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Ocular Findings of Patients With COVID-19
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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What The Study Did: One-third of COVID-19 patients from Hubei, China, had ocular manifestations, occurring frequently in patients with more severe physical conditions.
Authors: Liang Liang, M.D., of China Three Gorges University in Yichang, China, and Kaili Wu, M.D., of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291)
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Perspectives on COVID-19 Control Measures for Ophthalmology Clinics
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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What The Viewpoint Says: This article describes treatment initiatives being undertaken for novel coronavirus 2019 at an ophthalmology center in Singapore.
Authors: Ivan Seah Yu Jun, M.B.B.S., of National University Hospital of Singapore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1288)
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Measures for Care of Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Outbreak in China
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 2020
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What The Viewpoint Says: The authors describe measures taken to reduce the risk of transmitting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) to medical staff and cancer patients seeking treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.
Authors: Jie Wang, M.D., Ph.D., and Jie He, M.D., of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College in Beijing, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.1198)
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Safety Recommendations for Health Care Workers Involved With Head, Neck Exams, Surgery During COVID-19 Pandemic
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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What The Study Did: Health care workers who come in close contact with a patient’s head and neck are particularly at risk for developing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) through respiratory droplets. This article provides safety recommendations for these health care workers regarding exams and surgical procedures based on a review of the literature and the experiences of physicians with firsthand knowledge of safety procedures during this pandemic.
Authors: Babak Givi, M.D., of NYU Langone Health in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0780)
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Surgical Considerations for Tracheostomy During COVID-19 Pandemic
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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What The Viewpoint Says: Lessons learned from the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic may help reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to health care workers performing open tracheostomies, a surgical procedure to open an airway that may be required for many patients with COVID-19.
Authors: Woei Shyang Loh, M.B.B.S., of the National University of Singapore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0764)
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Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2020
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What The Study Did: Evaluating the association of underlying cardiovascular disease and myocardial injury on fatal outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Authors: Zhibing Lu, M.D., and Xinghuan Wang, M.D., of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017)
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Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With COVID-19
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2020
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What The Study Did: A description of the presentation of acute myocardial inflammation in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who recovered from influenzalike syndrome and developed fatigue and signs and symptoms of heart failure a week after upper respiratory tract symptoms.
Authors: Marco Metra, M.D., of the Institute of Cardiology in Brescia, Italy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096)
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Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2020
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What The Study Did: An overview of the basics of coronaviruses, with a focus on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) along with their effects on the cardiovascular system.
Authors: Mohammad Madjid, M.D., M.S., of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286)
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Investigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Public Bath Center in China
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 30, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This case series reports a cluster-spreading event in Huai’an (about 435 miles northeast of Wuhan) in Jiangsu Province, China, where a patient with SARS-CoV-2 may have transmitted the virus to eight other healthy individuals through bathing in a public bath center.
Authors: Qilong Wang, M.D., Ph.D., of the Affiliated Huai’an No. 1 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University in Huai’an, China, and Hongbing Shen, M.D., Ph.D., of the School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University in Nanjing, China, are the corresponding authors.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4583)
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Investigating Association Between Air Pollution, Dementia Risk and Role of Cardiovascular Disease
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 30, 2020
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What The Study Did: This observational study analyzed data from about 2,900 older residents of Stockholm to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of developing dementia, along with what role cardiovascular disease might have.
Authors: Giulia Grande, M.D., of the Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4914)
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Infants Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in China
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2020
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What The Study Did: This study examined the medical records of 33 newborns born to women with COVID-19.
Author: Wenhao Zhou, M.D., of the National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878)
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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Hospital in China
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers estimated the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer and reported on patient outcomes at a single hospital in Wuhan, China.
Authors: Conghua Xie, M.D., of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in China, and Melvin L. K. Chua, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., of the National Cancer Centre Singapore, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0980)
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estimated the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in pa- tients with cancer and report on patient outcomes from a single hospital in Wuhan, China.
Investigating Spaceflight-Associated Changes in Astronauts
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2020
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What The Study Did: Head congestion is one of the most common symptoms experienced by astronauts during spaceflight. This observational study examined preflight and postflight head magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 35 astronauts who participated in either a short-duration (30 days or less) Space Shuttle mission or a long-duration (greater than 30 days) International Space Station mission. Researchers investigated whether there were differences in the development of certain physiological changes of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells associated with symptoms of head congestion.
Authors: Donna R. Roberts, M.D., of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0228)
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Observation vs. Targeted High-Dose Radiation for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2020
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release. A visual abstract is below.
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial compared how effectively high-dose, targeted radiation therapy versus no treatment (observation) among 54 men prevented the progression over six months of recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer that has metastasized to a small number of sites in the body.
