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Helpfulness of Question Prompt Sheet for Patient-Physician Communication Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
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COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11098?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=050223
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that most of the national decrease in racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality between the initial and Omicron waves was explained by increased mortality among non-Hispanic white adults and changes in the geographic spread of the pandemic. These findings suggest that despite media reports of a decline in disparities, there is a continued need to prioritize racial health equity in the pandemic response.
Authors: Andrew C. Stokes, Ph.D., of the Boston University School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11098)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Virtual Care and Emergency Department Use During Pandemic Among Patients of Family Physicians
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Comparative Effectiveness of 2 Interventions to Increase Breast, Cervical, Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Women in Rural US
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Abortion Policy Positions of Federal Legislators Who Received Support From the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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Trends in Abortion-Related Internet Searches After the Supreme Court Decision
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Comparison of Research Spending on New Drug Approvals by NIH vs Pharmaceutical Industry
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Treatment of Children With ADHD
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10999?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=042823
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of children with parent-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that most were not receiving ADHD medications and had never received outpatient mental health care. Gaps in treatment, which were not directly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, underscore the challenges of improving communication and access to outpatient mental health care for children with ADHD.
Authors: Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H., of Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10999)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health Care Utilization During the Pandemic Among Individuals Born Preterm
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10696?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=042823
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, children and young adults born preterm were more likely to have used health care related to COVID-19 concerns compared with their term-born peers, independent of a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or asthma. Further exploration of factors associated with COVID-19–related health care use may facilitate refinement of care models.
Authors: Elisabeth C. McGowan, M.D., of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10696)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Comparing Physician and AI Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 28, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and related articles are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this study of 195 randomly drawn patient questions from a social media forum, a team of licensed health care professionals compared physician’s and chatbot’s responses. The chatbot responses were preferred over physician responses and rated significantly higher for both quality and empathy. Further exploration of this technology is warranted in clinical settings, such as using chatbot to draft responses that physicians could then edit. Randomized trials could assess further if using AI assistants might improve responses, lower clinician burnout, and improve patient outcomes.
Authors: John W. Ayers, Ph.D., M.A., of the University of California San Diego, La Jolla, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Evaluation of Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
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Assessment of Gender-Specific COVID-19 Case Fatality Risk per Malignant Neoplasm Type
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Performance of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot in Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144?guestAccessKey=4b0f74f1-b680-4e68-87a8-f0d463840b9d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042723
About The Study: In this study that included 125 text-based multiple-choice questions provided by the OphthoQuestions free trial for ophthalmic board certification examination preparation, ChatGPT answered approximately half of the questions correctly. Medical professionals and trainees should appreciate the advances of AI in medicine while acknowledging that ChatGPT as used in this investigation did not answer sufficient multiple-choice questions correctly for it to provide substantial assistance in preparing for board certification at this time.
Authors: Rajeev H. Muni, M.D., M.Sc., of St. Michael’s Hospital/Unity Health Toronto in Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection With Bell Palsy
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a higher incidence of Bell palsy (BP) among SARS-CoV-2–vaccinated versus placebo groups. The occurrence of BP did not differ significantly between recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech versus Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 infection posed a significantly greater risk for BP than SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Authors: Amir Kheradmand, M.D., of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and Mehran Rahimlou, Ph.D., of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in Zanjan, Iran, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0160)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Comparison Between ChatGPT and Google Search as Sources of Postoperative Patient Instructions
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 27, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that ChatGPT provides postoperative instructions that are helpful for patients with a fifth-grade reading level or different health literacy levels. However, ChatGPT generated instructions scored lower in understandability, actionability, and procedure-specific content than Google Search– and institution-specific instructions.
Authors: Noel Ayoub, M.D., M.B.A., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0704)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Depression Associated With Hormonal Contraceptive Use as a Risk Indicator for Postpartum Depression
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Low-Dose Triple and Quadruple Combination Pills vs Monotherapy, Usual Care, or Placebo for Hypertension
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Associations Between Early Life Adversity, Reproduction-Oriented Life Strategy, and Borderline Personality Disorder
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Evaluation of Brain-Body Health in Individuals With Common Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Firearm Death Rates in Rural vs Urban US Counties
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Effect of Repeated Low-level Red Light to Prevent Myopia in Children With Pre-myopia
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Social Vulnerability and Risk of Suicide in US Adults
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Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this randomized clinical trial including 2,200 adolescents indicate that the NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax, Inc.) COVID-19 vaccine is safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in preventing COVID-19, including the predominant Delta variant, in adolescents.
