About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study including 903 women with BRCA germline pathogenic variants found that a breast cancer diagnosis less than 10 years postpartum was associated with higher risk of mortality compared with nulliparous women and women diagnosed at least 10 years postpartum. These results should inform genetic counseling, prevention, and treatment strategies for BRCA pathogenic variant carriers.
Authors: Zhenzhen Zhang, Ph.D., of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7421)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study with 322 participants suggest that racial discrimination predisposes Black young adults to metabolic syndrome via sleep problems and inflammation, which may serve as actionable targets for prevention in minoritized populations that could reduce existing disparities and promote health equity.
Authors: Nia Heard-Garris, M.D., M.B.A., M.Sc., of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5288)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Neighborhood disadvantage was independently associated with shorter breast cancer–specific survival even after controlling for individual-level factors, tumor characteristics, and treatment in this national cohort study of 350,000 patients with breast cancer. This suggests potential unaccounted-for mechanisms, including both nonbiologic factors and biologic factors.
Authors: Neha Goel, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7336)
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About The Study: In this cross-sectional study using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 10,000 cancer survivors, only 4% of cancer survivors adhered to all four American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guidelines, with the mean number of guidelines met being 2.0. Improved understanding of guideline adherence and its determinants may guide oncologists and general internists in providing recommendations for their patients who have completed cancer treatments.
Authors: Kathryn Norman, M.D., of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0470)
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About The Study: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that most people experiencing homelessness have mental health disorders, with higher prevalences than those observed in general community samples. Specific interventions are needed to support the mental health needs of this population, including close coordination of mental health, social, and housing services and policies to support people experiencing homelessness with mental disorders.
Authors: Rebecca Barry, Ph.D., of the University of Calgary, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0426)
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About The Study: The findings of this study including more than 1 million Swedish children suggest that the degree of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic differences (heritability) differs between males and females, indicating that some of the underlying causes of the condition may differ between the two sexes. The skewed sex ratio in autism spectrum disorder may be partly explained by differences in genetic variance between the sexes.
Authors: Benjamin H.K. Yip, Ph.D., of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Sven Sandin, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, are the corresponding authors.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0525)
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About The Study: In this study over five respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons, nearly one-quarter of hospitalized adults age 50 or older with RSV infection experienced an acute cardiac event (most frequently acute heart failure), including 1 in 12 adults (8.5%) with no documented underlying cardiovascular disease. The risk of severe outcomes was nearly twice as high in patients with acute cardiac events compared with patients who did not experience an acute cardiac event. These findings clarify the baseline epidemiology of potential cardiac complications of RSV infection prior to RSV vaccine availability.
Authors: Rebecca C. Woodruff, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0212)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: While contraceptive usage increased initially in the month after Dobbs versus Jackson Women’s Health Organization, all contraception types except vasectomy returned to overall downward trends through the end of 2022 in this study that used a national data set of medical and prescription claims. The decreases the researchers found in contraceptive services and the workforce providing these methods may indicate growing challenges for contraception access.
Authors: Julia Strasser, Dr.P.H., M.P.H., of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6044)
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About The Study: Using the most recently available 2011 to 2021 data, researchers found limited associations between recreational cannabis legalization and recreational cannabis retail sales with adolescent substance use, extending previous findings. Recreational cannabis legalization was associated with modest decreases in cannabis, alcohol, and e-cigarette use. Recreational cannabis retail sales were associated with lower e-cigarette use, and with lower likelihood but also increased frequency of cannabis use among users, leading to no overall change in cannabis use.
Authors: Rebekah Levine Coley, Ph.D., of Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0555)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study support that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) undergo rapid transitions between neutral and negative emotional states, a phenomenon intensified by the severity of emotional numbing symptoms. Therapeutic interventions aimed at moderating these swift emotional transitions could potentially alleviate PTSD symptoms.
Authors: Nachshon Korem, Ph.D., of the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6813)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 2,570 participants, those with untreated and new-onset hypertension had increased risk of newly diagnosed fibroids, whereas those taking antihypertensive treatment had lower risk, suggesting that blood pressure control may provide new strategies for fibroid prevention.
Authors: Susanna D. Mitro, Ph.D., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6832)
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About The Study: In a national cohort study of more than 2 million women in Sweden, women who experienced any of five major adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm delivery, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, other hypertensive disorders, and gestational diabetes) had increased mortality risks that remained elevated more than 40 years later. Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes need early preventive evaluation and long-term follow-up for detection and treatment of chronic disorders associated with premature mortality.
Authors: Casey Crump, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0276)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of National Immunization Survey–Child data, improvements in vaccination timeliness were observed from the 2011 to the 2021 survey. However, widening disparities by socioeconomic indicators signal that increased efforts to facilitate timely vaccination among children in lower-income families are needed.
Authors: Sophia R. Newcomer, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University of Montana, Missoula, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6440)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty is cost saving compared with semaglutide in the treatment of class II obesity. On price threshold analyses, a 3-fold decrease in the price of semaglutide is needed to achieve nondominance.
