About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study including 340,000 pregnant women suggest that long-term exposure to antepartum and postpartum air pollution was associated with higher postpartum depression risks. Identifying the modifiable environmental risk factors and developing interventions are important public health issues to improve maternal mental health and alleviate the disease burden of postpartum depression.
Authors: Jun Wu, Ph.D., of the University of California, Irvine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38315)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:30 P.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2023 Scientific Congress & Expo.
About The Study: There was an increased likelihood of live birth among assisted reproductive technology cycles with a gestational carrier versus those without a gestational carrier in this analysis of 2014 to 2020 national surveillance data. Gestational carrier use was a risk factor for twins, even after adjusting for the number of embryos transferred. More than one-quarter of embryo transfers to gestational carriers involved two or more embryos despite national recommendations of single embryo transfer.
Authors: Lisa M. Shandley, M.D, M.Sc., of the Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.11023)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The results of this study including 121,000 Singaporean children ages 1 through 4 suggest that completion of a primary mRNA vaccine series provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although incidence of hospitalization and severe illness is low in this age group, there is potential benefit of vaccination in preventing infection and potential sequelae.
Authors: Liang En Wee, M.R.C.P., M.P.H., of the National Centre for Infectious Diseases in Singapore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4505)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The Million Hearts Model, which encouraged and paid health care organizations to assess and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, reduced first-time heart attacks and strokes. The results support guidelines to use risk scores for CVD primary prevention.
Authors: Laura Blue, Ph.D., of Mathematica in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19597)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 109,000 individuals born between 1933 and 1952 and followed up in old age, adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with an increased risk of dementia. Policy makers, caregivers, patients, and clinicians may wish to monitor reliably for ADHD in old age.
Authors: Stephen Z. Levine, Ph.D., of the University of Haifa in Haifa, Israel, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38088)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of over 4.7 million patient encounters across the U.S. during a 3-year period suggest that patients from racial and ethnic minority groups with acute traumatic injuries do not have their pain treated equitably in the prehospital setting.
Authors: Eli Carrillo, M.D., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, California, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38070)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The findings of this study demonstrated that the incremental changes associated with dementia in regard to older adults’ long-term care and financial burden are substantial. Family care availability should be accounted for in a comprehensive assessment of predicting the effects of dementia.
Authors: Hwa Jung Choi, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.5482)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1:45 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2023
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at IDWeek 2023.
About The Study: Among 2,511 adults hospitalized with acute infection, treatment with the antibiotic piperacillin-tazobactam did not increase the incidence of acute kidney injury or death in this randomized clinical trial. Treatment with the antibiotic cefepime resulted in more neurological dysfunction.
Authors: Edward T. Qian, M.D., M.Sc., of Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20583)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found differences in Medicare-funded home-based clinical care provision across the U.S. by county-level Social Vulnerability Index (a measure of socioeconomic deprivation), suggesting inequitable care access among homebound Medicare beneficiaries. Almost one-quarter of counties had low availability of home-based medical care clinicians coupled with high socioeconomic disadvantage.
Authors: Harriet Mather, M.D., of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37508)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of more than 13 million infants, maternal Medicaid insurance was associated with increased risk of infant mortality at the population level in the U.S. Novel strategies are needed to improve access to care, quality of care, and outcomes among women and infants enrolled in Medicaid.
Authors: Colm P. Travers, M.D., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37690)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12, 2023
Media advisory: The following articles are being published for a Blood, Bleeding, and Transfusion Theme Issue. The full articles are linked to this news release.
A video, “Gay and Bisexual Men Can Now Donate Blood—Why This Matters,” which explores the evolution of a 4-decades-old policy that barred gay and bisexual men from donating blood and how blood banks and the LGBTQ community worked to develop inclusive blood donation policies, will be available at the embargo time at this link.
Original Investigations
Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit
Small-Volume Blood Collection Tubes to Reduce Transfusions in Intensive Care
Emergency Department Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Trauma Patients With Exsanguinating Hemorrhage
Early and Empirical High-Dose Cryoprecipitate for Hemorrhage After Traumatic Injury
Special Communication
Red Blood Cell Transfusion – 2023 AABB International Guidelines
Editorials
Precision in Transfusion Medicine
Contemporary Adjuncts to Hemorrhage Control
Viewpoints
From Product to Patient—Transfusion and Patient Blood Management
The Bloody Transfusion Problem
Redefining Blood Donation—Path to Inclusivity and Safety
Medical News & Perspectives
Could Universal Donor Blood Be Made in the Laboratory?
About The Study: This randomized trial in 25 adult medical-surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in Canada found that the transition from standard-volume to small-volume tubes for blood collection in the ICU may reduce red blood cell transfusion without impacting biospecimen sufficiency for laboratory analysis.
Authors: Deborah M. Siegal, M.D., M.Sc., of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20820)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 249,000 visits to seven academic and community hospital emergency departments, patients who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Other race and ethnicity were assigned less acute Emergency Severity Index scores than their white peers despite having received more involved physician workups, suggesting some degree of mistriage. Clinical decision support systems might reduce these disparities but would require careful calibration to avoid replicating bias.