Authors: German Anez, M.D., of Novavax, Inc., in Gaithersburg, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9135)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Exposure to Neighborhood Racialized Economic Segregation and Reinjury and Violence Perpetration Among Survivors of Violent Injuries
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 26, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that living in a more economically deprived and socially marginalized area was associated with increased risk of using violence against others. The finding suggests that interventions may need to include investments in neighborhoods with the highest levels of violence to help reduce downstream transmission of violence.
Authors: Elizabeth C. Pino, Ph.D., of the Boston University School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8404)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Preterm Birth, Small for Gestational Age, Large for Gestational Age and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Up to Middle Age
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Internal Medicine Resident Perspectives on Virtual Recruitment
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Lessons Learned From a COVID-19 Dog Screening Pilot in California K-12 Schools
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Birth-Based vs Fetuses-at-Risk Approaches for Assessing Neonatal Mortality Rate by Race
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Association of State-Level Tax Policy and Infant Mortality
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Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Statin-Related Topics and Sentiments on Social Media
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Quantity of Melatonin and CBD in Melatonin Gummies Sold in the US
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Trends in Buprenorphine Initiation and Retention
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: During January 2016 through October 2022, the monthly buprenorphine initiation rate in the U.S. increased, then flattened. This flattening occurred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that factors other than the pandemic were involved.
Authors: Kao-Ping Chua, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1207)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in the Prevalence of Stroke
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 24, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Academy of Neurology 2023 Annual Meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0742?guestAccessKey=1fa6dc01-3084-43df-9166-96f01feb2fb6&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=042423
About The Study: Using a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults, this study found that the prevalence of self-reported stroke remained stable in the U.S. between 1999 and 2018 overall and by racial and ethnic group and age group and increased among men. Estimates in this study underestimate the total burden of stroke in the U.S. as National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys do not include individuals residing in rehabilitation, long-term care, or other institutional settings.
Authors: Andrea L. C. Schneider, M.D., Ph.D., of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0742)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Use and COVID-19 Infection Outcomes
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 24, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study that included 167,000 non-hospitalized patients, neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMAb) treatment for COVID-19 was safe and associated with reductions in emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death, although it was not associated with reduced risk of hospitalization during the Omicron BA.1 epoch. These findings suggest that targeted risk stratification strategies may help optimize future nMAb treatment decisions.
Authors: Brian Anderson, M.D., of the MITRE Corporation in Bedford, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9694)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination Among Individuals With Myasthenia Gravis
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Association of Physical Activity With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Clinical Outcomes Among Patients in South Korea
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Palliative Care Needs and Mental Health Outcomes Among Family Members of Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury
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Self-awareness of Memory Function and Clinical Progression in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9964?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=042523
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 436 cognitively normal older adults, unawareness, rather than heightened awareness, of memory decline was strongly associated with future clinical progression, providing further support that discordant self- and informant-reported cognitive decline may provide important information to practitioners.
Authors: Patrizia Vannini, Ph.D., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9964)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Health-Related Social Needs With Quality and Utilization Outcomes in a Medicare Advantage Population With Diabetes
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Ingestion of Illicit Substances by Young Children Before, During COVID-19
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Association of Overweight, Obesity, and Recent Weight Loss With Colorectal Cancer Risk
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Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Mortality Rates by Race Before, During Pandemic
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Breast Cancer–Specific Survival
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 5,000 patients with breast cancer, a shorter breast cancer–specific survival in women from disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with advantaged neighborhoods was identified, even after controlling for individual-level sociodemographic, comorbidity, breast cancer risk factor, access to care, tumor, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment characteristics. The findings suggest potential unaccounted mechanisms, including unmeasured social determinants of health and access to care measures.
