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Frontal White Matter Changes and Craving Recovery in Inpatients With Heroin Use Disorder
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Child Abuse Identification and Inpatient Treatment
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that Black children and adolescents were suspected to have experienced child abuse at higher rates than children and adolescents of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. More research is necessary to understand the origins of these disparities to reduce them in child abuse identification.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Norah E. Liang, MD, email nliang@stanford.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51588)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trajectory of Cardiovascular Health Across Childhood and Adolescence
JAMA Cardiology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this cohort of 1,500 children, across demographic subgroups, the trajectory of cardiovascular health (CVH) scores began to decline at approximately age 10, associated with health behaviors rather than health factors. Statistically significant (albeit small) differences in CVH trajectory parameters by sociodemographic characteristics were also identified. This study provides insight into the trajectory of CVH early in life, which may contribute to CVH disparities in adulthood, and identified modifiable health behaviors for focused prevention efforts to optimize CVH in early life.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Izzuddin M. Aris, PhD, email izzuddin_aris@hphci.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4022)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Physical Activity Engagement After Tai Ji Quan Intervention Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Memory Concerns
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Biased Language in Simulated Handoffs and Clinician Recall and Attitudes
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Cannabis Use and Trajectories of Depression and Stress Across the Prenatal Period
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Daily Physical Activity, Sports Participation, and Executive Function in Children
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49879?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=121724
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of Dutch children, early-life moderate to vigorous physical activity was not associated with executive function in middle childhood. Children participating in team sports at ages 10 to 11 consistently exhibited superior executive function compared with participants in individual sports.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lu Yang, MSc, email l.yang@umcg.nl.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49879)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Unionization Efforts by Physicians Between 2000 and 2024
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Compared with 2000-2022, the number of union petitions with physicians in the bargaining units filed and certified increased in 2023 through May 2024. Organizing efforts were motivated by concerns about working conditions, physicians’ autonomy, and voice in management, and the quality of patient care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kevin Schulman, MD, email kevin.schulman@stanford.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23721)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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2024 Update of the RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Research Index
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The 2024 long COVID research index for adults builds on the 2023 index with additional data and symptoms to help researchers classify symptomatic long COVID and its symptom subtypes. Continued future refinement of the index will be needed as the understanding of long COVID evolves.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Leora I. Horwitz, MD, MHS, email leora.horwitz@nyulangone.org.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24184)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Obesity and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full article is linked to this news release.
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About The Article: In this Viewpoint, authors from the World Health Organization discuss factors associated with the prevalence of obesity worldwide and whether the novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can help unlock a health systems response to the obesity pandemic.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Francesca Celletti, MD, PhD, email cellettif@who.int.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25872)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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FDA Approval of Pediatric AI and Machine Learning–Enabled Medical Devices
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Lithium Use During Pregnancy in 14 Countries
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Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Years After Cessation of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use
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Quality of Hospices Used by Medicare Advantage and Traditional Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries
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Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Insomnia Disorder
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation would be safe and effective in treating chronic insomnia. Future multicenter clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to validate its effectiveness across diverse populations.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Yu Wang, MD, PhD, (wy8166@126.com) and Peijing Rong, MD, PhD, (drrongpj@163.com).
