Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21700?guestAccessKey=dcffc9b1-79d9-4409-9187-a60ea9c30a51&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101524

 

About The Study: Existing evaluations of large language models mostly focus on accuracy of question answering for medical examinations, without consideration of real patient care data. Dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity and deployment considerations received limited attention. Future evaluations should adopt standardized applications and metrics, use clinical data, and broaden focus to include a wider range of tasks and specialties.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Nigam H. Shah, MBBS, PhD, email nigam@stanford.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21700)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

FDA Perspective on the Regulation of AI in Health Care and Biomedicine

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21451?guestAccessKey=77fe8db1-4ed6-4fba-b753-54bc5343a047&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101524

 

About The Study: Strong oversight by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protects the long-term success of industries by focusing on evaluation to advance regulated technologies that improve health. The FDA will continue to play a central role in ensuring safe, effective, and trustworthy AI tools to improve the lives of patients and clinicians alike. However, all involved entities will need to attend to AI with the rigor this transformative technology merits.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Haider J. Warraich, MD, email haider.warraich@fda.hhs.gov.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21451)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

In Utero Exposure to Maternal COVID-19 and Offspring Neurodevelopment Through Age 24 Months

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39792?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101624

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cohort study of pregnant individuals and offspring, exposure to maternal COVID-19 was not associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental screening results through 24 months’ postpartum. Continued study of diverse groups of children is needed because, among other factors, evidence suggests sensitivity of the developing fetal brain to maternal immune activation. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Eleni G. Jaswa, MD, MSc, MAS, email elenijaswa@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39792)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

HLA-DRB1*01:03 and Severe Ulcerative Colitis

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 4 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at United European Gastroenterology Week 2024.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20429?guestAccessKey=71e1d319-4c1e-494d-abaf-d17a65070d52&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101524

 

About The Study: Among individuals with ulcerative colitis, the allele HLA-DRB1*01:03 was associated with severe ulcerative colitis requiring major operation, hospitalization, and systemic corticosteroid use compared with less severe disease. HLA-DRB1*01:03 has previously been linked to ulcerative colitis incidence. This study supports earlier, targeted genetic studies comparing patients with healthy controls reporting an association with total disease and severe disease requiring colectomy.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marie Vibeke Vestergaard, MSc, email marievv@dcm.aau.dk.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20429)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.18575?guestAccessKey=3a35c89f-2281-49c1-ae17-1885e3cffb8e&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101624

 

About The Study: This Danish nationwide study found an association between levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) use and increased breast cancer risk in females ages 15 to 49, compared with nonuse. LNG-IUS use constitutes the preferred hormonal contraception among Danish premenopausal women older than 30 years. Although the absolute breast cancer risk is low in young women, this study found an excess risk of 14 per 10,000 females. The risk did not increase with duration of use.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lina Steinrud Mørch, MSc, PhD, email morch@cancer.dk.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Hospital Strain During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Outcomes in Older Racial and Ethnic Minority Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38563?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101524

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, older adults hospitalized with sepsis were more likely to die or experience major morbidity as the hospital COVID-19 burden increased. These increases in adverse outcomes were greater in magnitude among members of minority populations than for white individuals. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Laurent G. Glance, MD, email laurent_glance@urmc.rochester.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38563)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Sciatica From Herniated Disk

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.5463?guestAccessKey=6288cecb-4296-4e9c-8d42-8960ced5e0fd&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

Free Summer Programming and BMI Among Schoolchildren From Low-Income Households

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3693?guestAccessKey=14dbb50c-e63c-402b-9f2b-106864eaf00b&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

Trends in Oral and Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions in the US

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1 P.M. ET, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21493?guestAccessKey=5a0d1022-a506-42cf-a93b-2546d78fea11&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

 

About The Study: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use increased between 2013 and 2023, with generic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) being the most frequently prescribed medication since 2021. Injectable PrEP use was low likely because of barriers such as the high cost of stocking this expensive medication in clinics.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Laura M. Mann, PhD, MPH, email lmann@cdc.gov.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21493)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 1 P.M. ET, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21091?guestAccessKey=5165370f-513b-4ff6-bcc9-534bec6865ba&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

 

About The Study: Mpox is a viral infection transmitted primarily through close skin to skin contact that typically causes a self-resolving illness but can result in severe illness and death in immunocompromised individuals. First-line therapy is supportive care, although patients with severe mpox infection may be treated with advanced therapeutics. Mpox vaccination is effective and, if available, should be offered to individuals at risk of exposure to mpox.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jason Zucker, MD, MS, email Jz2700@cumc.columbia.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21091)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Risk of Suicidal Ideation or Attempts in Adolescents With Obesity Treated With GLP1 Receptor Agonists

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3812?guestAccessKey=30dc2b89-6672-48bd-aba1-1936667825bf&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