Authors: Neha Goel, M.D., of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8908)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Hardship Among Families With Young Children With Federal Relief Program Participation
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that the COVID-19 crisis exacerbated pre-existing inequities in food insecurity and difficulty paying rent according to race and ethnicity and maternal nativity and that equity-focused policy changes are needed to ensure that all children and their families in the U.S. can afford basic needs for optimal health.
Authors: Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Boston University School of Public Health, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0508)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Firearm Injury and Mortality in High-risk Youths and Young Adults 25 Years After Detention
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This 25-year longitudinal cohort study (n = 1,829) found that youths involved with the juvenile justice system had up to 23 times the rate of firearm mortality as the general population; rates varied by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Sixteen years after detention, more than one-quarter of Black and Hispanic males had been injured or killed by firearms.
Authors: Linda A. Teplin, Ph.D., of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8902)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Perspectives of Emergency Nurses on EHR Behavioral Flags to Promote Workplace Safety
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Public Support for Vehicle Technology to Prevent Operation by Impaired Drivers
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Effect of Treadmill Perturbation-Based Balance Training on Fall Rates in Older Adults
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Trends in Severe Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 20, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of 55,000 adult and pediatric patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Canada suggest that COVID-19 vaccination is important to reduce the burden on the Canadian health care system as well as severe outcomes associated with COVID-19.
Authors: Robyn Mitchell, M.H.Sc., of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Ottawa, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9050)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Social-Ecological Factors With Delay in Time to Initiation of Postoperative Radiation Therapy
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 20, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this study of 171 participants who received primary surgery and postoperative radiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lower levels of written health literacy were significantly associated with postoperative radiation delays when controlling for demographic and clinical factors. The addition of health literacy and the community-level area deprivation index improved the model’s prediction of postoperative radiation delay risk.
Authors: Tuleen Sawaf, B.S., of the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2023.0308)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Assessment of Accuracy, User Engagement, Themes of Eating Disorder Content in Social Media Short Videos
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Suspected Suicidal Cannabis Exposures Reported to Poison Centers
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Effect of Brief Interpersonal Therapy on Depression During Pregnancy
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Cognitive Function in People With Familial Risk of Depression
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Depression in prior generations was associated with lower cognitive performance in offspring, whether assessed by family history or genetic data. There are opportunities to generate hypotheses about how this arises through genetic and environmental determinants, moderators of brain development and brain aging, and potentially modifiable social and lifestyle factors across the life span.
Authors: Breda Cullen, Ph.D., of the University of Glasgow in Glasgow, United Kingdom, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0716)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Race, Ethnicity–Adjusted Age Recommendation for Initiating Breast Cancer Screening
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 415,000 breast cancer deaths in female patients in the U.S. from 2011 to 2020 provides evidence-based race-adapted starting ages for breast cancer screening. The findings suggest that health policy makers and clinicians could consider an alternative, race and ethnicity–adapted approach in which Black female patients start screening earlier.
Authors: Mahdi Fallah, M.D., Ph.D., of the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany, and Tianhui Chen, M.D., Ph.D., of the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital in Hangzhou, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8893)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Conflicts of Interest Among Infectious Diseases Clinical Practice Guideline Authors and the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Novel Estimates of Mortality Associated With Poverty in the US
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Self-assessment of Gestational Duration Among Adolescents Seeking Abortion
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Completeness and Spin of medRxiv Preprint and Associated Published Abstracts of COVID-19 Randomized Clinical Trials
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Dexamethasone for Inpatients With COVID-19 in a National Cohort
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 17, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this national multicenter cohort study of inpatients with COVID-19, early administration of dexamethasone was associated with significantly reduced odds of mortality or discharge to hospice in those requiring supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation but not in those requiring no supplemental oxygen or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. These results support the continued use of systemic dexamethasone in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Authors: Laine E. Thomas, Ph.D., of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8516)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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USPSTF Statement on Screening for Skin Cancer
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2023
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 301-951-9203. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
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Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of visual skin examination by a clinician to screen for skin cancer in adolescents and adults. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S. There are different types of skin cancer varying in disease incidence and severity. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common types of skin cancer but infrequently lead to death or substantial morbidity. Melanomas represent about 1% of skin cancer and cause the most skin cancer deaths. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this statement is consistent with its 2016 recommendation.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4342)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis With a Digital Health Application
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Association of State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Eligibility Policies With Adult Mental Health and Suicidality
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Association of Race With Urine Toxicology Testing Among Pregnant Patients During Labor and Delivery
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In-person vs Virtual Education and Community COVID-19 Case Incidence Following School Re-openings
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 14, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In a study of matched pairs of counties that reopened with in-person versus virtual instruction at the secondary school level in the 2020 to 2021 academic year, counties with in-person school instructional models early in the COVID-19 pandemic experienced increases in county-level COVID-19 incidence at six and eight weeks after in-person reopening, compared with counties with virtual instructional models.