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51217)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Cannabidiol for Scan-Related Anxiety in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this randomized clinical trial show that cannabidiol (CBD) can be used safely in women with advanced breast cancer and clinical anxiety. Although the study did not meet its primary end point comparing pre-ingestion vs post-ingestion anxiety change scores between study arms, anxiety levels in the CBD arm were significantly lower 2 to 4 hours after ingestion, suggesting a possible anxiolytic effect and warranting further investigation.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ilana M. Braun, MD, email ilana_braun@dfci.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50391)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Daily Step Count and Depression in Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 observational studies involving 96,000 adults, higher daily step counts were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the general adult population. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the potential protective role of daily steps in mitigating the risk of depression during adulthood.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Estela Jimenez-Lopez, PhD, MPH, email estela.jimenezlopez@uclm.es.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51208)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Loneliness and Social and Emotional Support Among Sexual and Gender Minority Caregivers
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Polluted Air from Canadian Wildfires and Cardiopulmonary Disease in the Eastern US
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Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for RSV–Related Lower Respiratory Tract Disease
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Prevalence of Post–COVID-19 Condition and Activity-Limiting Post–COVID-19 Condition Among Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In 2023, among 29,522 respondents to the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative household survey, 8.4% of adults in the U.S. reported they ever had post–COVID-19 condition (PCC; also known as long COVID), 3.6% currently had PCC, and 2.3% currently had activity-limiting PCC. Significant differences across all 3 outcomes were observed by sex, sexual orientation, age, race and Hispanic origin, family income, and urbanization.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Anjel Vahratian, PhD, MPH, email avahratian@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51151)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Changes in Adult Obesity Trends in the US
JAMA Health Forum
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that body mass index and obesity prevalence in the U.S. decreased in 2023 for the first time in more than a decade. The most notable decrease was in the South, which had the highest observed per capita glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) dispensing rate. However, dispensing does not necessarily mean uptake, and the South also experienced disproportionately high COVID-19 mortality among individuals with obesity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Benjamin Rader, PhD, MPH, email benjamin.rader@childrens.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3685)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Camrelizumab vs Placebo in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Early or Locally Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:15 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
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About The Study: Among patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer, the addition of camrelizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Zhi-Ming Shao, MD (zhiminshao@fudan.edu.cn) and Lei Fan, MD (teddyfl@163.com).
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23560)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Patient-Reported Outcomes for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8:15 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.6556?guestAccessKey=0eeee72d-bf97-4638-861c-42bfa16a41a5&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=121224
About The Study: In this prespecified secondary analysis of the Comparing an Operation to Monitoring, With or Without Endocrine Therapy (COMET) prospective randomized trial, the overall lived experience of women randomized to undergo active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ was similar to that of women randomized to guideline-concordant care during the 2 years following diagnosis.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH, email ann_partridge@dfci.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.6556)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8:15 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.26698?guestAccessKey=e1ebba48-d10d-4114-8084-88cdc40c929c&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=121224
About The Study: Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ randomized to active monitoring did not have a higher rate of invasive cancer in the same breast at 2 years compared with those randomized to guideline-concordant care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, E. Shelley Hwang, MD, MPH, email shelley.hwang@duke.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26698)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Neighborhood Disadvantage in a Nationally Representative Sample of Community-Living Older US Adults
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Nonsupine Sleep Position Among US Infants
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Anabolic Steroid Initiation Among Boys and Young Men After Use of Muscle-Building Supplements
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Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine for COVID-19 Among Children Ages 5-17
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) provided protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalization and emergency department or urgent care visits among children 5 to 17 years of age during the 2023-2024 season with estimated vaccine effectiveness point estimates ranging from 63% to 73%.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sara Y. Tartof, PhD, MPH, email Sara.Y.Tartof@kp.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49944)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in School Mental Health and Substance Use Education
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: From 2008-2020, teachers reported an increase in emotional/mental health and suicide prevention in schools, along with related teacher training. However, they reported a decrease in substance use prevention, particularly among middle schools, and no change in teacher training. Substance use during early adolescence is associated with risk for long-term addiction, and middle schools may be underused for prevention.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Chloe Gao, BHSc, email chloe.gao@childrens.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24579)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Buprenorphine Injection Among Rural Persons Who Inject Drugs
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Public Attitudes Toward Notification of Use of AI in Health Care
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Global Healthspan-Lifespan Gaps Among 183 WHO Member States
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study identifies growing healthspan (years lived in good health)-lifespan gaps around the globe, threatening healthy longevity across worldwide populations. Women globally exhibited a larger healthspan-lifespan gap than men.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andre Terzic, MD, PhD, email terzic.andre@mayo.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50241)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Electronic Sepsis Screening Among Patients Admitted to Hospital Wards
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:30 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.25982?guestAccessKey=24f9df52-423a-478f-9da1-077914ec92f0&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=121024
About The Study: Among hospitalized ward patients, electronic sepsis screening compared with no screening resulted in significantly lower in-hospital 90-day mortality.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yaseen M. Arabi, MD, email arabi@ngha.med.sa.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25982)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorials are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.26244?guestAccessKey=44a6ef73-fb24-4f13-ab29-bff421845107&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=121024
About The Study: Compared with noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen met prespecified criteria for noninferiority for the primary outcome of endotracheal intubation or death within 7 days in 4 of the 5 patient groups with acute respiratory failure. However, the small sample sizes in some patient groups and the sensitivity of the findings to the choice of analysis model suggests the need for further study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunocompromised patients, and patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, MD, PhD, email abiasi@hcor.com.br.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26244)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
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About The Study: In hospitalized adults, daily procalcitonin -guided protocol reduced antibiotic duration safely compared with standard care, but daily C-reactive protein -guided protocol does not. All-cause mortality for C-reactive protein was inconclusive.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Paul Dark, MD, PhD, email adaptsepsistrial@warwick.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26458)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Treatment Expectancies and Psilocybin vs Escitalopram for Depression
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Annual Meeting.