Authors: Phuoc T. Tran, M.D., Ph.D., of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0147)
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An Acute Respiratory Infection Runs Into the Most Common Noncommunicable Epidemic— COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 2020
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What The Viewpoint Says: Emerging as an acute infectious disease, COVID-19 may be- come a chronic epidemic similar to influenza because of genetic re- combination. Therefore, we should be ready for the reemergence of COVID-19 or other coronaviruses.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0934)
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Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 2020
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What The Study Did: This observational study of 416 patients in Wuhan, China, with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reports that cardiac injury is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and it is associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Authors: Bo Yang, M.D., Ph.D., and He Huang, M.D., Ph.D., of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950)
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Cardiac injury is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and it is associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
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Mental Health Care for Adolescents
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 25, 2020
Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Ramin Mojtabai, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., email Barbara Benham at bbenham1@jhu.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.
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What The Study Did: Researchers examined changes over time in the kinds of mental health problems for which adolescents in the United States received care and where they got that care in this survey study with findings that should be interpreted within the context of several limitations including self-reported information.
Authors: Ramin Mojtabai, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0279)
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Mental Health of Health Care Workers in China in Hospitals With Patients With COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This survey study of almost 1,300 health care workers in China at 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 reports on their mental health outcomes, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia and distress.
Authors: Zhongchun Liu, M.D., of the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, in Wuhan, and Shaohua Hu, M.D., of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, are the corresponding authors.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976)
Editor’s Note: The study includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Associations Between Screen Use, Language Skills
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers combined the results of 42 studies in this analysis to examine associations between the quantity, quality and onset of screen use by children and language skills.
Author: Sheri Madigan, Ph.D., of the University of Calgary in Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0327)
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Study Examines Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing With Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
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What The Study Did: This study used data and brain imaging from a randomized clinical trial for older adults who are cognitively unimpaired and examined brain changes, including the presence of biomarkers for Alzheimer disease, between those with sleep-disordered breathing and those without.
Authors: Gael Chetelat, Ph.D., of the Universite de Caen in France, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0311)
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Estimating Breast Cancer Screening Use, Costs Among Women in 40s With Private Insurance
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers used a large commercial claims database to estimate the percentage of U.S. women in their 40s with private insurance who were eligible and received screening mammography in 2017 and national costs for this screening.
Authors: Natalia Kunst, M.Sc., of the University of Oslo in Norway, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0262)
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Examining Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Survival
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Data for nearly 230,000 men were used in this study to examine variations in survival in prostate cancer by geographic areas in the United States.
Authors: Quoc-Dien Trinh, M.D., of Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1839)
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Study Compares Funding, Research Productivity for 2 Diseases
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This study compared federal and foundation research funding for sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis and investigated whether funding was associated with differences in drug development and research productivity.
Authors: John J. Strouse, M.D., Ph.D., of Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1737)
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Comparing Opioid-Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations Before, After ACA Medicaid Expansion
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 23, 2020
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What The Study Did: This observational study compared changes in opioid-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations before and after the 2014 Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion in states that implemented expansions with states that didn’t. Medicaid expansions improve access to outpatient treatment and have the potential to reduce opioid-related hospital use.
Authors: Aparna Soni, Ph.D., of American University in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0473)
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Overdose Risk Among Youth With Family Members Prescribed Opioids
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 27, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: In this study of 72,000 adolescents and young adults, higher risk of youth overdose was associated with exposure to family members with opioid prescriptions and young people’s own opioid prescriptions.
Authors: Anh P. Nguyen, Ph.D., of the Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1018)
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Injuries From Motorized Scooters
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Motorized scooters are increasingly popular and, in this study, researchers analyzed medical information for 61 adults who visited a single emergency department with scooter-related injuries.
Authors: Jeffrey D. Riley, M.D., of HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center in Arizona, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1925)
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Comparing Recall Rates, Cancer Detection in Breast Cancer Screenings
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 30, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Nearly 200 radiologists who interpreted about 251,000 digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and 2 million digital mammography screening examinations were included in this observational study that evaluated recall and cancer detection rates.
Authors: Brian L. Sprague, Ph.D., of the University of Vermont in Burlington, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1759)
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Depression Severity, Care Among Older Adults From Different Racial/Ethnic Groups
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Racial and ethnic differences appear to exist in depression severity and care in this observational study of older adults who participated in a randomized clinical trial of cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Authors: Olivia I. Okereke, M.D., S.M., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1606)
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Diet Quality of Young People in US
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 24, 2020
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What The Study Did: This observational study used national survey data from young people up to age 19 to estimate the overall diet quality of children and teens in the United States and to explore how diet quality has changed from 1999 to 2016.