Authors: Meredith Matone, Dr.P.H., of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8300)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Bacterial Consortium Therapy for Prevention of Recurrent C difficile Infection
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:15 A.M. (ET), SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.
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About The Study: Among adults with laboratory-confirmed Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) with one or more prior CDI episodes in the last six months and those with primary CDI at high risk for recurrence, high-dose VE303 (a novel oral microbiome-directed therapy composed of nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, commensal strains of Clostridia) prevented recurrent CDI compared with placebo. A larger, phase 3 study is needed to confirm these findings.
Authors: Jeffrey L. Silber, M.D., of Vedanta Biosciences Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4314)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Prescription Stimulant Medical and Nonmedical Use Among Secondary School Students
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Black Representation in the Primary Care Physician Workforce and Its Association With Population Life Expectancy
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 14, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6687?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041423
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of survival outcomes for 1,618 U.S. counties suggest that greater representation of Black primary care physicians (PCPs) in the PCP workforce is associated with improved survival-related outcomes for Black individuals, although there was a dearth of U.S. counties with at least one Black PCP during each study time point. Investments to build a more representative PCP workforce nationally may be important for improving population health.
Authors: John E. Snyder, M.D., M.S., M.P.H., and Rachel D. Upton, Ph.D., of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in Rockville, Maryland, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6687)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Evaluation of Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and High Refractive Error in Offspring During Childhood and Adolescence
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Association of COVID-19 Infection With Incident Diabetes
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 600,000 individuals, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a higher risk of diabetes and may have contributed to a 3% to 5% excess burden of diabetes at a population level.
Authors: Naveed Z. Janjua M.B.B.S, Dr.P.H., of the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control in Vancouver, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8866)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Factors Associated With Knowledge and Experience of Self-managed Abortion Among Patients Seeking Care at Abortion Clinics
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 18, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8701?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041823
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this survey study of 19,000 patients attending 49 abortion clinics in 29 states, considering self-managed abortion was common before accessing in-clinic care, particularly among those on the margins of access or with a preference for at-home care. These findings suggest a need for expanded access to telemedicine and other decentralized abortion care models.
Authors: Abigail R. A. Aiken, Ph.D., of the University of Texas at Austin, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8701)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Racial, Ethnic Differences in Barriers Faced by Medical College Admission Test Examinees
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, APRIL 14, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this study of 81,755 Medical College Admission Test examinees, American Indian or Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic students reported lower parental educational levels, greater educational and financial barriers, and greater discouragement from pre-health advisers than white students. These barriers may deter groups underrepresented in medicine from applying to and matriculating at medical school.
Authors: Jessica Faiz, M.D., M.S.H.P.M., of the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and UCLA in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0498)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Severity of COVID-19–Related Illness in Massachusetts, July 2021 to December 2022
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Effectiveness of an Over-the-Counter Self-fitting Hearing Aid Compared With an Audiologist-Fitted Hearing Aid
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Assessment of Psilocybin Therapy for Patients With Cancer and Major Depression Disorder
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Risk of New Retinal Vascular Occlusion After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination
JAMA Ophthalmology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 13, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.0610?guestAccessKey=acb10547-b408-4cd9-8417-4e0a4aa30c9d&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=041323
About The Study: The findings of this study including more than 3 million patients receiving the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine suggest that retinal vascular occlusion (RVO) diagnosed acutely after vaccination occurs extremely rarely at rates similar to those of two different historically used vaccinations, the influenza and tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. No evidence suggesting an association between the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and newly diagnosed RVO was found.