 

About The Study: In this study, adolescents with obesity prescribed a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1R) had a lower incidence of suicidal ideation or attempts compared with matched patients not prescribed GLP1R who were treated with lifestyle intervention. These results suggest a favorable psychiatric safety profile of GLP1R in adolescents. The detected reduction in hazard ratios for suicidal ideation among adolescents with obesity prescribed GLP1R suggests potential avenues for future research.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Liya Kerem, MD, MSc, email liya.em@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3812)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Among Pediatric Patients

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39444?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101424

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents ages 10 to 19, the risk of an incident diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was greater following a COVID-19 diagnosis than in children diagnosed with other respiratory infections. Further study is required to determine whether diabetes persists or reverses later in life. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Pauline Terebuh, MD, MPH, email pdt@case.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39444)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Recovery From COVID-19–Related Disruptions in Cancer Detection

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39263?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101424

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study of nationally representative registry data found that cancer incidence recovered meaningfully in 2021 following substantial disruptions in 2020. However, incidence rates need to recover further to address the substantial number of patients with undiagnosed cancer during the pandemic. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Uriel Kim, MD, PhD, MBA, email uxk13@case.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.39263)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101124

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of the U.S. population during the COVID-19 public health emergency, excess mortality occurred in all racial and ethnic groups, with disparities affecting several minoritized populations. The greatest relative increases occurred in populations ages 25 to 64. Documented differences deviated from pre-pandemic disparities.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jeremy Samuel Faust, MD, MS, email jsfaust@bwh.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Information About Sexual and Gender Minority Services and Policies on US Hospital Websites

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.18345?guestAccessKey=18c5209b-c5f2-44f6-a5fa-ee85e97f9de1&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101424

 

About The Study: Most U.S. hospital websites explicitly included sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in their nondiscrimination policies, but only a quarter of adult hospitals had an SGM-friendly clinician directory and provided information about SGM-related resources or hospital-based services. Pediatric hospitals more frequently posted SGM-related information than adult hospitals. Hospitals in states with more discriminatory policies were less likely to provide SGM-related information online.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Alex S. Keuroghlian, MD, MPH, email akeuroghlian@mgb.org.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18345)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Electronic Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Diseases

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. ET, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.21060?guestAccessKey=7925f7dc-e83b-43e8-ae76-bbe1e392949e&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101124

 

About The Study: In a nationwide randomized clinical implementation trial, electronically delivered letter-based nudges markedly increased influenza vaccination compared with usual care among young and middle-aged patients with chronic diseases. The results of this study suggest that simple, scalable, and cost-efficient electronic letter strategies may have substantial public health implications.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tor Biering-Sorensen, MD, MSc, MPH, PhD, email tor.biering@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21060)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Physician Altruism and Spending, Hospital Admissions, and Emergency Department Visits

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3383?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101124

About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Natural Language Processing–Assessed Unmet Medical and Social Needs in Cancer Crowdfunding Stories

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.4412?guestAccessKey=d3ee1b75-af19-4aab-b0c3-70e1207647fd&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101024

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Retinal Imaging Among Patients With Diabetes

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.4120?guestAccessKey=6c64f6e2-bbb4-4a3b-9129-5ce613403256&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101024

Payments by Drug and Medical Device Manufacturers to US Peer Reviewers of Major Medical Journals

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.17681?guestAccessKey=4bbabdcb-70df-4352-883e-026fc020919b&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=101024

 

About The Study: More than half of the 1,962 U.S. physicians included in this study who peer reviewed for the most influential medical journals received industry payments in 2020-2022, with most payments for research. Research payments, especially those provided to an institution, may have different implications than general payments for conflicts of interest.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Christopher J. D. Wallis, MD, PhD, email wallis.cjd@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17681)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake Among US Women Ages 20 to 44

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38460?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=101024

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study of pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age found that vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intake decreased over the past 2 decades, which may have substantial maternal and fetal health implications. By identifying these nutrient gaps and trends in inadequate intake in this at-risk population, scientific, health care, and regulatory communities may be better poised to adopt recommendations to improve nutrient intake. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Derek Miketinas, PhD, RD, email dmiketinas@twu.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38460)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7:45 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine LIVES 2024 Annual Congress.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20424?guestAccessKey=5a01802a-53cf-4361-a113-0ad39b10fe93&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100924

 

About The Study: Patients with acute brain injury and anemia randomized to a liberal transfusion strategy were less likely to have an unfavorable neurological outcome than those randomized to a restrictive strategy.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Fabio Silvio Taccone, MD, PhD, email fabio.taccone@ulb.be.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20424)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Effect of Tele-ICU on Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7:45 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine LIVES 2024 Annual Congress.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20651?guestAccessKey=623ab620-696c-473c-8107-f132f5261593&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100924

