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Posted August 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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How Common is Nearsightedness Among Schoolchildren in Japan?

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study of 1,400 elementary and junior high school students in Tokyo estimated the rate of nearsightedness.

Authors: Toshihide Kurihara, M.D., Ph.D., and Kazuo Tsubota, M.D., Ph.D., of the Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3103)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Feasibility of Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions in Community Hospitals

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study evaluated whether implementing two antimicrobial stewardship interventions (pharmacist approval to continue antibiotic use after the first dose and pharmacist engagement with the prescriber about antibiotic appropriateness after 72 hours of treatment) were feasible in community hospitals.

Authors: Deverick J. Anderson, M.D., M.P.H., of the Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9369)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Differences in End-of-Life Interventions Between Men, Women With Advanced Dementia

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: In a study of 27,000 nursing home residents in Canada with advanced dementia who died, researchers describe differences between men and women in receiving burdensome interventions in the last 30 days of life (including invasive procedures and physical restraints) and antibiotic therapy.

Authors: Paula A. Rochon, M.D., M.P.H., of the Women’s College Hospital in Toronto, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9557)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Firearm Storage Practices Among Military Personnel With Suicidal Thoughts

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Craig J. Bryan, Psy.D., A.B.P.P., email Julie Kiefer at julie.kiefer@hsc.utah.edu. The full study and podcast are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This observational study analyzed survey data from 1,652 active-duty military personnel to examine associations between firearm ownership and storage practices with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. More than one-third (35.7%) of military personnel reported having a firearm in or around their homes, with 32.2% indicating their firearms were safely stored unloaded and locked up. Study authors report that although service members with recent thoughts about death or self-harm were less likely to report having firearms at home, safe storage practices were less common among those with a history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors who had firearms. Limitations of the study include self-reported information.

Authors: Craig J. Bryan, Psy.D., A.B.P.P., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9160)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Is Blood Pressure Measured Outside of Clinic Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in African Americans?

Posted August 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Yuichiro Yano, M.D., Ph.D., email Sarah Avery at sarah.avery@duke.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This observational study examined whether daytime and nighttime blood pressure (BP) levels measured outside a clinical setting are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk of death. Blood pressure levels measured at a clinic may not accurately reflect levels that a person experiences at home, work or while asleep. Using data from the Jackson Heart Study, which is designed to identify CVD risk factors among African American individuals, this analysis included 1,034 adults who had average daytime and nighttime BP levels calculated based on measurements from a BP monitor on their arm that took readings every 20 minutes during a 24-hour period. During follow-up there were 113 CVD events (including coronary heart disease and stroke) and 194 deaths. The authors report that individuals with higher levels of daytime and nighttime systolic BP had an associated increased risk for CVD events and death, independent of BP levels measured in the clinic. The increase in CVD risk was larger among participants not taking BP medication. The findings suggest monitoring daytime and nighttime BP outside the clinic during a 24-hour period may help to identify African Americans at increased risk for CVD. A limitation of the study to consider is that 24-hour BP monitoring was performed only once among participants, and the researchers were unable to assess whether changes in daytime and nighttime BP during follow-up were associated with outcomes.

Authors: Yuichiro Yano, M.D., Ph.D., Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, and coauthors.

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2845)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Age Distribution of New Obesity-Associated Cancer Cases

Posted August 12, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study examines changes in the age distribution of new obesity-associated cancer cases and nonobesity-associated cancer cases from 2000 to 2016 by sex and race/ethnicity.

Authors: Siran M. Koroukian, Ph.D., of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9261)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Are Refugees at Increased Risk of Developing Mental Disorders?

Posted August 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jonathan Henssler, M.D., email jonathan.henssler@charite.de. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Whether the experience of being a refugee increases the probability of developing a mental disorder such as schizophrenia was the focus of this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis that combined the results of nine studies involving 540,000 refugees in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Canada. The relative risk of refugees developing nonaffective psychosis (which includes several mental disorders such as schizophrenia) was compared with the risk of natives of the host country and nonrefugee migrants there. Study authors report the refugee experience may be a risk factor in nonaffective psychosis in migrants. Limitations of the research include that with the exception of Canada, the studies included in the analysis were all from Scandinavian countries, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other countries.

Authors: Lasse Brandt, M.D. and Jonathan Henssler, M.D., Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1937)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Doctors Help Parents Talk With Teens About Sex, Alcohol

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Carol A. Ford, M.D., email Joey McCool Ryan at MCCOOL@email.chop.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9535?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=081619

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Parents and teens find it difficult to talk about sex and alcohol, and this study finds that doctors can help. This randomized clinical trial evaluated whether interventions targeted at parents in primary care pediatric settings might improve communications between parents and their teens about sexual health and alcohol use. The interventions were selected because in previous research outside of clinic settings they have been shown to encourage teens to wait until they’re older to have sex, use protection if they do have sex, and reduce alcohol use. The study included 118 parent-adolescent pairs, with 38 pairs in a sexual health intervention, 40 pairs in an alcohol prevention intervention, and 40 pairs in a control group for comparison who received usual care. Parents in the interventions received coaching on key messages regarding sexual health and alcohol and were encouraged to engage in parent-adolescent communication about it within two weeks, at which time there was a follow-up call to parents from health coaches. Participants were surveyed four months later and study authors report an increased frequency of parent-teen communications about sexual health and alcohol use in the intervention groups compared to the control group. Results suggest that doctors have an opportunity to help parents and teens communicate about sex and alcohol in ways that will help young people make healthier choices about sexual behaviors and alcohol use. Limitations of the study include that it was conducted at a single site and parent-teen communications were self-reported.