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About The Study: This randomized controlled trial secondary analysis examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin compared with escitalopram for major depressive disorder.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ethan Dutcher, MD, PhD, email ethan.dutcher@ucsf.edu.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4387)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Early Restrictive vs Liberal Oxygen for Trauma Patients
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 5 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.25786?guestAccessKey=abe95d01-d7ca-4037-b048-412030f3ede7&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=121024
About The Study: In adult trauma patients, an early restrictive oxygen strategy compared with a liberal oxygen strategy initiated in the prehospital setting or on trauma center admission for 8 hours did not significantly reduce death and/or major respiratory complications within 30 days.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jacob Steinmetz, MD, PhD, email jacob.steinmetz@regionh.dk.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25786)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Glycemic Control With Layperson-Delivered Telephone Calls vs Usual Care for Patients With Diabetes
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Agent-Based Model of Combined Community- and Jail-Based Take-Home Naloxone Distribution
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Patient Gowns and Dehumanization During Hospital Admission
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Race, Ethnicity, and Sleep in US Children
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of children’s sleep disparities, racially and ethnically minoritized children exhibited disparities in mean levels and variability of sleep compared with their white peers. These findings suggest that policies and practices should target multiple sleep dimensions among diverse racial and ethnic groups to promote equitable pediatric sleep health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yijie Wang, PhD, email yjwang@msu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49861)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Allostatic Load, Educational Attainment, and Risk of Cancer Mortality Among US Men
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study highlights the detrimental association of not attaining a high school degree, combined with high allostatic load as a marker of chronic stress, with cancer mortality. Efforts to promote educational attainment and address the underlying social determinants of health are imperative in reducing cancer disparities in this population.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Justin X. Moore, PhD, MPH, email jx.moore@uky.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49855)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Asthma Prevalence in the Disaggregated Multiracial Population of California
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Depression Treatment After a Positive Depression Screen Result
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State Parental Consent Law and Treatment Use Among Adolescents With Depression
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Stress-Related Disorders Among Young Individuals With Surgical Removal of Tonsils or Adenoids
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this cohort study suggest that early-life surgical removal of tonsils or adenoids is associated with a higher future risk of stress-related disorders and highlight a need to understand the role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Zhe Zhang, MD, PhD, email zhangzhe@gxmu.edu.cn.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49807)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Health and Lifestyle Factors and Dementia Risk Among Former Professional Soccer Players
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cohort study found no evidence that high dementia risk among former professional soccer players was associated with potentially modifiable general health and lifestyle dementia risk factors. These data support continuation of measures directed toward reducing exposure to repetitive head impacts and traumatic brain injury in sport.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, William Stewart, MBChB, PhD, email william.stewart@glasgow.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49742)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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RSV Disease Burden and Nirsevimab Effectiveness in Young Children From 2023-2024
JAMA Pediatrics
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This analysis documented the continued high burden of medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated acute respiratory illness among young children in the U.S. Nirsevimab and maternal RSV vaccine uptake was low, but nirsevimab was effective against RSV-associated hospitalization. There is a potential for substantial public health impact with increased and equitable prevention product coverage in future seasons.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Heidi L. Moline, MD, MPH, email ick6@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5572)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Racial and Ethnic and Rural Variations in the Use of Hybrid Prenatal Care in the US
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Stakeholder Perspectives on Randomized Clinical Trials for Children With Poor-Prognosis Cancers
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Drug Overdose Deaths Among Medicaid Beneficiaries
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Glucose Levels Across Birth Cohorts in the US
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49481?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=120624
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of 52,000 participants representing 264 million U.S. adults, population-level improvements in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decelerated and adverse trends in glucose levels accelerated in more recent birth cohorts, which was partially mediated by concurrent increases in body mass index. Public health initiatives that target antecedent health behaviors are needed to improve cardiometabolic health across generations.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Xiaoning Huang, PhD, email jack.huang@northwestern.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49481)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Loneliness and Social Isolation Among US Older Adults