 

About The Study: Daily multidisciplinary rounds conducted by a board-certified intensivist through telemedicine did not reduce intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay in critically ill adult patients.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Adriano J. Pereira, M.D., Ph.D., email adrianojop@einstein.br.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20651)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7:45 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine LIVES 2024 Annual Congress.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20630?guestAccessKey=50555113-5c5e-42a9-88f8-481649673fa2&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100924

 

About The Study: The use of a nonselective extracorporeal blood purification device connected to the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in a nonemergent population of patients undergoing cardiac surgery was associated with a significant reduction of cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury in the first 7 days after surgery.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Xose L. Perez-Fernandez, PhD, MD, email xose74@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20630)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7:45 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine LIVES 2024 Annual Congress.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20631?guestAccessKey=5fe24794-e804-43c8-b63b-f17d31d0b6f2&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100924

 

About The Study: Among critically ill adults who received invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, screening frequency (once-daily vs more frequent screening) and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) technique (pressure-supported vs T-piece SBT) did not change the time to successful extubation. However, an unexpected and statistically significant interaction was identified; protocolized more frequent screening combined with pressure-supported SBTs increased the time to first successful extubation.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Karen E. A. Burns, MD, MSc, email karen.burns@unityhealth.to.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20631)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Autistic Transgender or Gender-Nonconforming US College Students

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38345?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100924

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study addresses the dearth of information on how intersectionality in gender and autism status impacts the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and the results confirm the elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among transgender or gender nonconforming and autistic populations. Interventions are needed to support college students with these identities. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Annabelle M. Mournet, MS, email amm883@psych.rutgers.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38345)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Incidence of Hospitalizations Involving Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38128?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100824

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: In this cohort study of a large primary care population served by an integrated health system, alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) hospitalizations were common, especially in male patients, younger age groups, and individuals with high-risk alcohol use. During hospitalizations, the burden of AWS was similar to or exceeded complications of other chronic diseases that receive greater medical attention.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Tessa L. Steel, M.D., M.P.H., email tessita@uw.edu.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38128)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Aerobic Physical Activity and Depression Among Patients With Cancer

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37964?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100824

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, aerobic physical activity was associated with modest short-term and long-term reductions of depression among adults with cancer. Future studies should discern the effectiveness of aerobic physical activity in combination with other strategies for managing depression across various populations of patients with cancer.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Sapna Oberoi, M.D., M.Sc., email soberoi@cancercare.mb.ca.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37964)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Cannabis Use During Adolescence and Young Adulthood and Academic Achievement

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3674?guestAccessKey=0c7d0da2-0c7f-4795-84e5-bc5b281236cd&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100724

Portal Confidentiality Concerns and Health Information Sharing and Access

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3688?guestAccessKey=428d85dd-8154-4b51-a078-bda929906e3a&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100724

Arm Position and Blood Pressure Readings

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.  

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.5213?guestAccessKey=f167dda3-8cad-4f34-99ca-79865446c64f&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100724

 

About The Study: This crossover randomized clinical trial showed that commonly used arm positions (lap or side) resulted in substantial overestimation of blood pressure readings and may lead to misdiagnosis and overestimation of hypertension. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tammy M. Brady, MD, PhD, email tbrady8@jh.edu

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.5213)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Longitudinal Changes in Epigenetic Age Acceleration Across Childhood and Adolescence

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3669?guestAccessKey=a03eae00-88cb-43b0-9ec3-6e81a7684cb4&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100724

 

About The Study: The transition from childhood to adolescence may represent a sensitive developmental period when racism can have long-term deleterious impacts on healthy human development across the life span. Future research should build on the present study and interrogate which social regularities and policies may be perpetuating discrimination against ethnically and racially minoritized adolescents.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Juan Del Toro, PhD, email jdeltoro@umn.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3669)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Decline of Mpox Antibody Responses After Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic Vaccination

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:30 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.20951?guestAccessKey=bb14d353-976b-4703-883f-1d2cdabf8ec1&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100324

 

About The Study: The modified vaccinia Ankara–Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination generated mpox antibodies that waned by 6 to 12 months. In participants who received 2 doses of MVA-BN vaccine, mpox antibody responses at 12 months were comparable to or lower than peak antibody responses in people receiving 1 dose, which provided limited protection.

 

Quote from corresponding author Dan H. Barouch, MD, PhD:

“In this observational study, we show that mpox antibody responses decline 6-12 months following Jynneos (MVA-BN) vaccination. Our data suggest that protective immunity may be waning in individuals who were vaccinated with this vaccine in 2022.”