Authors: Carol A. Ford, M.D., Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9535)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 12, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Cannabis-Related Poison Control Cases in Kids, Teens in Massachusetts Around Medical Marijuana Legalization

Posted August 13, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Jennifer M. Whitehill, Ph.D., email Patty Shillington at pshillington@umass.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Rates of marijuana exposure cases in children and teens reported to a poison control center increased after Massachusetts legalized medical marijuana in 2012. From 2009 to 2016, there were 218 cannabis-related calls (a small portion of the calls to the poison center) about exposure in children and teens to age 19, with most of the calls coming from health care facilities. Teens ages 15 to 19 were involved in the highest number of cases followed by children to age 4. Exposures among teenagers were mostly classified as intentional whereas exposures among young children were unintentional. There were statistically significant increases in the number of exposures to edible products in both of these age groups. The rate for all cases involving cannabis for the four years before and the four years after medical marijuana legalization increased from 1.3 to 2.2 per 100,000. Limitations of the study include the small number of calls and self-reported marijuana exposures that may not have been verified by laboratory testing.

Authors: Jennifer M. Whitehill, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Amherst, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9456)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Blood Pressure Patterns in Middle-Age, Older Adults Associated With Dementia Risk

Posted August 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Keenan A. Walker, Ph.D., email Vanessa McMains at vmcmain1@jhmi.edu. The full study, editorial, related article and video are linked to this news release. The summary video can be viewed on this page and embedded on your website by copying and pasting the HTML code below.

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Bottom Line: Patterns of high blood pressure in midlife that extend to late life or high blood pressure in midlife followed by low blood pressure later in life was associated with increased risk for dementia compared to having normal blood pressure. This observational study included nearly 4,800 participants who had blood pressure measurements taken over 24 years at five visits plus a detailed neurocognitive evaluation during the fifth and a sixth visit, where dementia was assessed. There were 516 new cases of dementia diagnosed between the fifth and sixth visits. Study authors report that compared with maintaining normal blood pressure, an increased risk of dementia was associated with hypertension (greater than 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication) in midlife (age 54 to 63) that was sustained to late life and a pattern of hypertension in midlife and low blood pressure (less than 90/60 mm Hg) later life. Midlife hypertension followed by late-life low blood pressure also was associated with increased risk of mild cognitive impairment. Limitations of the study include that the findings may have been biased because of the increased likelihood that participants with higher blood pressure and poorer cognition during midlife dropped out of the study. Also, study participants were from Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and Minneapolis, so the results may not be generalizable to other areas.

Authors: Keenan A. Walker, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10575)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations

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Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollutants, Change in Emphysema, Lung Function

Posted August 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Joel D. Kaufman, M.D., M.P.H., email Jackson Holtz at jjholtz@uw.edu. The full study and video are linked to this news release. The summary video can be viewed on this page and embedded on your website by copying and pasting the HTML code below.

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Bottom Line: Whether exposure to outdoor air pollutants is associated with emphysema progression and change in lung function was the focus of this observational study. The study included 7,071 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis studies conducted in six U.S. metropolitan regions (New York; Los Angeles; Chicago; Baltimore; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and St. Paul, Minnesota). Computed tomographic (CT) scans were used to assess changes in emphysema (measured for density as a percentage of lung pixels) and lung function testing was done. Levels of outdoor air pollutants (ozone, fine particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen and black carbon) at each participant’s home were estimated. Study authors report exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially ozone, was associated with increasing emphysema progression based on up to five repeated CT scans over 10 years. Ambient ozone exposure, but not the other pollutants, also was associated with decline in lung function. Limitations of the study include that outdoor air pollutant concentrations may not reflect everything about an individual’s air pollutant exposures, and outdoor concentrations don’t explain all of the variations in concentrations of pollutants indoors, where most people spend the majority of their time.

Authors: Joel D. Kaufman, M.D., M.P.H., University of Washington, Seattle, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10255)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Likelihood of Marijuana Use Among Young People Who Used e-Cigarettes

Posted August 8, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results of 21 studies with about 128,000 participants to quantify the association between electronic cigarette use and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults.

Author: Nicholas Chadi, M.D., M.P.H., of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2574)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Intensive Blood Pressure Control Associated With Less Progression of Brain Vascular Disease?

Posted August 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author R. Nick Bryan, M.D., Ph.D., email Shahreen Abedin at Shahreen.Abedin@austin.utexas.edu. The full study, editorial, related article and video are linked to this news release. The summary video can be viewed on this page and embedded on your website by copying and pasting the HTML code below.

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Bottom Line: Intensive blood pressure control among adults with high blood pressure was associated with a smaller increase in brain white matter lesions (a marker of small vessel disease and a risk factor for dementia) compared to standard blood pressure control, although the difference was small. Hypertension is a risk factor for developing white matter lesions. This analysis is a substudy of a randomized clinical of 449 patients with high blood pressure who had initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a follow-up MRI after four years. Researchers report intensive systolic blood pressure control (goal of less than 120 mm Hg) was associated with a smaller increase in white matter lesion volume compared with standard treatment (goal of less than 140 mm Hg). There also was a greater decrease in total brain volume, although the difference was small and the significance of this finding is unclear. Limitations of the study include the relatively short duration of the intervention and follow-up. Given the limited size of this study, it’s also not possible to correlate changes in brain structure with dementia occurrence.

