Trends in Private Equity Consolidation in Cardiovascular Care

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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

USPSTF Recommendation Statement on Interventions for High BMI in Children and Adolescents

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 2024

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that clinicians provide or refer children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high body mass index (BMI; at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex) to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions. Approximately 19.7% of children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 in the U.S. have a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts from 2000. The prevalence of high BMI increases with age and is higher among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents and children from lower-income families. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this recommendation is consistent with its 2017 recommendation statement on screening for obesity in children and adolescents.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.11146)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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Germline CDH1 Variants and Lifetime Cancer Risk

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium.

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About The Study: Among families from North America with germline CDH1 P/LP variants, the cumulative risk of gastric cancer was 7% to 10%, which was lower than previously described, and the cumulative risk of breast cancer among female carriers was 37%, which was similar to prior estimates. These findings inform current management of individuals with germline CDH1 variants.

 

Quote from corresponding author Jeremy L. Davis, M.D.:

“We showed that the lifetime risk of cancer, specifically stomach cancer, in people born with CDH1 gene mutations is lower than we previously thought. This is very important to patients because for over 20 years we have recommended prophylactic stomach removal to eliminate the risk of hereditary gastric cancer. Complete stomach removal is a major operation, and life without a stomach has significant, long-lasting consequences.

“We believe these results will help many people save their stomachs. It is important to note that this research was made possible by a commitment to studying a rare disease and by sharing data across institutions.”

Contact information for Jeremy L. Davis, M.D.: email jeremy.davis@nih.gov.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10852)

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Dapagliflozin for Critically Ill Patients With Acute Organ Dysfunction

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Meeting 2024.

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About The Study: The addition of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, to standard care for critically ill patients and acute organ dysfunction did not improve clinical outcomes; however, confidence intervals were wide and could not exclude relevant benefits or harms for dapagliflozin. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Fernando G. Zampieri, M.D., Ph.D., email fernando.zampieri@einstein.br.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10510)

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Cervical Cancer Screening Rates Among Rural and Urban Females

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This repeated cross-sectional study found that past-year Papanicolaou testing rates were lower in 2022 than 2019, pointing to a need to increase access to screenings to prevent an uptick in cervical cancer incidence. Rural-vs-urban differences in 2022 indicate a need to specifically target rural females. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tyrone F. Borders, Ph.D., email ty.borders@uky.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17094)

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Pediatric RSV Hospitalizations and Respiratory Support After the Pandemic

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study identified a post-pandemic pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surge that resulted in markedly increased hospital volumes and advanced respiratory support needs in older children with fewer comorbidities than pre-pandemic seasons. These clinical trends may inform novel vaccine allocation to reduce the overall burden during future RSV seasons.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding authors, email Zachary A. Winthrop, M.D. (zachary.winthrop@childrens.harvard.edu), and Melody G. Duvall, M.D., Ph.D. (melody.duvall@childrens.harvard.edu).

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16852)

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Longitudinal Trends and Disparities in Diabetic Retinopathy Within an Aggregate Health Care Network

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Insurance Disparities in Quality of Care Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

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Association Between Cost Sharing and Naloxone Prescription Dispensing

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, JUNE 13, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: The elimination of cost sharing might be associated with increased naloxone dispensing to commercially insured and Medicare patients.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kao-Ping Chua, M.D., Ph.D., email chuak@med.umich.edu. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8378)

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Neighborhood Deprivation and Breast Cancer Mortality Among Black and White Women

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased breast cancer mortality among non-Hispanic white women in this cohort study. Neighborhood racial composition, residential mobility, and rurality did not explain the lack of association among non-Hispanic Black women, suggesting that factors beyond those explored here may contribute to breast cancer mortality in this racial group. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lauren E. Barber, Ph.D., email lauren.barber@emory.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16499)

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Incidence of Dementia Before Age 65 Years Among World Trade Center Attack Responders

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cohort study of World Trade Center responders who survived these unique exposures and participated in a longitudinal follow-up study of cognition from 2014 through 2022, when compared with responders with the lowest exposure levels or responders who used personalized protective equipment (PPE), more severe exposure to dust or debris was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia before 65 years of age. This study suggests that the reliable use of PPE might help prevent the onset of dementia before age 65 years among individuals exposed to an uncontrolled building collapse. Future research is warranted to determine cerebral biomarkers for individuals with exposure-associated dementia.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sean A. P. Clouston, Ph.D., email sean.clouston@stonybrookmedicine.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16504)

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Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Meeting 2024.