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study found that adults ages 50 to 80 commonly reported loneliness and social isolation. While the pandemic disrupted social connections, rates of loneliness and isolation were substantial both before and after the early pandemic. High rates of loneliness and social isolation occurred in several sociodemographic groups, especially those with self-reported fair or poor physical or mental health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ, email pmalani@umich.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23213)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Diversion of Undistributed Pharmaceutical Ketamine in the US
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Discrimination Within the US Ophthalmology Workforce
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Psilocybin Therapy for Clinicians With Symptoms of Depression From Frontline Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Satellite-Based and Street-View Green Space and Adiposity in US Children
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49113?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=120524
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this cohort study of U.S. children suggest that higher levels of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index greenness and percentages of street-level green space components (flowers, plants, and fields) were associated with lower adiposity. The findings support the exploration of increasing residential green space levels and adding specific green space components as an urban planning and public health intervention strategy to combat the prevalence of childhood obesity in the U.S.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Li Yi, PhD, email li_yi@hsph.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49113)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Estimated Reduction in Health Care Spending Associated With Weight Loss in Adults
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, projected annual savings from weight loss among U.S. adults with obesity were substantial for both Medicare and employer-based insurance.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kenneth E. Thorpe, PhD, email kthorpe@emory.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49200)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Estimation of Cancer Deaths Averted From Prevention, Screening, and Treatment Efforts, 1975-2020
JAMA Oncology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5381?guestAccessKey=b09bd8fb-cf28-4cda-be14-5d139146d1d5&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=120524
About The Study: In this model-based study using population-level cancer mortality data, an estimated 5.94 million cancer deaths were averted for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers combined from 1975 to 2020. Prevention and screening accounted for 8 of every 10 averted deaths, and the contribution varied by cancer site. Despite progress, efforts to reduce the U.S. cancer burden will require increased dissemination of effective interventions and new technologies and discoveries.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Katrina A. B. Goddard, PhD, email katrina.goddard@nih.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5381)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Obstetric Care Access at Rural and Urban Hospitals in the US
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: Between 2010 and 2022—a time of tremendous attention to maternal health—there was a net loss of hospital-based obstetric care in both rural and urban hospitals across the U.S. In 2010, more than half of rural hospitals and two-thirds of urban hospitals offered obstetric care. Rural hospitals started with lower percentages of hospitals offering obstetrics compared with urban hospitals and experienced a larger increase in the percentage of hospitals without obstetrics.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Katy B. Kozhimannil, PhD, MPA, email Brad Robideau at brobidea@umn.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23010)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Redesigning the Hospital Environment to Improve Restfulness
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Symptom Recovery in Children Ages 5 to 12 With Sport-Related and Non–Sport-Related Concussion
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Duration of Ice Hockey Play and CTE
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Accuracy in Measurement of Infant Formula Powder and Water by Caregivers With and Without a Crying Baby Present
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Regulatory Air Quality Monitor Locations in the US
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest regulatory monitor data may not adequately capture air quality exposures for some marginalized race and ethnicity groups, and the consequences of incomplete or uncertain air quality estimates for these communities should be further investigated.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Brenna C. Kelly, MS, email brenna.kelly@utah.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49005)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Trends in Outpatient Psychotherapy Among Adults in the US
JAMA Psychiatry
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study found that psychotherapy use increased significantly faster among several socioeconomically advantaged groups and that inequalities were evident in teletherapy access. These trends and patterns highlight a need for clinical interventions and health care policies to broaden access to psychotherapy including teletherapy.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Mark Olfson, MD, MPH, email mo49@cumc.columbia.edu.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3903)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia
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Acceptability of Guidelines to Stop Colon Cancer Screening by Estimated Life Expectancy