Authors: R. Nick Bryan, M.D., Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10551)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examines Gluten Consumption in Childhood, Celiac Disease Risk in Genetically At-Risk Kids

Posted August 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Daniel Agardh, M.D., Ph.D., email daniel.agardh@med.lu.se. The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Consuming more gluten during the first five years of life was associated with increased risk of celiac disease and celiac disease autoimmunity (the presence of antibodies in the blood) among genetically predisposed children. It remains unclear whether the amount of gluten consumed can trigger celiac disease. This observational study included 6,605 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United States who had a genetic predisposition for celiac disease. Gluten intake was estimated from food records collected at ages 6, 9, and 12 months and then biannually until the age of 5. Of the 6,605 children, 18% developed celiac disease autoimmunity and 7% developed celiac disease. The incidence of both outcomes peaked at 2 to 3 years old. The authors report that for every 1-gram per day increase in gluten consumption there was an associated higher risk of celiac disease and celiac disease autoimmunity. If gluten intake was one gram per day higher than the average at age 2 (corresponding to a half slice of white bread), the absolute risk differences for celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease were 6% and 7% higher, respectively, by age 3. A limitation of the study is the uncertainty of the accuracy of the reported gluten intake. The authors suggest a randomized clinical trial be done of different amounts of gluten during early childhood in genetically at-risk children.

Authors: Daniel Agardh, M.D., Ph.D., Lund University, Malmo, Sweden and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10329)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Analysis of Out-of-Network Billing of Privately Insured Patients at In-Network Hospitals

Posted August 8, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, AUGUST 12, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Eric Sun, M.D., Ph.D., email Beth Duff-Brown at bethduff@stanford.edu. The full study, editorial and viewpoint are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: An analysis of claims data for privately insured patients suggests out-of-network billing for inpatient admissions and emergency department (ED) visits to in-network hospitals has increased along with the patient financial liability associated with it. This study included 5.4 million inpatient admissions and nearly 13.6 million ED visits to in-network hospitals between 2010-2016. Of all the ED visits, 39.1% generated an out-of-network bill and 37% of all the inpatient admissions resulted in an out-of-network bill. The percentage of ED visits with an out-of-network bill increased from 32.3% to 42.8% during the study period and the percentage of inpatient admissions with an out-of-network bill increased from 26.3% to 42% during that same time. The potential patient financial responsibility associated with out-of-network bills increased too, from an average $220 to $628 for ED visits and from an average $804 to $2,040 for inpatient admissions. A common example of out-of-network billing was ambulance transport. This study has some limitations, including no information on what patients actually paid to settle out-of-network bills. Researchers suggest their findings support strengthening legislative protections against the surprise medical bills associated with out-of-network billing.

Authors: Eric Sun, M.D., Ph.D., of Stanford University Medical Center in Stanford, California, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3451)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted August 5, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Extreme Heat Associated With Increased Risk of Hospitalization, Death for Patients With ESRD

Posted August 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 9, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Amir Sapkota, Ph.D., email Bem Faris at bfaris@umd.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This observational study looked at whether extreme heat is associated with increased risk of hospitalization or death among the vulnerable population of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The study included 7,445 patients with ESRD who underwent long-term hemodialysis treatment at clinics in Boston, Philadelphia or New York from 2001 to 2012. During that time, 2,953 of the patients died. Researchers used historical weather data to identify extreme heat days and investigated if exposures to such extreme heat days increased risk of hospitalizations and deaths among the patients. Extreme heat was associated with increased risk of same-day hospital admission and same-day death, with the risk of death greater among patients living with congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diabetes. Risk varied between cities and by race/ethnicity. Limitations of the study include a lack of data to verify indoor conditions for patients and the study didn’t account for multiple-day heat waves, which could present a more severe threat for patients with ESRD.

Authors: Amir Sapkota, Ph.D., University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8904)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Analysis of Medical Aid in Dying in Oregon, Washington

Posted August 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 9, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Charles D. Blanke, M.D., email Wendy Lawton at lawtonw@ohsu.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: An examination of a combined 28 years of data finds similarities in the characteristics and illnesses of patients requesting medical aid in dying in Oregon and Washington. The study included 3,368 prescriptions written for medical aid in dying, with 2,558 patients dying by lethal ingestion of medication, in the two states from 1998 to 2017 in Oregon and from 2009 to 2017 in Washington. Most of the patients were insured, non-Hispanic white individuals with some level of college education, 65 or older, and diagnosed with cancer. Loss of autonomy, impaired quality of life and loss of dignity were the most common reasons for pursuing medical aid in dying. Limitations of the study include physicians, not patients, providing the underlying reasons for requesting medical aid in dying as part of a follow-up questionnaire.

Authors: Charles D. Blanke, M.D., Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8648)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Tech-Enhanced Intervention Tested for Female Adolescents, Young Adults With Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Posted August 5, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial compared a technology-enhanced community health nursing intervention that included text message medication reminders with standard care for female adolescents and young adults with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Authors: Maria Trent, M.D., M.P.H., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8652)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Analysis of Sex Disparities in Ophthalmic Research

Posted August 13, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Sex disparities in ophthalmic research were analyzed in this study that evaluated the representation of female authorships in ophthalmologic journals from 2008 to 2018, with sex assigned according to first name.