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About The Study: Among adults in the intensive care unit who had sepsis or septic shock, the use of prolonged β-lactam antibiotic infusions was associated with a reduced risk of 90-day mortality compared with intermittent infusions. The current evidence presents a high degree of certainty for clinicians to consider prolonged infusions as a standard of care in the management of sepsis and septic shock.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jason A. Roberts, B.Pharm., Ph.D., email j.roberts@uq.edu.au. 

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9803)

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Continuous vs Intermittent β-Lactam Antibiotic Infusions in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Meeting 2024.

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About The Study: The observed difference in 90-day mortality between continuous versus intermittent infusions of β-lactam antibiotics did not meet statistical significance in the primary analysis. However, the confidence interval around the effect estimate includes the possibility of both no important effect and a clinically important benefit in the use of continuous infusions in this group of patients.

 

Quote from corresponding author Joel M. Dulhunty, M.D., Ph.D.:

“The BLING III trial provides important evidence to guide antibiotic management and improve outcomes for patients with sepsis. This large randomized clinical trial involved over 7,000 patients with sepsis and compared continuous and short intermittent infusions for two common beta-lactam antibiotics. We found mortality at 90 days was 2% lower and clinical cure was 6% higher in patients receiving continuous infusions.

 

“While the difference in survival was not statistically significant, we conclude that these findings represent a likely clinically important benefit with the use of continuous infusions in adult patients treated for sepsis in the intensive care unit with piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem.”

 

Contact information for Joel M. Dulhunty, M.D., Ph.D.: email Joel.Dulhunty@health.qld.gov.au.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9779)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 10, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: This study’s findings indicated 1 of 5 children or adolescents experienced excess weight and that rates of excess weight varied by regional income and Human Development Index. Excess weight among children and adolescents was associated with a mix of inherent, behavioral, environmental, and sociocultural influences that need the attention and committed intervention of primary care professionals, clinicians, health authorities, and the general public.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding authors, email Kewei Li, Ph.D. (vivian5225133@outlook.com) and Zhihui Li, Ph.D. (rockoliver@vip.sina.com).

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1576)

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Women’s Representation in RCTs Evaluating FDA-Supervised Medical Devices

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Tau Positron Emission Tomography for Predicting Dementia in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Cancer Incidence Trends in Successive Social Generations in the US

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, JUNE 10, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this model-based cohort analysis of incident invasive cancer in the general population, decreases in lung and cervical cancers in Generation X may be offset by gains at other sites. Generation X may be experiencing larger per-capita increases in the incidence of leading cancers than any prior generation born in 1908 through 1964. On current trajectories, cancer incidence could remain high for decades.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Philip S. Rosenberg, Ph.D., email rosenbep@mail.nih.gov.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15731)

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Severe Pediatric Neurological Manifestations With SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C Hospitalization and New Morbidity

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, JUNE 10, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The results of this study suggest that children and adolescents with acute SARS-CoV-2 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and severe neurological manifestations may be at high risk for long-term impairment and may benefit from screening and early intervention to assist recovery. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ericka L. Fink, M.D., M.S., email finkel@ccm.upmc.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14122)

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Bidirectional Associations of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function Over Time

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: Greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer memory at the study baseline and steeper memory change over time. A gradual linear change in depressive symptoms contributed to accelerated memory loss and vice versa, suggesting that psychological mood and memory performance are intrinsically associated.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Dorina Cadar, Ph.D., email d.cadar@bsms.ac.uk.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16305)