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Use of AI in Peer Review Among Top 100 Medical Journals
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Developing and Evaluating Large Language Model–Generated Emergency Medicine Handoff Notes
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of 1,600 emergency medicine patient medical records, large language model (LLM)-generated emergency medicine-to-inpatient handoff notes were determined superior compared with physician-written summaries via conventional automated evaluation methods, but marginally inferior in usefulness and safety via a novel evaluation framework. This study suggests the importance of a physician-in-loop implementation design for this model and demonstrates an effective strategy to measure pre-implementation patient safety of LLM models.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Vince Hartman, MS, email vince@abstractivehealth.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48723)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Disease Severity Staging System for NOTCH3-Associated Small Vessel Disease, Including CADASIL
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. The study is being presented at the CADASIL meeting 2024.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest the NOTCH3-associated small vessel disease (NOTCH3-SVD) staging system will help to better harmonize NOTCH3-SVD and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) cohort studies and registries; may improve individualized disease counseling, monitoring, and clinical management; and may facilitate patient stratification in clinical trials.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Gido Gravesteijn, MD, PhD (g.gravesteijn@lumc.nl) and Saskia A. J. Lesnik Oberstein, MD, PhD (lesnik@lumc.nl).
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4487)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Drug Prices Negotiated by Medicare vs US Net Prices and Prices in Other Countries
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Advance Care Planning, End-of-Life Preferences, and Burdensome Care
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Smartphone App–Based Contingency Management and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes
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Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 1, 2024
Media advisory: The full article and editorial are linked to this news release.
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About The Article: This narrative review from the International Antiviral Society–USA provides updated 2024 recommendations for HIV treatment and clinical management and HIV prevention. New approaches for treating and preventing HIV offer additional tools to help end the HIV epidemic, but achieving this goal depends on addressing disparities and inequities in access to care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD email RGANDHI@mgh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24543)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Characterizing Services Advertised on Crisis Pregnancy Center Websites
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest the need for greater scrutiny of crisis pregnancy center practices, particularly their service provision, provider qualifications, and how these conform with regulations or best practices. A key concern is their promotion of abortion pill reversal, which lacks FDA approval or scientific support and may cause harm.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, John W. Ayers, PhD, MA, email ayers.john.w@gmail.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6440)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Implementation of Electronic Triggers to Identify Diagnostic Errors in Emergency Departments
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this retrospective medical record review study, rules-based e-triggers were useful for post hoc detection of missed opportunities in diagnosis in emergency department visits. Interventions to target emergency department work system factors are urgently needed to support patient-clinician encounters and minimize harm from diagnostic errors.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hardeep Singh, MD, MPH, email hardeeps@bcm.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6214)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Launch and Postlaunch Price Developments of New Drugs in the US, Germany, and Switzerland
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality After Negative Colonoscopy Screening Results
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Social Vulnerability, Intervention Utilization, and Outcomes in US Adults Hospitalized With Influenza
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Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Psoriasis
JAMA Dermatology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The results of this study showed an association between high ultraprocessed food intake and active psoriasis status. After adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, and comorbidities, the results remained significant, suggesting that ultraprocessed food intake has a proinflammatory action separate from high BMI.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Emilie Sbidian, MD, PhD, email emilie.sbidian@aphp.fr.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.4832)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Race and Ethnicity, Gender, and Promotion of Physicians in Academic Medicine
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study indicate that preferential promotion of white men within academic medicine continues to persist in the new millennium, with racially and ethnically diverse women experiencing greater underpromotion. To achieve a workforce that reflects the diversity of the U.S. population, this study suggests that academic medicine needs to transform its culture and practices surrounding faculty appointments and promotions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lauren Clark, MS, email lclark5@kumc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46018)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Testing and Masking Policies and Hospital-Onset Respiratory Viral Infections