Authors: Christopher C. Thompson, M.D., M.Sc., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6221)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: Researchers observed an abrupt increase in permanent contraception procedures among adults ages 18 to 30 following Dobbs. The increase in procedures for female patients was double that for male patients. These patterns offer insights into the gendered dynamics of permanent contraceptive use and may reflect the disproportionate health, social, and economic consequences of compulsory pregnancy on women and people with the capacity to become pregnant.
Authors: Jacqueline E. Ellison, Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.0424)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study that included 1,470 adults with chronic low back pain, physician empathy was associated with better outcomes over 12 months. Greater efforts to cultivate and improve physician empathy appear warranted.
Authors: John C. Licciardone, D.O., M.S., M.B.A., of the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6026)
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About The Study: The results of this study suggest that young breast cancer survivors without a germline pathogenic variant have a low risk of developing a second primary breast cancer in the first 10 years after diagnosis. Findings from germline genetic testing may inform treatment decision-making and follow-up care considerations in this population.
Authors: Kristen D. Brantley, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0286)
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About The Study: As of 2022, the midlife mortality rates from deaths of despair (deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcoholic liver disease) among Black individuals were higher than rates among white individuals, and rates among American Indian or Alaska Native individuals remained higher than rates in the other groups. Rising inequalities in deaths of despair among American Indian or Alaska Native and Black individuals were largely attributable to disproportionate early mortality from drug- and alcohol-related causes, which increased leading up to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Joseph Friedman, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0303)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of health care personnel (HCP), compared with non-Hispanic white HCP and clinical HCP with graduate degrees, non-Hispanic Black HCP, non-Hispanic HCP of other races, and HCP of all other professional and education backgrounds were more likely to have delayed COVID-19 testing. These findings suggest that time to testing may serve as a valuable metric in evaluating sociodemographic disparities in the response to COVID-19 and future health mitigation strategies.
Authors: DaMarcus E. Baymon, M.D., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5697)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this survey study with 12,000 participants, firearm owners were only moderately more supportive of political violence than nonowners. Recent purchasers and owners who always or nearly always carried firearms in public were more supportive of and willing to engage in political violence than other subsets of firearm owners. These findings can guide risk-based prevention efforts.
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute, M.D., M.P.H., of the UC Davis School of Medicine in Sacramento, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3623)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The top contributing factors for leaving health care employment were planned retirement, burnout, insufficient staffing, and family obligations in this cross-sectional study of 7,887 nurses. The leading reasons signal opportunities for employers to reattract an existing nurse workforce and retain currently employed nurses.
Authors: K. Jane Muir, Ph.D., R.N., F.N.P.-B.C., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4121)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:45 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session.
About The Study: In this cohort study of patients without severe aortic stenosis undergoing echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a new artificial intelligence (AI)-based video biomarker was independently associated with aortic stenosis development and progression, enabling opportunistic risk stratification across cardiovascular imaging modalities as well as potential application on handheld devices.
Authors: Rohan Khera, M.D., M.S., of the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0595)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:45 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session.
About The Study: This systematic review and meta-analysis including data on 1.1 million cases of infective endocarditis found that antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a reduced risk of infective endocarditis following invasive dental procedures in individuals at high risk but not in those at moderate or low/unknown risk. Currently, there is insufficient data to support any benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in individuals at moderate risk.
Authors: Federica Turati, Ph.D., of the Università degli Studi di Milano in Milan, Italy, and Katherine France, D.M.D., M.B.E., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0873)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 7, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session.
About The Study: This randomized clinical trial demonstrates the potential clinical utility of plozasiran, an investigational APOC3-targeted small interfering–RNA drug, to reduce triglyceride level in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Additional studies will be required to determine whether plozasiran favorably modulates the risk of severe hypertriglyceridemia-associated complications.
Authors: Daniel Gaudet, M.D., Ph.D., of the Université de Montréal, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0959)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 7, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session.
About The Study: High-dose influenza vaccine elicited a more robust humoral response in patients with heart failure or prior myocardial infarction enrolled in the INVESTED randomized clinical trial, with no association between seroconversion status and the risk for cardiopulmonary hospitalizations or all-cause mortality. Vaccination to prevent influenza remains critical in high-risk populations.
Authors: Scott D. Solomon, M.D., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, and Orly Vardeny, Pharm.D., M.S., of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0468)
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About The Study: Acetaminophen use during pregnancy was not associated with children’s risk of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or intellectual disability in sibling control analysis. This suggests that associations observed in other models may have been attributable to familial confounding.
Authors: Brian K. Lee, Ph.D., of Drexel University in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3172)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 7, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American College of Cardiology’s Annual Scientific Session.