Authors: Junxiu Liu, Ph.D., of Tufts University in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0878)
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Is Step Count Associated With Lower Risk of Death?
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 24, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers looked at whether taking more steps and higher intensity stepping were associated with reduced risk of death in this observational study that included almost 4,900 adults (40 and over) who wore a device called an accelerometer to measure their step count and step intensity (steps/minute).
Authors: Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1382)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Proximity of Hospitals to Mass Shootings in US
JAMA Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 2020
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What The Study Did: Nontrauma center hospitals were the nearest hospitals to most of the mass shootings (five or more people injured or killed by a gun) that happened in the U.S. in 2019. This study examined distances to trauma centers and nontrauma center hospitals for 187 mass shootings.
Authors: Michael L. Nance, M.D., of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0095)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Earliest Age Gender Dysphoria Experienced by Transgender Adults Seeking Gender-Affirming Surgery
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 16, 2020
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Data collected from 155 adult transgender women and 55 transgender men were used to identify the earliest age at which gender dysphoria was experienced in this patient population seeking genital gender-affirming surgery at a California hospital.
Authors: Maurice M. Garcia, M.D., M.A.S., of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1236)
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Nonmedical Opioid Prescription Use Among Transgender Girls, Young Women
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 16, 2020
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This observational study looked at how common nonmedical prescription opioid use was among transgender girls and young women and risk factors associated with it.
Authors: Arjee J. Restar, M.P.H., of the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1015)
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Effects of Family Member Detention or Deportation
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 16, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this survey study of nearly 550 Latino or Latina adolescents looked at how family member detention or deportation was associated with later suicidal thoughts, alcohol use or clinically significant externalizing behaviors such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors.
Author: Kathleen M. Roche, Ph.D., of George Washington University in Washington. D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0014)
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Data from Sweden Used to Examine PPI Use, Risk of Fracture in Children
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 16, 2020
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What The Study Did: Data from Sweden were used to compare 115,933 pairs of children who did or didn’t use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to examine the association between PPI use and risk of fracture in children.
Author: Yun-Han Wang, M.Sc., B.Pharm., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0007)
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Providing Tax Preparation Services at Hospitals, Clinics
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 17, 2020
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What The Study Did: This study examined economic viability and the benefits of locating tax preparation services at two hospitals and two outpatient clinics in New York City to increase awareness of and access to federal programs that provide tax credits to low-income people like the Earned Income Tax Credit, which is often under claimed by people who qualify.
Authors: Dave A. Chokshi, M.D., M.Sc., of NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0545)
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Comparing Risk of Complications Between Different Surgical Methods for Hip Replacement
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 17, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers compared the risk of complications among 30,000 adults in Canada who had total hip replacement based on the different surgical approaches used with patients on their side or back during the procedure.
Authors: Daniel Pincus, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0785)
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Estimating Adults at High Risk for Vision Loss, Evaluating Care Use
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 12, 2020
Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Sharon H. Saydah, Ph.D., email media@cdc.gov. The full study is linked to this news release.
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Bottom Line: The estimated number of U.S. adults at high risk for vision loss increased from 2002 to 2017 in this observational study based on national survey data. Adults at high risk for vision loss included those who were 65 or older, had a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, or had eye or vision problems. Researchers estimated there were more than 93 million adults in 2017 at high risk for vision loss compared with almost 65 million in 2002, an increase attributed in part to an aging population. About 57% of adults reported visiting an eye care professional annually; almost 60% reported having a dilated eye exam; and 9 out of 100 adults who needed eyeglasses said they couldn’t afford them. This analysis included survey responses from nearly 31,000 adults in 2002 and 33,000 in 2017. Limitations of the study include those inherent with the use of self-reported data. Public health efforts to improve awareness of the importance of eye care could reduce unnecessary vision loss.
Authors: Sharon H. Saydah, Ph.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, and coauthors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0273)
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Comparing Risk of Colorectal Cancer After Weight-Loss Surgery
JAMA Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers used French electronic health data to investigate how risk of colorectal cancer compared among obese adults who had weight-loss surgery and who didn’t.
Authors: Laurent Bailly, M.D., Ph.D., Universite Cote d’Azur, Nice, France, and coauthors.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0089)
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Violence Faced by Sexual Minority Adolescents
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: The risk of physical and sexual violence faced by gay, lesbian, bisexual and questioning U.S. high schoolers was quantified in this observational study that used pooled data from a survey conducted every two years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Author: Theodore L. Caputi, M.P.H., of Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6291)
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Is Federal Rental Assistance Associated With Childhood Asthma Outcomes?
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: National survey data and housing assistance records were used to examine whether participation in U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development rental assistance programs was associated with childhood asthma outcomes, including ever being diagnosed with asthma, history of asthma attack, and treatment in the emergency department for asthma.