Authors: Joshua W. Joseph, M.D., M.S., M.B.E., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37557)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Based on high-quality population-based data, this study found that the higher lung cancer incidence in women than in men has not only continued in individuals younger than 50 years but also now extends to middle-aged adults as younger women with a high risk of the disease enter older age. Reasons for this shift are unclear because the prevalence and intensity of smoking are not higher in younger women compared with men except for a slightly elevated prevalence among those born in the 1960s.
Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, D.V.M., Ph.D., of the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4415)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant A baumannii, and Candida auris were common among patients receiving mechanical ventilation in both acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities in Maryland. Both pathogens were significantly more common in long-term care facilities than in acute care hospitals. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation in long-term care facilities are a high-risk population for emerging pathogens, and surveillance and prevention efforts should be targeted to these facilities.
Authors: Anthony D. Harris, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.21083)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was common in patients admitted to 233 intensive care units in 30 countries between 2019 and 2022, with high variability across centers in transfusion practices. Although many different clinical reasons and triggers were stated for RBC transfusion, the three most common reasons (low hemoglobin level, active bleeding, hemodynamic instability) and triggers (hypotension, tachycardia, no physiological trigger affected the decision to transfuse) were largely overlapping in all regions.
Authors: Alexander P. J. Vlaar, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., of Amsterdam University Medical Centers in Amsterdam, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20737)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer had high rates of perceiving increased infertility risk but frequently overestimated or underestimated their risk in this study that included 785 participants. These findings suggest that counseling on infertility risk throughout survivorship may reduce misalignment between perceptions and actual risk, decrease fertility-related psychological distress, and inform family planning decisions.
Authors: H. Irene Su, M.D., M.S.C.E., of the University of California San Diego, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37245)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study of nearly 13,000 veterans with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer suggest that differences in outcomes by race and ethnicity exist. In addition, Black and Hispanic men may have considerably improved outcomes when treated in an equal-access setting.
Authors: Kelli M. Rasmussen, M.S., of the University of Utah School of Medicine in Salt Lake City, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37272)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 23,000 individuals found a higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease mortality among adults with moderate to severe depressive symptoms compared to those without depressive symptoms. Public health efforts to improve awareness and treatment of depression and associated risk factors could support a comprehensive, nationwide strategy to reduce the burden of depression.
Authors: Zefeng Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37011)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: During the first full calendar year of the pandemic, approximately 1 in 5 adolescents had major depressive disorder, and less than half of adolescents who needed treatment had any mental health treatment, according to this analysis of nationally representative survey data of 10,000 U.S. adolescents. Adolescents in racial and ethnic minority groups, particularly Latinx, experienced the lowest treatment rates.
Authors: Michael William Flores, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3996)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: A multilevel primary care intervention that included electronic health record reminders and patient outreach with or without patient navigation improved timely follow-up of overdue abnormal cancer screening test results for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer.
Authors: Steven J. Atlas, M.D., M.P.H., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.18755)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of middle-aged Chinese surgery patients found subjective cognitive and short-term memory impairment within 12 months after both cardiac and noncardiac surgery, with multiple identified risk factors, underscoring the potential of preoperative psychological interventions and optimized perioperative management for postoperative cognitive impairment prevention.
Authors: Huan Song, M.D., Ph.D., and Qian Li, M.D., of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36985)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cross-sectional study found that most survey respondents who gave birth between June and December 2020 did not use prenatal telehealth, and a personal preference for in-person care was the most common reason. Patients’ preferences should influence how prenatal telehealth, which has both benefits and drawbacks, is incorporated into their care.
Authors: Rebecca A. Gourevitch, Ph.D., of the University of Maryland in College Park, is the corresponding author.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37978)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this survey study involving 1,373 physicians and three survey periods suggest that the physician burnout rate in the U.S. is increasing. This pattern represents a potential threat to the ability of the health care system to care for patients and needs urgent solutions.
Authors: Marcus V. Ortega, M.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36745)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: COVID-19 was associated with a substantial risk for autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders in this retrospective cohort study, indicating that long-term management of patients with COVID-19 should include evaluation for such disorders.
Authors: Solam Lee, M.D., Ph.D., of Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine in Wonju, Republic of Korea, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36120)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This study found that use of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists for weight loss compared with use of bupropion-naltrexone was associated with increased risk of pancreatitis, gastroparesis, and bowel obstruction but not biliary disease. Given the wide use of these drugs, these adverse events, although rare, must be considered by patients who are contemplating using the drugs for weight loss because the risk-benefit calculus for this group might differ from that of those who use them for diabetes.
Authors: Mahyar Etminan, Pharm.D., M.Sc., of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19574)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 4,070 insured adults with diabetes, disparities in poor glycemic control persisted despite adjustment for social, health care, and behavioral factors. Research is needed to identify the barriers contributing to poor control even in populations with access to care.