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Sedentary Behaviors, Light-Intensity Physical Activity, and Healthy Aging

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 11, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: In this cohort study, longer television watching time decreased odds of healthy aging, whereas light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased odds of healthy aging and replacing sitting watching television with LPA or MVPA, or with sleep in those who slept 7 hours per day or less, was associated with increased odds of healthy aging, providing evidence for rearranging 24-hour behavior to promote overall health.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Molin Wang, Ph.D., email mwang@hsph.harvard.edu.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16300)

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Race and Ethnicity Representation in Phase 2/3 Oncology Clinical Trial Publications

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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Symptoms in Adults With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Demystifying Long COVID North American Conference 2024. 

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007?guestAccessKey=face4b31-1b6e-498a-a147-cf6a9dee6986&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=060724

 

About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial showed that a 15-day course of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in a population of patients with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) was generally safe but did not demonstrate a significant benefit for improving select PASC symptoms in a mostly vaccinated cohort with protracted symptom duration. Further studies are needed to determine the role of antivirals in the treatment of PASC. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding authors, email Linda N. Geng, M.D., Ph.D. (geng@stanford.edu) and Upinder Singh, M.D. (usingh@stanford.edu).

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Bariatric Metabolic Surgery vs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Mortality

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Bariatric metabolic surgery was associated with greater reduced mortality compared with first-generation glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) among individuals with a diabetes duration of 10 years or less, mediated via greater weight loss in this cohort study. No differences in the risk for mortality were observed between the treatment modalities among individuals with a longer duration of diabetes, nor in the occurrence of nonfatal major adverse cardiovascular events among all patients. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Orna Reges, Ph.D., email orna.reges@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15392)

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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Using 3 Definitions Among Women in the US and Canada

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Three definitions of iron deficiency were associated with significantly different prevalence of iron deficiency in women, regardless of self-reported age, pregnancy, or race and ethnicity. Using higher serum ferritin thresholds to define iron deficiency could lead to diagnosis and treatment of more women with iron deficiency and greater reduction of related morbidity. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, James C. Barton, M.D., email bartonjames336@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13967)

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Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Nurse Case Management in Black and Hispanic Patients With Stroke

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Heavy Lifetime Cannabis Use and Mortality by Sex

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, JUNE 6, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: A positive association between cardiovascular disease mortality and heavy lifetime cannabis use was observed among females in this study. Longitudinal studies are needed in general populations to investigate the potential effects of cannabis on mortality.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Alexandre Vallee, M.D., Ph.D., email al.vallee@hopital-foch.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15227)

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Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Status, Mortality, and Prediabetes in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, JUNE 6, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cohort study of U.S. Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults, lower moderate to vigorous physical activity levels were associated with cardiovascular disease or mortality among participants with normoglycemia but not participants with prediabetes. Adults with prediabetes may benefit from reducing sedentary behavior and improving multiple lifestyle factors beyond improving moderate to vigorous physical activity alone. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Robert C. Kaplan, Ph.D., email robert.kaplan@einsteinmed.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15094)

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Early Implementation of Exercise to Facilitate Recovery After Breast Cancer Surgery

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Large Language Model Capabilities in Perioperative Risk Prediction and Prognostication

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Cannabis Use Reported by Patients Receiving Primary Care in a Large Health System

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Cannabis use and risk of cannabis use disorder were common, and more than three-quarters of patients who reported any cannabis use reported doing so to manage a health-related symptom in this study. These findings suggest that integration of information regarding cannabis use for symptom management could help provide a crucial point-of-care opportunity for clinicians to understand their patients’ risk for cannabis use disorder. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marjan Javanbakht, M.P.H., Ph.D., email javan@ucla.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14809)

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The Carceral State, Social Disorganization, and Firearm Homicides in Chicago

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: This study found that higher rates of incarceration were associated with increased rates of firearm homicides among Black communities alone; this association was found to be mediated partially through the density of single-parent households in these areas, suggesting that social disorganization resulting from mass incarceration may perpetuate firearm homicides. Targeted policies addressing mass incarceration and the disparities therein may be a means of reducing urban firearm homicides. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Michael Poulson, M.D., M.P.H., email mpoulson@bu.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1596)