Author: Michel Boudreaux, Ph.D., of the University of Maryland School of Public Health in College Park, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6242)
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Study Suggests No Evidence of Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination, Type 1 Diabetes in Kids
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: Findings in this observational study of almost 387,000 children born in the U.S. don’t show evidence of an association between rotavirus vaccination (routinely recommended for all infants by age 8 months) and type 1 diabetes in children who were followed over a range of about 5 years. Researchers explain limitations of the study, as well as two potential unmeasured confounding variables that may have affected results.
Author: Jason M, Glanz, Ph.D., of the Institute for Health Research at Kaiser Permanente Colorado in Aurora, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6324)
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What is Best Time to Deliver Twins?
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this observational study of 43,000 twins born in Scotland used linked maternal and educational data to identify the optimal gestation week for the birth of infant twins associated with the lowest risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes, specifically perinatal death and special education needs later on in school.
Author: Sarah Murray, Ph.D., M.R.C., of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6317)
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Clinical Trial Investigates Gabapentin for Alcohol Use Disorder
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial investigated if gabapentin, a drug often used to treat nerve pain, would be useful in the treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder (problem drinking that becomes severe) and a history of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. As many as 30 million people in the U.S. meet criteria for alcohol use disorder, yet less than 1 million receive medication that may be beneficial.
Authors: Raymond F. Anton, M.D., of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0249)
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Examining Diagnoses of Stress-Related Disorders, Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 9, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers investigated how stress-related disorders (such as posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder and stress reactions) were associated with risk for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using data from national health registers in Sweden.
Authors: Huan Song, M.D., Ph.D., of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0117)
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Types of Vaping Products Used by Hospitalized Patients With Severe Lung Injury
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, MARCH 6, 2020
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What The Study Did: This report describes the kinds of vaping products used by and the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized in California last year with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury.
Authors: Jason A. Wilken, Ph.D., M.P.H., and Christina Armatas, M.D., M.P.H., of the California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0664)
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Did Cataract Surgery Change Melatonin Secretion in Older Patients?
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 2020
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0206?guestAccessKey=85f1853b-d4e4-4c1a-9f09-5951e997f60f&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=030520
What The Study Did: The secretion of melatonin is an important indicator of the body’s circadian rhythm. An internal circadian rhythm misaligned with the outside world and a low concentration of melatonin secretion have been associated with risk for a variety of diseases. This randomized clinical trial investigated whether cataract surgery, which increases a person’s perception of light, affected melatonin secretion in patients 60 and older having their first cataract surgery compared with those whose cataract surgery was delayed.
Authors: Keigo Saeki, M.D., Ph.D., of the Nara Medical University School of Medicine in Nara, Japan, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0206)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Examining Risk of Violent Assault Among Young Immigrants, Refugees in Canada
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2020
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This population-based study describes the risk of experiencing violent assault among young immigrants and refugees (ages 10 to 24) compared with nonimmigrants in an analysis of linked health and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Researchers acknowledge some important factors are unknown, including the circumstances of some events.
Authors: Natasha Ruth Saunders, M.D., M.Sc., of The Hospital for Sick Children, in Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0375)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Diabetes Remission Rates After 2 Common Weight-Loss Surgeries
JAMA Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers examined associations between two of the most common weight-loss surgeries on type 2 diabetes outcomes by comparing diabetes remission and relapse rates, glycemic control and weight loss after five years among 9,700 adults with type 2 diabetes who had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.
Authors: Kathleen McTigue, M.D., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0087)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Workplace Program to Improve Blood Pressure Control
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 2020
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial conducted at 60 workplaces in urban areas of China examined whether a wellness program with a hypertension management component would improve blood pressure control among employees compared to usual care.
Authors: Zengwu Wang, M.D., Ph.D., of the Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing, and Chun Chang, M.D., Ph.D., of Peking University in Beijing, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.6161)
Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Sex Differences in Salaries of Department Chairs at State Medical Schools
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 2, 2020
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What The Study Did: Researchers investigated pay differences by sex at the highest ranks of academic medicine among clinical department chairs at 29 state medical schools in 12 states.
Authors: Eleni Linos, M.D., Dr.P.H., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7540)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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How Much Does the Drug Industry Spend on Lobbying, Campaign Contributions?
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MARCH 3, 2020
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What The Study Did: What the pharmaceutical and health product industry spent on lobbying and contributions to political campaigns in the U.S. from 1999 to 2018 was the focus of this observational study that used federal- and state-level data. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Author: Olivier J. Wouters, Ph.D., of the London School of Economics and Political Science, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0146)
Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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