Authors: Michael H. K. Bendels, M.D., Ph.D., of Goethe-University in Frankfurt, Germany, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3095)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Opioid Prescribing Patterns in Children After Tonsillectomy

Posted August 6, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Kao-Ping Chua, M.D., Ph.D., email Beata Mostafavi at bmostafa@med.umich.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: National private insurance claims data were used to examine opioid prescribing patterns in children after tonsillectomy and return visits for complications. Opioids are commonly used after tonsillectomy, although American Academy of Otolaryngology clinical practice guidelines recommend nonopioids such as NSAIDs. This analysis included 2016 and 2017 claims data coded for tonsillectomy for nearly 16,000 children; nearly 60 percent of whom had one or more prescription drug claims for opioids between seven days before to one day after tonsillectomy. Having one or more prescription fills wasn’t associated with return visits for pain or dehydration or bleeding compared with children not using opioids but it was associated with increased risk of return visits for constipation. The study authors suggest reducing opioid prescribing to children after tonsillectomy may be possible without increasing risk of complications. The study has several limitations, including that children may not use opioids even when prescriptions are filled.

Authors: Kao-Ping Chua, M.D., Ph.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.2107)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Giant Cell Arteritis Associated With Race?

Posted August 6, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Giant cell arteritis is an inflammation of the blood vessels that typically occurs in adults over 50 and, if left untreated, can result in irreversible vision loss and death. This study examined whether occurrence of the disorder was associated with race.

Authors: Anna M. Gruener, B.M.B.S., M.Sc., F.R.C.Ophth, of the Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust in the United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2919)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Do Internal Medicine Residents Feel Bullied During Training?

Posted August 8, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This research letter uses survey data to report on perceived bullying by internal medicine residents during training.

Authors: Scott M. Wright, M.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.8616)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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Association of Coexisting Psychiatric Disorders, Risk of Death in Patients With ADHD

Posted August 5, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This observational study of Swedish national register data included nearly 87,000 people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examined the association of coexisting psychiatric disorders with risk of death.

Authors: Shihua Sun, M.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1944)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study in Taiwan Examines Association of ADHD, Causes of Death

Posted August 5, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 7, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Ph.D., email lee@ntnu.edu.tw. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan suggests attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be associated with a higher risk of death from injury causes, including suicide, unintentional injury and homicide. Although the risk of suicide-related death was higher in patients with ADHD than in those without, the absolute risk of death was low and suicide deaths were rare, with natural-cause deaths and unintentional injury deaths accounting for a higher number of deaths than suicide in the group of patients with ADHD. This observational study used registry data and included nearly 276,000 patients (ranging in age from 4 to 44) first diagnosed with ADHD between 2000 and 2012 and nearly 2 million individuals without ADHD for comparison. There was no increased risk of natural-cause death between the two groups. More research is needed to understand the causes of injury deaths in patients with ADHD and identify ways to mitigate them. Limitations of the study include the findings may not generalizable to others, including people with ADHD who aren’t diagnosed and those in other international settings. The study also couldn’t analyze the effects of ADHD medications and other potential mitigating factors, such as family history and psychosocial stress.

Authors: Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Ph.D., National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8714)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Overweight, Obesity in Children Across Europe

Posted August 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results of 103 studies with nearly 478,000 children (ages 2 to 13) to look at how common overweight and obesity are among children across Europe.

Author: Iván Cavero-Redondo, Ph.D., of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, in Cuenca, Spain, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Industry Payments to Physician Director of NCI-Designated Cancer Centers

Posted August 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services were used to examine industry payments to physician directors of National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers in this research letter.

Authors: David Carr, M.D., of the University of California, San Diego, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3098)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study of Deceased Football Players With CTE Examines Contributors Associated With Dementia

Posted August 1, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2019

Media Advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study of 180 deceased former football players who had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) investigated the association of brain white matter pathologic changes and cerebrovascular disease with dementia.

Authors: Ann C. McKee, M.D., of Boston University, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2244)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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How Common is Sesame Allergy?

Posted July 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study used survey responses from nearly 79,000 individuals to estimate how common sesame allergy is in the United States.

Authors: Ruchi S. Gupta, M.D., M.P.J., of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9144)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Estimates Frailty, Prefrailty Among Older Adults

Posted July 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results of 46 observational studies involving nearly 121,000 nonfrail adults (60 or older from 28 countries) and estimated the rate of new cases of frailty and prefrailty, which is a high risk of progressing to frailty.

Authors: Danny Liew, M.B.B.S.(Hons), F.R.A.C.P., Ph.D., of Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8398)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Compares HIV, Cancer Treatments, Outcomes in Older Patients

Posted July 30, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study compared outcomes after a cancer diagnosis in patients with and without HIV who were 65 or older, had similar stages of cancer, and had received stage-appropriate cancer treatment in the year following diagnosis.

Authors: Anna E. Coghill, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, in Tampa, Florida, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1742)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Do Yellow-Lens Night-Driving Glasses Improve Visibility, Reduce Headlight Glare?

Posted July 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: With the use of a driving simulator, three commercially available yellow-lens night-driving glasses were compared with clear lenses to examine their ability to detect pedestrians or reduce the negative effects of headlight glare. The study included 22 participants.