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Mortality and Morbidity in Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: Mortality in rheumatic heart disease is high and is correlated with the severity of valve disease. Valve surgery and valvuloplasty were associated with substantially lower mortality. Study findings suggest a greater need to improve access to surgical and interventional care, in addition to the current approaches focused on antibiotic prophylaxis and anticoagulation.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ganesan Karthikeyan, M.D., D.M., email karthik2010@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8258)

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Service Dogs for Veterans and Military Members With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This nonrandomized controlled trial found that compared with usual care alone, partnership with a trained psychiatric service dog was associated with lower posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and higher psychosocial functioning in veterans. Psychiatric service dogs may be an effective complementary intervention for military service–related PTSD. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marguerite E. O’Haire, Ph.D., email maggieohaire@arizona.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14686)

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Access to Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing and Mortality Among Men With Prostate Cancer

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This population-based cohort study of men with prostate cancer suggests that higher county-level prevalence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening was associated with lower odds of advanced disease, all-cause mortality, and prostate cancer–specific mortality. Associations varied by age, race and ethnicity, and U.S. Census region. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hari S. Iyer, Sc.D., M.P.H., email hari.iyer@rutgers.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14582)

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Lowering Fecal Immunochemical Test Positivity Threshold vs Multitarget Stool RNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.

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About The Study: This study found that comparable levels of sensitivity and specificity as reported for the multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test in the colorectal cancer (CRC)-PREVENT study could be achieved by lowering the fecal immunochemical test positivity threshold, without additional mt-sRNA testing. The findings are similar to previous observations for multitarget stool DNA testing.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hermann Brenner, M.D., M.P.H., email h.brenner@dkfz.de.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9289)

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Medicaid Disenrollment After the End of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency

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Weight Indices, Cognition, and Mental Health From Childhood to Early Adolescence

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: Lower cognitive performance and greater psychopathology at baseline were associated with increased weight gain as children entered adolescence, and higher baseline body mass index was associated with more depressive symptoms over time. These longitudinal findings highlight the importance of cognitive and mental health to children’s healthy weight development and suggest that clinicians should monitor children with overweight or obesity for increased depression problems.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tamara Hershey, Ph.D., email tammy@wustl.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1379)

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Clinical Outcomes After Admission of Patients With COVID-19 to Skilled Nursing Facilities

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.  

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About The Study: The results of this cohort study suggest that admission of COVID-19–positive patients into skilled nursing facilities early in the pandemic was associated with preventable COVID-19 cases and mortality among residents, particularly in facilities with potential staff and personal protective equipment shortages. The findings speak to the importance of equipping skilled nursing facilities to adhere to infection-control best practices as they continue to face COVID-19 strains and other respiratory diseases. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Michael L. Barnett, M.D., M.S., email mbarnett@hsph.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1079)

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Assessing the Environmental and Downstream Human Health Impacts of Decentralizing Cancer Care

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:44 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.

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About The Study: This cohort study found that using decentralization through telemedicine and local care may substantially reduce cancer care’s greenhouse gas emissions; this corresponds to small reductions in human mortality. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Gregory A. Abel, M.D., M.P.H., email gregory_abel@dfci.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.2744)

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Geographic Distribution of Clinical Trials for Advanced-Stage Cancer

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.

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About The Study: This quality improvement analysis of clinical trials for metastatic breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, and prostate cancers found that a large proportion of the U.S. population lived within 30 miles of a clinical trial site. This finding suggests that while many clinical trials are available, they are not evenly distributed across the country and may not be accessible to all individuals, particularly racial and ethnic minority individuals. This disparity in access to clinical trials raises important questions about equity and fairness in the distribution of health care resources and opportunities for treatment. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Wade T. Swenson, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A., email drswenson@lakewoodhealthsystem.com; wade@ruralcancer.org.