Authors: Rishi P. Singh, M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.0610)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health Care–Associated Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With vs Without COVID-19
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, APRIL 13, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this analysis of more than 5 million hospitalizations between 2020 and 2022, health care–associated infection (HAI) occurrence among inpatients without COVID-19 was similar to that during 2019 despite additional pressures for infection control and health care professionals. The findings suggest that patients with COVID-19 may be more susceptible to HAIs and may require additional prevention measures.
Authors: Kenneth E. Sands, M.D., M.P.H., of HCA Healthcare in Nashville, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8059)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Living Alone and Drug Overdose Deaths in the US
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Ketamine vs Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Episode
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Racial, Ethnic Disparities in Locoregional Breast Cancer Recurrence
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Evaluation of Preferred Language and Timing of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Disease Outcomes
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Role of Positive Age Beliefs in Recovery From Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older Persons
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Effect of Smartphone App Home Monitoring After Oncologic Surgery on Quality of Recovery
JAMA Surgery
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial, postoperative follow-up for patients undergoing breast reconstruction and gynecologic oncology surgery using smartphone app–assisted monitoring led to improved quality of recovery and equal satisfaction with care compared with conventional in-person follow-up.
Authors: Claire Temple-Oberle, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.0616)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health Effects of Involuntary Displacement of Homeless Individuals Who Inject Drugs
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 10, 2023
Media advisory: The full study, editorial and Viewpoint are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This simulation modeling study of 23 U.S. cities projects that involuntary displacement of people experiencing homelessness who inject drugs may yield substantial increases in morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period. Involuntary displacement is estimated to worsen overdose and hospitalizations, decrease initiations of medications for opioid use disorder, and contribute to deaths. These findings have implications for the practice of involuntary displacement, as well as policies such as access to housing and supportive services, that could mitigate these harms.
Authors: Joshua A. Barocas, M.D., of the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4800)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Racial Disparities in Treatment Initiation and Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in North America
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Infant Neurodevelopment and Exposure to Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy
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Associations of Change in Body Size With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Healthy Older Adults
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Changes in the Frequency and Type of Barriers to Reproductive Health Care Between 2017 and 2021
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Racial, Ethnic Disparities and Loss of Medicaid Eligibility
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Effect of a Coaching Intervention to Improve Cardiologist Communication
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Association of Homelessness With Emergency Department Use Among Children in New York
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Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to 4 Antihypertensive Drugs
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Suicide Around the Anniversary of a Parent’s Death in Sweden
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Low-Value Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in Older Males
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Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Medication Therapy Among Patients With Insomnia
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Evictions and Infant and Child Health Outcomes
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, APRIL 11, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7612?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041123
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This systematic review surveyed 11 studies reporting associations between direct experience of and proximity to evictions and adverse birth outcomes. Evidence suggests that childhood exposure to evictions was associated with harms to neurodevelopment and overall health. In the context of a rental housing affordability crisis, ongoing racial disparities in evictions, and continuing harm to millions of families, health care practitioners and policy makers have an integral role to play in supporting safe, stable housing for all.
Authors: Bruce Ramphal, Sc.B., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7612)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Changes in Children’s Screen Time During Pandemic
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 10, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The largest increase in children’s recreational screen time during the pandemic was on weekdays, especially at the outset of the pandemic when schools were closed; this increase was greater than expected for age-related growth. Change in weekend screen time during the pandemic was not significant compared with weekday screen time. Once in-person school resumed, weekday screen time decreased versus that during the COVID-1 wave (spring 2020), although it remained consistently higher than pre-pandemic estimates and age-related expectations.
Authors: Sheri Madigan, Ph.D., of the University of Calgary in Calgary, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0393)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health Care Access, Affordability Among Adults With Self-reported Post–COVID-19 Condition
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, APRIL 10, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7455?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=041023
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this survey study of 9,400 adults ages 18 to 64, a higher rate of respondents with self-reported post–COVID-19 condition (PCC; also known as long COVID) did not obtain needed health care in the past year because of cost compared with adults without PCC. Adults with PCC were also more likely to have unmet needs because of difficulties getting timely appointments or health plan authorization, among other challenges with health care institutions or health insurance. These findings suggest that improved health care access for adults with PCC may require developing clinical protocols and addressing insurance-related barriers.
Authors: Michael Karpman, M.P.P., of the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.7455)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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