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, stopping universal masking and SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections relative to community infections. Restarting the masking of health care workers was associated with a significant decrease.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Theodore R. Pak, MD, PhD, email tpak@mgh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48063)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Geographic Disparities in Gynecologic Oncology Clinical Trial Availability in the US
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Virtual Home Care for Patients With Acute Illness
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Collaborative Care Model for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Illness
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Alcohol Use and Antiobesity Medication Treatment
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cohort study among individuals participating in a weight loss program found that nearly half of those consuming alcohol at baseline decreased their alcohol use after anti-obesity medication initiation. There may be properties of anti-obesity medications that lead to reduced use. For example, naltrexone decreases cravings for alcohol and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may attenuate the rewarding effects of alcohol, similar to food.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lisa R. Miller-Matero, PhD, email lmatero1@hfhs.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.47644)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Cervical Cancer Mortality Among US Women Younger Than Age 25
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study found a steep decline in cervical cancer mortality among U.S. women younger than 25 years between 2016 and 2021. This cohort of women is the first to be widely protected against cervical cancer by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. The findings from this study in the context of other published research suggest that HPV vaccination affected the sequential decline in HPV infection prevalence, cervical cancer incidence, and cervical cancer mortality.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ashish A. Deshmukh, PhD, MPH, email deshmukha@musc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22169)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Association of Severe Maternal Morbidity With Subsequent Birth
JAMA
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that women who experience severe maternal morbidity in their first birth are less likely to have a subsequent birth. Adequate reproductive counseling and enhancing antenatal care are crucial for women with a history of severe maternal morbidity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Eleni Tsamantioti, MD, MMedSc, email eleni.tsamantioti@ki.se.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20957)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Modeling Health and Economic Outcomes of Eliminating Sex Disparities in Youth Physical Activity
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Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Cardiovascular Events Among Long-Term Care Residents
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Psychological Resilience and Frailty Progression in Older Adults
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Wildfire Smoke Exposure and Incident Dementia
JAMA Neurology
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: In this cohort study, after adjusting for measured confounders, long-term exposure to wildfire and non-wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over a 3-year period was associated with dementia diagnoses. As the climate changes, interventions focused on reducing wildfire PM2.5 exposure may reduce dementia diagnoses and related inequities.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Joan A. Casey, PhD, email jacasey@uw.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4058)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Among Young Children
JAMA Network Open
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: No unexpected reactions were identified in this analysis of reactions to COVID-19 vaccines among children. Similar to this study, data from clinical trials and V-safe found that irritability was the most common systemic reaction among children ages 6 months to younger than 2 years, followed by fever and fatigue or sleepiness. In contrast to other studies observing a higher prevalence of reactions after the second COVID-19 vaccine dose, this study observed a higher prevalence after the first dose. This difference may reflect maternal vaccination; the first COVID-19 vaccination in this cohort may be some children’s second immunological encounter with a COVID-19 vaccine.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andrea J. Sharma, PhD, MPH, email aec4@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.47492)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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Generalizability of Clinical Trials of Novel Weight Loss Medications to the US Adult Population
JAMA Internal Medicine
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.
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About The Study: This study estimates that approximately one-third of U.S. adults without diabetes who were eligible for weight loss treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GLP-1/GIP) were excluded from clinical trials supporting these medications’ safety and effectiveness. Until there is evidence from high-quality postmarketing studies, the FDA should consider updating labeling to advise caution on generalizing the safety and effectiveness of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP to populations excluded from pivotal trials.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Timothy S. Anderson, MD, MAS, email tsander@pitt.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6340)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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AI and Radiologist Burnout
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US Pediatric Inpatient Care Loss Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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