Authors: Alex D. Hwang, Ph.D., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2893)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Cost, Potential Environmental Effects of Unused Pharmaceuticals in Cataract Surgery

Posted July 30, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Ophthalmology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: The financial and environmental costs of unused portions of drugs from cataract surgery at four surgical sites in the U.S was investigated in this study.

Authors: Cassandra L. Thiel, Ph.D., of the New York University School of Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2901)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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USPSTF Still Recommends Against Screening for Pancreatic Cancer in Asymptomatic Adults

Posted August 1, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 2019

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report, related articles and a podcast are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time and all USPSTF articles remain free indefinitely: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2740727?guestAccessKey=4b279f9c-411f-4de8-b6a7-449e0b98979d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=080619

Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) still recommends against screening for pancreatic cancer in adults without symptoms. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services. In this statement, the USPSTF reaffirmed its 2004 recommendation against screening for asymptomatic adults. Pancreatic cancer is an uncommon cancer with a poor prognosis.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10232)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Hearing Loss, Dementia Risk in Population of Taiwan

Posted July 29, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Ph.D., email lee@ntnu.edu.tw. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: A population-based study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan suggests hearing loss is associated with risk of dementia. The study included 8,135 patients with newly diagnosed hearing loss and an equal number of individuals without hearing loss for comparison. Among the 16,270 study participants, 1,868 developed dementia. Patients with hearing loss had a higher risk of dementia, especially those 45 to 64 years old. Six coexisting conditions also were associated with dementia risk in the present study. The authors caution causal inferences cannot be drawn from their findings.

Authors:

Authors: Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Ph.D., of the National Taiwan Normal University, and Chin-Mei Liu, Ph.D., of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, both in Taipei

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8112)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Clinical Trial in China on Acupuncture as Added Treatment for Chronic Stable Angina

Posted July 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 29, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial with about 400 adults conducted in China investigated acupuncture as an added treatment to antianginal therapies in reducing the frequency of angina attacks in patients with chronic stable angina.

Authors: Fanrong Liang, M.D., of the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2407)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Standard vs Intensive Blood Pressure Control to Reduce the Risk of Stroke Recurrence

Posted July 25, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 29, 2019

Media Advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis focused on intensive blood pressure control compared with a standard control regimen on the risk of stroke in patients who had had a previous stroke.

Authors: Kazuo Kitagawa, M.D., Ph.D., of the Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Vitamin A Intake Associated With Reduced Risk of Common Skin Cancer?

Posted July 29, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Data from two long-term study groups including nearly 125,000 health professionals in the U.S. were used to evaluate the association between intake of vitamin A, through diet and supplementation, and risk of cutaneous squamous cell cancer during a follow-up period of more than 26 years.

Authors: Eunyoung Cho, Sc.D., of Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author

(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1937)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Opioid Use After Vaginal or Cesarean Delivery Among U.S Women

Posted July 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 26, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This study used national insurance claims data for about 988,000 women to look at the association between an opioid prescription after a vaginal or cesarean delivery and rates of new persistent opioid use among U.S. women.

Authors: Alex F. Peahl, M.D., of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7863)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations

How is Urban Green Space Associated With Mental Health?

Posted July 23, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 26, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Thomas Astell-Burt, Ph.D., email thomasab@uow.edu.au. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8209?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=072619

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: This observational study looked at how green space is associated with mental health. Some research has suggested living near more green space may be associated with benefits. This analysis included nearly 47,000 city-dwelling adults in Australia and examined how living near different kinds of green space (including tree canopy, grass and low-lying vegetation) may be associated with risk of psychological distress, self-reported physician-diagnosed depression or anxiety, and fair to poor self-reported general health. The three outcomes were examined at baseline and follow-up about six years later. The authors report exposure to more tree canopy was associated with a lower likelihood of psychological distress and better self-rated general health. No green space indicator was associated with depression or anxiety. Exposure to low-lying vegetation wasn’t consistently associated with any outcome. Exposure to more grass was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting fair to poor general health and prevalent psychological distress. Limitations of the study include self-reported health outcomes and green space availability that may have decreased in some areas over time, which may mean the results underestimate the associations.

Authors: Thomas Astell-Burt, Ph.D., and Xiaoqi Feng, Ph.D., of the University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8209)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Here’s a visual abstract and link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 22, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Visual Abstract:

Association Between Number of Thyroidectomies Performed by Surgeon, Complications

Posted July 23, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JULY 25, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This observational study examined at what point an increasing number of operations to remove the thyroid performed annually by a surgeon is associated with a lower rate of complications among patients.

Authors: Charles Meltzer, M.D., of the Permanente Medical Group in Santa Rosa, California, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1752)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

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Are U.S. Adults Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines?

Posted July 23, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 26, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., email Tom Snee at Tom-snee@uiowa.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7597?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=072619

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: The proportion of U.S. adults adhering to the “Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans” from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services didn’t significantly improve between 2007 and 2016 but time spent sitting increased. The first edition of the federal guidelines recommending types and duration of physical activity were released in 2008 and updated in 2018, including a recommendation to spend less time sitting. This study used nationally representative survey data from about 27,000 adults to examine adherence to the recommendations for aerobic activity, as well as sedentary behavior from 2007 to 2016. Study authors report 65.2% met the guidelines for aerobic activity in 2015-2016, compared with 63.2% in 2007-2008, while time spent sitting increased from 5.7 hours per day in 2007-2008 to 6.4 hours per day in 2015-2016. The proportion of people not meeting the recommendations for aerobic activity and sitting more than six hours a day increased from 16.1% to 18.8% during this same period. A limitation of the study is that the information on physical activity and sitting time was self-reported.