About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial including 103 American Indian patients, a telephone-based strategy of remote initiation and titration for outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction led to improved rates of guideline-directed medical therapy at 30 days compared with usual care. This low-cost strategy could be expanded to other rural settings where access to care is limited.
Authors: Lauren A. Eberly, M.D., M.P.H., of the Indian Health Service in Gallup, New Mexico, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1523)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 6:30 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 7, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024.
About The Study: In this systematic review and meta-analysis that included 41 randomized clinical trials of cancer screening, incidence of late-stage cancer may be a suitable alternative end point to cancer-specific mortality for some cancer types, but is not suitable for others. These results have implications for clinical trials of multicancer screening tests.
Authors: Hilary A. Robbins, Ph.D., M.H.S., M.S.P.H., of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5814)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, APRIL 7, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024.
About The Study: Most cancer drugs granted accelerated approval did not demonstrate benefit in overall survival or quality of life within five years of accelerated approval.
Patients should be clearly informed about the cancer drugs that use the accelerated approval pathway and do not end up showing benefits in patient-centered clinical outcomes.
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2396)
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Supply chain issues associated with drug shortages increased at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the results of this national cross-sectional study. Ongoing policy work is needed to protect U.S. drug supplies from future shocks and to prioritize clinically valuable drugs at greatest shortage risk.
Authors: Katie J. Suda, Pharm.D., M.S., of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4246)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 39th Annual European Association of Urology Congress.
About The Study: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer screening pathways is associated with a reduced number of unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis of insignificant prostate cancer while maintaining clinically significant prostate cancer detection as compared with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only screening.
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, M.D., D.Dr.(hc), of Medical University Vienna in Vienna, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0734)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4:15 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 39th Annual European Association of Urology Congress.
About The Study: In this preliminary descriptive report from an ongoing randomized clinical trial, one additional high-grade cancer per 196 men and one low-grade cancer per 909 men were detected among those randomized to be invited to undergo a single prostate cancer screening intervention compared with those not invited to undergo screening. These preliminary findings from a single round of screening should be interpreted cautiously, pending results of the study’s primary mortality outcome.
Authors: Anssi Auvinen, M.D., Ph.D., of Tampere University in Tampere, Finland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3841)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:30 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the 39th Annual European Association of Urology Congress.
About The Study: A single invitation for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening compared with standard practice without routine screening reduced prostate cancer deaths at a median follow-up of 15 years in this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. However, the absolute reduction in deaths was small.
Authors: Richard M. Martin, B.M., B.S., Ph.D., of the University of Bristol in Bristol, United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4011)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this randomized crossover clinical trial with 62 participants, non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID condition (PCC) generally tolerated exercise with preserved cardiovascular function but showed lower aerobic capacity and less muscle strength than the control group. They also showed signs of postural orthostatic tachycardia and myopathy. The findings suggest cautious exercise adoption could be recommended to prevent further skeletal muscle deconditioning and health impairment in patients with PCC.
Authors: Andrea Tryfonos, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4386)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Among 7,998 adults hospitalized during the 16 months before the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine recommendations, RSV disease was less common but similar in severity compared with COVID-19 or influenza disease among unvaccinated patients and more severe than COVID-19 or influenza disease among vaccinated patients for the most serious outcomes of invasive mechanical ventilation or death.
Authors: Diya Surie, M.D., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4954)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: In a survey study of residents of all accredited general surgery programs, one-third of trainees reported lack of meaningful mentorship, particularly non-white or Hispanic trainees. Although education and wellness are multifactorial issues, mentorship was associated with improvement; thus, efforts to facilitate mentorship are needed, especially for minoritized residents.
Authors: Yue-Yung Hu, M.D., M.P.H., of Northwestern University in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0533)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that the consequences of structural racism extend beyond inequities in health care to drive disparities in breast cancer outcome. Additional research is needed with more comprehensive social and environmental measures to better understand the influence of social determinants on aggressive estrogen receptor-positive tumor biology among racial and ethnic minoritized women from disadvantaged and historically marginalized communities.
Authors: Gregory S. Calip, Pharm.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4862)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: High levels of glucose and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein were associated with future risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in this study of more than 200,000 participants. These findings may support closer follow-up of individuals with metabolic dysregulations for the prevention and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
Authors: Charilaos Chourpiliadis, M.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4525)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 9,740 surveillance colonoscopies among 9,601 adults ages 70 to 85 with prior colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer detection was rare regardless of prior adenoma finding, whereas the advanced neoplasia yield was 12% overall. Yields were higher among those with a prior advanced adenoma than among those with prior nonadvanced adenoma and did not increase significantly with age. These findings can help inform whether to continue surveillance colonoscopy in older adults.
Authors: Jeffrey K. Lee, M.D., M.P.H., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4611)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this nationally representative cohort study, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality. Since the 1970s, PBDEs have been used as flame retardants in a wide array of consumer products, such as building materials, furnishings, and electronics. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
Authors: Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., and Buyun Liu, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, Anhui, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3127)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