 

 (doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.1690)

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Ivonescimab Plus Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Variant

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3:45 P.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 31, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.

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About The Study: Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival with tolerable safety profile in patients with non–small cell lung cancer who previously underwent EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment and may offer a new treatment option for patients with TKI resistance. 

 

Quote from corresponding author Li Zhang, M.D.:

“For patients with non-small cell lung cancer whose illness has progressed while receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy, especially the third generation TKIs, optimal treatment options remain limited.

“This randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study demonstrated ivonescimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (7.1 vs 4.8 months) compared with chemotherapy alone in TKI-treated non-small cell lung cancer.

“Based on the results of this study, ivonescimab has been approved in China as a new treatment option for those patients. An international multi-center study of this treatment regimen is ongoing.”

Contact information for Li Zhang, M.D.: email zhangli@sysucc.org.cn.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10613)

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Stepped Palliative Care for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, JUNE 2, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.

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About The Study: A stepped-care model, with palliative care visits occurring only at key points in patients’ cancer trajectories and using a decrement in quality of life to trigger more intensive palliative care exposure, resulted in fewer palliative care visits without diminishing the benefits for patients’ quality of life. While stepped palliative care was associated with fewer days in hospice, it is a more scalable way to deliver early palliative care to enhance patient-reported outcomes. 

 

Quote from corresponding author Jennifer S. Temel, M.D.:

“This study demonstrates that early palliative care can be effectively tailored to a patient’s cancer and care needs to maximize their quality of life while utilizing fewer palliative care resources. Implementing this patient-centered approach to delivering early palliative care will allow more patients to access essential early palliative care services.

“These findings are especially salient as patients with advanced cancer are now living longer while being treated with life-long cancer therapies, so a tailored palliative care model enables greater dissemination of palliative care services while ensuring patients receive the care they need when they need it.

“This research continues to grow the evidence base that early palliative care is a necessary and integral component of cancer care for patients diagnosed with advanced cancer and provides data on how to increase the number of patients who can access this essential service.”  

Contact information for Jennifer S. Temel, M.D.: email jtemel@mgh.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10398)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 31, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorials are linked to this news release.

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About The Study: In Chinese adults with obesity or overweight, once-weekly injection with tirzepatide 10 mg or 15 mg resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful weight reduction with an acceptable safety profile. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Xiaoying Li, M.D., email li.xiaoying@zshospital.sh.cn.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9217)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Experience of Personal Loss Due to Drug Overdose Among US Adults

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.1262?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=053124

About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Women

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, MAY 31, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 23% lower risk of all-cause mortality in this cohort study. This inverse association was partially explained by multiple cardiometabolic factors. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Shafqat Ahmad, Ph.D., email shafqat.ahmad@medsci.uu.se.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14322)

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USPSTF Recommendation Statement on Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:30 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 2024

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time and all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.8481?guestAccessKey=fb65a169-6db7-4d00-9ee7-c65a46a2fcd3&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=060424

 

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls. The USPSTF recommends that clinicians individualize the decision to offer multifactorial interventions to prevent falls to community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls. Existing evidence indicates that the overall net benefit of routinely offering multifactorial interventions to prevent falls is small. When determining whether this service is appropriate for an individual, patients and clinicians should consider the balance of benefits and harms based on the circumstances of prior falls, presence of comorbid medical conditions, and the patient’s values and preferences. Falls are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality among older adults in the U.S. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this recommendation replaces the 2018 recommendation.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8481)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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The Integration of Clinical Trials With the Practice of Medicine

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, JUNE 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About The Study: This article discusses the need for better integration of clinical trials and health care delivery enterprises. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Derek C. Angus, M.D., M.P.H., email angusdc@pitt.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.4088)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiopulmonary Events After Acute Coronary Syndromes

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13946?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=053024

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, patients who received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose after acute coronary syndromes had similar rates of the primary composite end point and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with unvaccinated patients. However, retrospective studies have demonstrated a short-term reduction in MACE risk after COVID-19 vaccination. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Henrique Andrade R. Fonseca, Ph.D., email henrique.fonseca@einstein.br.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13946)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Trends in Diagnosed PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder in College Students