Authors: Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., University of Iowa, Iowa City, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7597)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Private Equity-Backed Acquisitions of Dermatology Practices

Posted July 22, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Dermatology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 2019

Media advisory: The full study, editorial and podcast are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This observational study describes the scope of private equity-backed acquisitions of dermatology practices in the United States.

Authors: Arash Mostaghimi, M.D., M.P.A., M.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and an associate editor of JAMA Dermatology, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1634)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Medical Imaging Rates During Pregnancy

Posted July 22, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7249?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=072419

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: Researchers looked at rates of medical imaging (CT, MRI, conventional x-rays, angiography, fluoroscopy and nuclear medicine) during pregnancy in this observational study that included nearly 3.5 million pregnant women in the United States and Canada from 1996 to 2016.

Authors: Marilyn L. Kwan, Ph.D., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7249)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Risk of Death Among Postmenopausal Women With Normal Weight and High Abdominal Fat

Posted July 22, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., email Tom Snee at Tom-snee@uiowa.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7337?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=072419

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Postmenopausal women with normal weight (body mass index 18.5 to 24.9) and central obesity (waist circumference greater than 88 cm) are at higher risk of death compared to women with normal weight and no central obesity. Obesity prevention commonly focuses on BMI, which can’t distinguish body shape or body fat distribution. The high abdominal fat distribution that is central obesity is common in the general population. This observational study examined the associations of normal-weight central obesity with risk of death using data from nearly 157,000 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998. Normal-weight central obesity in women was associated with an increased risk of death that was comparable to that of women with obesity (BMI equal to or greater than 30) and central obesity. Limitations of the study include its focus on postmenopausal women so the findings may not be broadly generalizable to younger women or men. The study authors suggest that normal-weight central obesity in women may be an underrecognized high-risk subpopulation and that the prevention and control of central obesity should be included in clinical and public health guidelines, even for individuals of normal weight.

Authors: Wei Bao, M.D., Ph.D., University of Iowa, Iowa City, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7337)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article: This link will be live at the embargo time: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2737806?guestAccessKey=32bf2bf4-2732-4c00-b276-fbf88615a4d7&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=072219

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Association of BRCA2 Mutations With Risk of Childhood Lymphoma

Posted July 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Oncology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JULY 25, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Zhaoming Wang, Ph.D., email Katy Hobgood Ray at media@stjude.org. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This research letter reports on the association of BRCA2 gene mutations and potential risk for pediatric or adolescent lymphoma. The study used whole-genome sequencing data for 1,380 survivors of pediatric or adolescent lymphoma (815 survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma and 565 survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma), of which 13 survivors had BRCA2 mutations (five survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma and eight survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Compared with individuals without cancer, there was a statistically significant association between BRCA2 mutations and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but not Hodgkin lymphoma. The findings support including childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the spectrum of cancers associated with BRCA2 mutations.

Authors: Zhaoming Wang, Ph.D., St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2203)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Are Outcomes After Abdominal Procedures Surgery Better at Top-Ranked Hospitals?

Posted July 29, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Ninh T. Nguyen, M.D., email Tom Vasich at tmvasich@uci.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This database analysis looked at whether U.S. News & World Report top-ranked hospitals for gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery were associated with improved patient outcomes for common advanced laparoscopic abdominal operations, including bariatric, colorectal and hiatal hernia procedures. The study included nearly 52,000 abdominal operations performed at 351 academic centers and their affiliated hospitals in the United States in 2017; 31.4% of the procedures were performed at 41 top-ranked hospitals and 68.6% of procedures were done at 310 nonranked hospitals. The annual volume of procedures was three times higher at top-ranked hospitals but there were no significant differences in serious complications or in-hospital death between top-ranked and nonranked hospitals. However, advanced laparoscopic abdominal operations at top-ranked hospitals cost more on average and were associated with longer average hospital stays. This study has several limitations associated with the use of database information such as coding errors and selection bias.

Author: Ninh T. Nguyen, M.D., University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2327)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Colorectal Cancer Rates in Canada

Posted July 29, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Darren R. Brenner, Ph.D., email Kelly Johnston at kelly.johnston2@ucalgary.ca. The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: The incidence of colorectal cancer among younger adults increased in recent years in this analysis of data from Canadian national cancer registries that included about 688,000 new colorectal cancers diagnosed over more than 40 years. Among men younger than 50, there was an average annual percentage change of 3.47% from 2006 to 2015. Among women younger than 50, there was an average annual percentage change of 4.45% from 2010 to 2015. Because the study used registry data, authors didn’t have access to any demographic information other than age so they were unable to identify what other factors may be associated with the increases. Potential reasons to explain the increases are not well understood and the authors suggest that be investigated before any change in screening guidelines is pursued.

Authors: Darren R. Brenner, Ph.D., University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8090)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Are Parent-Based Sexual Health Interventions Associated With Improved Adolescent Sexual Health Outcomes?

Posted July 25, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 29, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Laura Widman, Ph.D., email Matt Shipman at matt_shipman@ncsu.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results 31 randomized clinical trials with 12,464 adolescent participants to examine whether parent-based sexual health interventions were associated with three main outcomes: delayed sexual activity, improved condom use and parent-child sexual communication. The findings were generally modest but across the studies there was a significant association of parent-based interventions with improved condom use and parent-child sexual communication but no significant differences for delaying adolescents’ sexual activity. The current study has several limitations, including variation in how outcomes were measured in the studies pooled for this analysis.