Authors: Sandra S. Albrecht, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36307)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In a representative sample of emergency department chest radiographs, results suggest that the generative artificial intelligence (AI) model produced reports of similar clinical accuracy and textual quality to radiologist reports while providing higher textual quality than teleradiologist reports. Implementation of the model in the clinical workflow could enable timely alerts to life-threatening pathology while aiding imaging interpretation and documentation.
Authors: Mozziyar Etemadi, M.D., Ph.D., of Northwestern Medicine Information Services in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36100)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study of 26.9 million individuals in four Canadian provinces found that cannabis legalization with restrictions was not associated with an increase in hospitalizations due to cannabis but commercialization was. The findings suggest that commercialization of cannabis may be associated with increases in cannabis-related health harms, including cannabis-induced psychosis.
Authors: Daniel T. Myran, M.D., M.P.H., of the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36113)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalizations in Canadian pediatric hospitals was substantial, particularly among infants less than six months of age, and RSV hospitalizations increased in 2021-2022 compared with the pre-pandemic period, while severity of illness remained similar. These findings suggest that RSV preventive strategies for infants less than six months of age would be associated with decreased RSV disease burden in children.
Authors: Jesse Papenburg, M.D., M.Sc., of McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36863)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: Based on U.S. national representative data, the estimated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence was 10.08% to 10.47% among children and adolescents ages 4 to 17 from 2017 to 2022, which was similar to the prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey in 2015 to 2016 (10.20%). No significant annual change in the prevalence of ADHD was found from 2017 to 2022. Notably, the estimated prevalence of ADHD among individuals in the U.S. in this study was higher than worldwide estimates (5.3%) in earlier years (1978-2005).
Authors: Wenhan Yang, M.D., Ph.D., of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, and Jinhua Lu, M.M., of Guangzhou Medical University in Guangzhou, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36872)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this post hoc secondary analysis of 10,678 participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from a randomized clinical trial, enteric-coated aspirin was not associated with significantly higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or death or with lower bleeding risk compared with uncoated aspirin, regardless of dose, although a reduction in bleeding with enteric-coated aspirin cannot be excluded. More research is needed to confirm whether enteric-coated aspirin formulations or newer formulations will improve outcomes in this population.
Authors: Mark B. Effron, M.D., of the University of Queensland-Ochsner Clinical School in New Orleans, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.3364)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meeting 2023.
About The Study: In people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin in this randomized clinical trial with 1,428 participants, weekly tirzepatide compared with prandial insulin as an additional treatment with insulin glargine demonstrated reductions in HbA1c and body weight with less hypoglycemia.
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, M.D., of Velocity Clinical Research at Medical City in Dallas, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.20294)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2023
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being released to coincide with presentation at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Annual Meeting 2023.
About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial, early treatment with metformin was not superior to placebo for the composite primary outcome of insulin initiation or a fasting glucose level of 5.1 mmol/L or greater at gestation weeks 32 or 38. Prespecified secondary outcome data support further investigation of metformin in larger clinical trials.
Authors: Fidelma Dunne, Ph.D., of the University of Galway in Galway, Ireland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.19869)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study including 33 physicians across 17 specialties who generated 284 medical questions, chatbot generated largely accurate information to diverse medical queries as judged by academic physician specialists with improvement over time, although it had important limitations. Further research and model development are needed to correct inaccuracies and for validation.
Authors: Douglas B. Johnson, M.D., M.S.C.I., and Lee E. Wheless, M.D., Ph.D., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36483)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study of 6,866 individuals with COVID-19, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (Paxlovid [Pfizer]) treatment was associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or death in clinically extremely vulnerable individuals, with the greatest benefit observed in severely immunocompromised individuals. No reduction in the primary outcome (death from any cause or emergency hospitalization with COVID-19 within 28 days) was observed in lower-risk individuals, including those age 70 or older without serious comorbidities.
Authors: Colin R. Dormuth, Sc.D., of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36678)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: This study of 491,000 participants followed up for up to 15 years found that loneliness was associated with risk of incident Parkinson disease across demographic groups and independent of depression and other prominent risk factors and genetic risk. The findings add to the evidence that loneliness is a substantial psychosocial determinant of health.
Authors: Antonio Terracciano, Ph.D., of the Florida State University College of Medicine in Tallahassee, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3382)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was associated with a reduced major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event recurrence risk, suggesting that treatment adherence is a key factor in secondary cardiovascular prevention in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Authors: Ferran Barbé, M.D., of the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) in Madrid, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2023.17465)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study of 431,000 inpatient encounters at five Massachusetts hospitals suggest that SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis was common and had higher mortality than presumed bacterial sepsis early in the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight the high burden of SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis and demonstrate the utility of electronic health record-based algorithms to conduct surveillance for viral and bacterial sepsis.
Authors: Claire N. Shappell, M.D., M.P.H., of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.35728)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