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13874?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=053024

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this serial cross-sectional study including a national sample of U.S. college students, researchers found a notable increase in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder, rising by 4.1 percentage points and 0.5 percentage points from 2017 to 2022, respectively. These trends highlight the escalating mental health challenges among college students, which is consistent with recent research reporting a surge in psychiatric diagnoses. Factors contributing to this rise may include pandemic-related stressors (e.g., loss of loved ones) and the effect of traumatic events (e.g., campus shootings, racial trauma). 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yusen Zhai, Ph.D., email yzhai@uab.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13874)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Using Protocol-Directed Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.6695?guestAccessKey=eb10ccd7-9ab0-4ae2-894d-978a28e0451f&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=053024

 

About The Study: In this study, 10 years after diagnosis, 49% of men remained free of progression or treatment, less than 2% developed metastatic disease, and less than 1% died of their disease. Later progression and treatment during surveillance were not associated with worse outcomes. These results demonstrate active surveillance as an effective management strategy for patients diagnosed with favorable-risk prostate cancer. 

 

Quote from corresponding author Lisa F. Newcomb, Ph.D.:

“Our study showed that using active surveillance that includes regular PSA exams and prostate biopsies is a safe and effective management strategy for favorable risk prostate cancer.

“An important finding was that adverse outcomes such as recurrence or metastasis do not seem worse in people treated after several years of surveillance versus one year of surveillance, alleviating concern about losing a window of curability.

“We hope that this study encourages the national acceptance of active surveillance instead of immediate treatment for prostate cancer.”

 

Contact information for Lisa F. Newcomb, Ph.D.: email Kat Wynn at kwynn@fredhutch.org.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6695)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Isotretinoin for Acne in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals Receiving Masculinizing Hormone Therapy

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Adolescent and Adult Transitions From Major Depressive Disorder to Bipolar Disorder

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Ransomware Attacks, ED Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Targeted and Nearby Hospitals

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.7752?guestAccessKey=387346ff-a796-48f0-bdc9-b3d2fcccde6c&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=052924

 

About The Study: This study found a temporary decrease in emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions in hospitals targeted by ransomware attacks and a temporary increase in ED visits in unattacked nearby hospitals in California, suggesting that the consequences of such attacks are broader than the targeted hospitals. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rahi Abouk, Ph.D., email aboukr@wpunj.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7752)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Sweetened Beverage Tax Implementation and Change in Body Mass Index Among Children in Seattle

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13644?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=052924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The results of this study suggest that the sweetened beverage tax in Seattle may be associated with a small but reasonable reduction in body mass index (BMI) among children living in Seattle compared with children living in nearby nontaxed areas who were receiving care within the same health care systems. Taken together with existing studies in the U.S., these results suggest that sweetened beverage taxes may be an effective policy for improving children’s BMI. Future research should test this association using longitudinal data in other U.S. cities with sweetened beverage taxes. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jessica C. Jones-Smith, Ph.D., email jjoness@uw.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13644)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Abortion Provision and Delays to Care in a Clinic Network in Washington State After Dobbs

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13847?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=052924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this study provide a detailed picture of changes in abortion provision and delays to care after Dobbs in a state bordering a total ban state. In this study, more people traveled from out of state to receive care and in-state patients sought care a week later in gestation. These findings can inform interventions and policies to improve access for all seeking abortion care. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Taylor Riley, Ph.D., M.P.H., email striley@uw.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13847)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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Algorithmic Content Recommendations on a Video-Sharing Platform Used by Children

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13855?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=052924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this study of video recommendations for search terms popular with children, thumbnails contained problematic and attention-capturing designs including violent, stereotyped, and frightening themes. Research is needed to understand how children respond to thumbnail designs and whether such designs influence the quality of content children consume. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jenny Radesky, M.D., email jradesky@med.umich.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13855)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

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