Author: Laura Widman, Ph.D., of North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2324)

Editor’s Note: The article contains conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Racial Bias Associated With Burnout Among Resident Physicians

Posted July 23, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 26, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Liselotte Dyrbye, M.D., M.H.P.E., email Bob Nellis at newsbureau@mayo.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: Symptoms of physician burnout appear to be associated with greater bias toward black people in this study of nearly 3,400 second-year resident physicians in the United States who identified as nonblack. Survey data from questionnaires that were part of another study were used. About 45% of physician residents had symptoms of burnout. Explicit bias was measured on a “feeling thermometer” with the lowest score meaning cold or unfavorable toward black people and the highest score meaning warm or favorable; implict bias was measured on a test that involved sorting pictures of white and black people and words to describe them including “good” and “bad.” Study authors suggest symptoms of burnout may be factors in care disparities. However, this observational study cannot determine if the suggested association between symptoms of burnout and bias toward black people is causal and the magnitude of the observed association was small to medium.

Authors: Liselotte Dyrbye, M.D., M.H.P.E., of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7457)

Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Mortality Rates of Major League Baseball Players

Posted July 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Marc G. Weisskopf, Ph.D., Sc.D., email Chris Sweeney at csweeney@hsph.harvard.edu. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: Major league baseball (MLB) players had lower death rates overall and from many underlying causes of death compared with men in the general U.S. population, differences that could be associated in part with the physical fitness required for their jobs. This research letter reports on an analysis of mortality rates among 10,451 baseball players who debuted in the MLB from 1906 through 2006, including differences in mortality rates by position and career length. Having a longer playing career was associated with a lower rate of cardiovascular-related death and an increased rate of cancer deaths. Limitations of the study include an inability to account for physical activity, head injuries and other environmental or genetic factors.

Authors: Marc G. Weisskopf, Ph.D., Sc.D., Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.1218)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Study Looks at Melatonin Use, Sleep Patterns in School-Age Kids

Posted July 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 22, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This observational study used a study group of children from the Netherlands to examine how common was the use of melatonin and its association with sleep patterns in school-age children.

Author: Henning Tiemeier, M.D., Ph.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2084)

Editor’s Note: The article contains funding/support and conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Are Plant-Based Eating Habits Associated With Lower Diabetes Risk?

Posted July 18, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 22, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Qi Sun, M.D., Sc.D., email Chris Sweeney at csweeney@hsph.harvard.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: This study (called a systematic review and meta-analysis) combined the results of nine studies and examined the association between adherence to plant-based eating habits and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. The analysis included 307,099 adults with 23,544 cases of type 2 diabetes. The authors report higher adherence to plant-based eating habits was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when only healthy plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts, were included in the definition of plant-based. Limitations include that all of the studies analyzed were observational and dietary habits were self-reported.

Authors: Qi Sun, M.D., Sc.D., of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2195)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

# # #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

USPSTF Recommends Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women

Posted July 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report, related articles and a podcast are linked to this news release.

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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this statement is a reaffirmation of its 2009 recommendation. Screening for HBV infection during pregnancy identifies infants who are at risk of acquiring this infection from their mothers before or after birth. Children infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to develop chronic infection.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9365)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Brain Imaging Findings of U.S. Government Personnel in Cuba

Posted July 18, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JULY 23, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Ragini Verma, Ph.D., email Lauren Ingeno at Lauren.Ingeno@Pennmedicine.upenn.edu. The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release. Images of brain tissue volume differences between patients and controls are below.

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Bottom Line: Imaging shows differences in the brains of U.S. government personnel who were potentially exposed to unusual audible and sensory phenomena (sound, pressure or vibration) while serving in Cuba when compared with brain images from a group of healthy individuals without such exposure, although the clinical importance of these brain differences is uncertain. A preliminary report published by JAMA in 2018 described neurological signs and symptoms experienced by some of these government workers. In this study, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was done for 40 workers and 48 healthy individuals who were demographically similar for comparison to analyze three components (brain volume, microstructural tissue measures, and functional connectivity). Study authors report differences in whole brain white matter volume, regional gray and white matter volumes, cerebellar tissue microstructural integrity, and functional connectivity in the auditory and visuospatial subnetworks of the brain but not in the executive control subnetwork. There also were no significant differences in total whole brain gray matter volume. The findings suggest there may be differences in brain structure in several brain regions and in some functional brain networks. The current study has several limitations including that it cannot determine if the differences among patients are because of individual differences or differences in the level and degree of exposure to the reported sound, pressure or vibrations.

Authors: Ragini Verma, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and coauthors

Brain Tissue Volume Differences Between Patients and Controls (right click on image to copy). Please see description of figure 1, page 341.

(doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9269)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Is 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Associated With Preterm Births Among Latina Women?

