Authors: Matthew L. Maciejewski, Ph.D., of the Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55387)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Long-Term Brain Structure and Cognition Following Bariatric Surgery

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55380?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this study including 133 adults with severe obesity suggest that bariatric surgery was associated with health benefits two years after surgery. Bariatric surgery was associated with improved cognition and general health and changed blood vessel efficiency and cortical thickness of the temporal cortex. These results may improve treatment options for patients with obesity and dementia.

Authors: Amanda J. Kiliaan, Ph.D., of the Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55380)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Time to Anticoagulation Reversal and Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:15 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

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About The Study: In hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines–Stroke, earlier anticoagulation reversal was associated with improved survival for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings support intensive efforts to accelerate evaluation and treatment for patients with this devastating form of stroke.

Authors: Kevin N. Sheth, M.D., of the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0221)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Endovascular Thrombectomy Treatment Effect in Direct vs Transferred Patients With Large Ischemic Strokes

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:42 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0206?guestAccessKey=864e9082-4a99-4efc-b86e-6c98180959fe&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020824

 

About The Study: In this analysis including 352 patients, both directly presenting and transferred patients with large ischemic stroke in the SELECT2 trial benefited from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), including those with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score at referring hospitals. However, the association of EVT with better functional outcomes was numerically better in patients presenting directly to EVT-capable centers. Prolonged transfer times and evolution of ischemic change were associated with worse EVT outcomes.

Authors: Amrou Sarraj, M.D., of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0206)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Visual Impairment and Real-World Home Physical Activity With Home Environment in an Older Population

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6436?guestAccessKey=0c7b70c1-9219-402e-89f3-ff7dc3521ae4&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020824

 

About The Study: The results of this study demonstrated that home environment features, particularly lighting, may influence home activity metrics in older adults with visual impairment. Further prospective studies would be needed to confirm if home modifications can improve at-home activity.

Authors: Pradeep Y. Ramulu, M.D., M.H.S., Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6436)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Late Local Toxic Effects in Patients With Irradiated Breast Cancer

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Automated Machine Learning for Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy Progression From Ultra-Widefield Retinal Images

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Smoking, Drinking, and Dietary Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Participants

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Trends in Phenylephrine and Pseudoephedrine Sales

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: Despite a lack of clinical efficacy evidence, phenylephrine was the most common oral decongestant in the U.S. from 2012-2021, with hundreds of millions of units purchased by retail pharmacies annually, and sales remained stable during this time. In contrast to pseudoephedrine, which is often formulated as a stand-alone product, most phenylephrine products were co-formulated with antihistamines or antitussives, which are likely to provide some symptom relief for cough and cold symptoms. 

Authors: Timothy S. Anderson, M.D., M.A.S., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27932)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Methylprednisolone as Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:30 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.0626?guestAccessKey=7c7cbaf6-f27a-4f3b-bf73-140c61f1f8ea&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020824

 

About The Study: Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, adjunctive methylprednisolone added to endovascular thrombectomy did not significantly improve the degree of overall disability in this randomized clinical trial that included 1,680 patients. 

Authors: Wenjie Zi, M.D., and Fengli Li, M.D., of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) in Chongqing, China, are the corresponding authors.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0626)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Time to Treatment With Intravenous Thrombolysis Before Thrombectomy and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:15 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.0589?guestAccessKey=51656837-58d8-4433-a0b4-e97b230a19fc&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020724

 

About The Study: In patients presenting at thrombectomy-capable stroke centers, the benefit associated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) plus thrombectomy versus thrombectomy alone was time dependent and statistically significant only if the time from symptom onset to expected administration of IVT was short in this individual participant data meta-analysis (n = 2,313) of six randomized clinical trials. 

Authors: Johannes Kaesmacher, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Bern in Bern, Switzerland, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0589)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Stroke Across Ischemic Injury and Penumbra Profiles

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.0572?guestAccessKey=38faebb3-b52e-4fe5-8400-5f96bd7dff37&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020724

 

About The Study: In this exploratory analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 336 patients with extensive ischemic stroke, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improved clinical outcomes across a wide spectrum of infarct volumes, although enrollment of patients with minimal penumbra volume was low. In EVT-treated patients, clinical outcomes worsened as presenting ischemic injury estimates increased. 

Authors: Amrou Sarraj, M.D., of University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center—Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0572)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Apixaban to Prevent Recurrence After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the International Stroke Conference 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2023.27188?guestAccessKey=8dbc1dfe-3156-41b0-bc51-06e41924a613&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020724

 

About The Study: In patients with cryptogenic stroke and evidence of atrial cardiopathy without atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulant therapy with apixaban did not significantly reduce recurrent stroke risk compared with aspirin in this randomized clinical trial that included 1,015 participants. 

Authors: Hooman Kamel, M.D., of Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.27188)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Sex-Specific Pathways From Prenatal Maternal Inflammation to Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5458?guestAccessKey=a39ae9ae-3c31-4a33-9e47-3357c5abc48b&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=020724

Presentation Acuity and Surgical Outcomes for Patients With Health Insurance Living in Highly Deprived Neighborhoods

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Trends in Firearm Injury Prevention Research Funding, Clinical Trials, and Publications in the US

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Trends in Stroke Thrombolysis Care Metrics and Outcomes by Race and Ethnicity

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55927?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020724

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this study of more than 1 million patients with stroke, the Target: Stroke quality initiative was associated with improvement in thrombolysis frequency, timeliness, and outcomes for all racial and ethnic groups. However, disparities persisted, indicating a need for further interventions.

Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55927)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Machine Learning Models for Predicting Disability and Pain Following Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55024?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020724

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this study including 22,000 surgical cases suggest that machine learning models can inform about individual prognosis and aid in surgical decision-making to ultimately reduce ineffective and costly spine care.

Authors: Bjørnar Berg, Ph.D., of Oslo Metropolitan University in Oslo, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55024)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Cancer Risk Following Smoking Cessation

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54958?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020624

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Sustained smoking cessation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of cancer after 10 years since quitting in this study of 2.9 million Korean adults. Quitting at any age helped reduce the cancer risk, and especially for lung cancer, early cessation before middle age exhibited a substantial risk reduction.

Authors: Jin-Kyoung Oh, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy in Goyang, Republic of Korea, is the corresponding author. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54958)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Gun Violence Exposure and Suicide Among Black Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54953?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=020624

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Gun violence exposure among Black adults in the U.S. was significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior in this study that included 3,015 Black adults. Public health efforts to substantially reduce interpersonal gun violence may yield additional benefits by decreasing suicide among Black individuals in the U.S.

Authors: Daniel C. Semenza, Ph.D., of Rutgers University in Camden, New Jersey, is the corresponding author.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54953)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.