Posted July 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Alison Gemmill, Ph.D., email Barbara Benham at bbenham1@jhu.edu. The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: A national population-based study suggests the 2016 U.S. presidential election may have been associated with an increase in preterm births among Latina women in the United States. The design of the study is used to evaluate whether policies or other population-level changes interrupt a trend in an outcome. Using data on birth counts from 2009 through July 2017 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, researchers compared preterm births (less than 37 weeks) to Latina women after the 2016 presidential election with the number expected had the election not taken place. Among nearly 32.9 million live births recorded during the study period, 11% of males and 9.6% of female births to Latina women were preterm compared with 10.2% and 9.3%, respectively, to other women. In the nine-month period beginning in November 2016, an additional 1,342 male and 995 female preterm births to Latina women were found above the expected number of preterm births, which is about 3.2% to 3.6% more. This study cannot identify the reasons behind the findings and other limitations of the study include an inability to differentiate between native and nonnative Latina women in the U.S. The authors suggest future research look at the association of anti-immigration policies with population health.

Authors: Alison Gemmill, Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7063)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 16, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Predicting Long-Term Risk of Death from Chest X-Rays

Posted July 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: Researchers in this study looked at whether a computing system that analyzed data from thousands of chest x-rays of smokers and nonsmokers and developed a risk score could predict long-term risk of death.

Authors: Michael T. Lu, M.D., M.P.H., of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7416)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email mediarelations@jamanetwork.org.

Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Here’s a link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Marijuana Use Among Northern California Women Before, During Pregnancy

Posted July 16, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, JULY 19, 2019

Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Ph.D., M.P.H., email Kerry Sinclair at ksinclair@webershandwick.com or Jan Greene at Janice.x.greene@kp.org. The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6471?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=071919

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

Bottom Line: An observational study of pregnant women in Northern California suggests marijuana use before and during pregnancy has increased over time. The study of nearly 277,000 women in Kaiser Permanente Northern California included 367,403 pregnancies from 2009 to 2017. The women reported marijuana use on questionnaires as part of standard prenatal care. The authors report marijuana use in the year before pregnancy increased from 6.8% of women in 2009 to 12.5% in 2017, and marijuana use during pregnancy increased from 1.95% to 3.38%. Daily use of marijuana in the year before pregnancy increased from 1.17% in 2009 to 3.05% in 2017, and daily use during pregnancy increased from 0.28% to 0.69%. A limitation of the study is that the results may not be generalizable to women outside of California or those without access to health care.

Authors: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Ph.D., M.P.H., Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, and coauthors

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6471)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Staging β-Amyloid Pathology with Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:30 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This multicenter study used in vivo β-amyloid cerebrospinal fluid, a biomarker of Alzheimer disease, and positron emission tomography findings to track progression of Alzheimer disease over six years among study participants.

Authors: Niklas Mattsson, M.D., Ph.D., and Oskar Hansson, M.D., Ph.D., of Lund University in Malmo, Sweden, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2214)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Association of Blood Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers with Alzheimer Disease

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, JULY 15, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Blood samples taken over several years from cognitively normal study participants who developed Alzheimer disease were analyzed along with samples from individuals who did not develop the disease to evaluate whether there is an association between neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle biomarkers (particles shed by all cells and found in blood) and Alzheimer disease.

Authors: Dimitrios Kapogiannis, M.D., of the National Institutes of Health in Baltimore is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2462)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Study Examines Association of Cognitive Reserve Accumulated Over Lifetime with Dementia Risk

Posted July 12, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Neurology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:30 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, JULY 14, 2019

Media Advisory: This article is being released to coincide with the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. The full study and related articles also being released to coincide with the event are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: This study of 1,600 older adults free of dementia at baseline examined whether accumulation over a lifetime of cognitive and social activities was associated with a slower rate of memory loss and a reduced risk of dementia, taking into account brain pathologies.

Authors: Xiuying Qi, Ph.D., and Weili Xu, M.D., Ph.D., of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, are the corresponding authors.

(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2455)

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Summary video, link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

The summary video can be viewed on this page and embedded on your website by copying and pasting the HTML code below.

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Visual abstract, link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article

Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Visual Abstract

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Posted July 11, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 8, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 15, 2019 by Deanna Bellandi

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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Posted July 3, 2019 by Jim Michalski

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How Common is Long-Term Opioid Use After Job Injury?

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

What The Study Did: This observational study included 46,000 injured workers in Tennessee who weren’t taking opioids at the time of their injury and looked at how common long-term opioid use was and what factors were associated with it.

Authors: Zoe Durand, Ph.D., of the Tennessee Department of Health in Nashville, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7222)

Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.

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Is Facial Cosmetic Surgery Associated With Perception Changes for Attractiveness, Masculinity, Personality Traits in Men?

Posted July 9, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, JULY 11, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and podcast are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: Photographs of 24 men before and after facial cosmetic surgery were part of this survey study to examine whether surgery was associated with perceived changes in attractiveness, masculinity and a variety of personality traits.

Authors: Michael J. Reilly, M.D., of the Georgetown University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.0463)

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Is Intensive Treatment to Lower Lipid Levels Beneficial to Older Patients After Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study, commentary and podcast are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, researchers examined the association of age with the benefit of intensive treatment to lower lipid levels with a combination therapy of simvastatin and ezetimibe compared to treatment with simvastatin alone after acute coronary syndrome in older patients.

Authors: Richard G. Bach, M.D., of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.2306)

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Study Estimates Contribution of Genetic, NonGenetic Factors to ASD Risk

Posted July 15, 2019 by Jim Michalski

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 2019

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.

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What The Study Did: National registry data from five countries (Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Israel and Western Australia) were used to estimate the contribution of various genetic and nongenetic factors on the risk of autism spectrum disorder in this population-based study.

Authors: Sven Sandin, Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, is the corresponding author.

(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1411)

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