 

Contact information for Dan H. Barouch, MD, PhD: email dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20951)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Social Risk Factor Domains and Preventive Care Services in US Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37492?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100424

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study of U.S. adults suggests that social risk factor domains were associated with decreased odds of receiving preventive services; this association was cumulative. There is a need to address social risk factors to optimize receipt of recommended preventive services. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Leonard E. Egede, MD, MS, email legede@buffalo.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37492)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Online Medication Abortion Direct-to-Patient Fulfillment Before and After the Dobbs v Jackson Decision

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.34675?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100424

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that online pharmacies play an increasingly critical role in direct-to-patient medication abortion provision, especially with virtual-only platforms. These findings suggest that barriers to accessing online pharmacies for abortion care should be removed. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Caila Brander, MSc, email cbrander@ibisreproductivehealth.org.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.34675)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Prostate Cancer Among Transgender Women

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.4335?guestAccessKey=abbf4c81-1a10-4c50-b4f6-7730324d486f&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100324

Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36144?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100324

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: Decades following treatment, one-third of childhood cancer survivors in this study reported elevated fear their cancer will recur or a subsequent malignant neoplasm will develop. Findings suggest that fear of cancer recurrence should be routinely screened, and clinically significant symptoms intervened upon as a part of survivorship care. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Nicole M. Alberts, PhD, email nicole.alberts@concordia.ca.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36144)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

AI Algorithm for Subclinical Breast Cancer Detection

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37402?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100324

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this retrospective cohort study of women undergoing screening mammography, mean absolute artificial intelligence (AI) scores were higher for breasts developing vs not developing cancer 4 to 6 years before their eventual detection. These findings suggest that commercial AI algorithms developed for breast cancer detection may identify women at high risk of a future breast cancer, offering a pathway for personalized screening approaches that can lead to earlier cancer diagnosis. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Solveig Hofvind, PhD, email sshh@kreftregisteret.no.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37402)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Bright Light Therapy for Non-Seasonal Depressive Disorders

JAMA Psychiatry

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2871?guestAccessKey=0edae100-1cdb-476a-9964-2f7483e7d3c5&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=100224

 

About The Study: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that bright light therapy was an effective adjunctive treatment for non-seasonal depressive disorders. Additionally, results suggest that bright light therapy may improve the response time to the initial treatment. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Artur Menegaz de Almeida, MS, email arturomenegaz@gmail.com.

 

(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2871)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Mental Disorders and Suicidality in Transgender and Gender-Diverse People

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36883?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100224

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This study found a higher prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal behavior in transgender and gender diverse people compared with the cisgender population. This finding aligns with other studies, which have found significantly higher rates of mental health–related health service use among transgender people compared with the general population.  

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ian Colman, PhD, email icolman@uottawa.ca.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36883)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Trajectory of Cognitive Decline Before and After Stroke

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37133?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100224

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: In this cohort study using pooled data from 14 cohorts, incident stroke was associated with acute and accelerated long-term cognitive decline in older stroke survivors. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jessica W. Lo, MSc, email jessica.lo@unsw.edu.au.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.37133)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Individual-Level Exposure to Residential Redlining in 1940 and Mortality Risk

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.4998?guestAccessKey=e21c8822-6f57-4ba9-822d-316614402f5f&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=093024

Food Retention at Endoscopy With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36783?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100124

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study found an association between use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and risks of retained gastric contents and inadequate bowel preparation during single endoscopic procedures.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Ruchi Mathur, MD, email ruchi.mathur@cshs.org.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36783)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Depression and Anxiety Among US Children and Young Adults

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36906?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=100124

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.

 

About The Study: This cohort study, using electronic medical record data from a large integrated health care system, found an increase in clinically diagnosed depression from 2017 to 2021, with a higher increase during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher rates in some subgroups. Equally important, this study identified high rates and an increase in clinical diagnosis of anxiety without a depression diagnosis. These results support the increased need in public health and health care effort to combat the mental health crisis in youths.

Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Anny H. Xiang, Ph.D., email anny.h.xiang@kp.org.

 

(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36906)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Pooled Analysis of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Among Children From 33 Countries

JAMA Pediatrics

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3330?guestAccessKey=bed8337b-2b70-4ea7-8e95-affbbeb66a19&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=093024

 

About The Study: Most 3- and 4-year-old children in this pooled analysis did not meet the current World Health Organization guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Priority must be given to understanding factors that influence these behaviors in this age group and to implementing contextually appropriate programs and policies proven to be effective in promoting healthy levels of movement behaviors.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kar Hau Chong, PhD, email khchong@uow.edu.au.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3330)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=093024

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This study highlights that progress in reducing excess mortality rates among Black individuals was made primarily in reducing deaths from cancer and cardiovascular diseases among males and from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes among females. However, this progress was stalled or reversed by an increase in mortality from external causes, such as assaults and accidents, as well as a stagnation in advancements against cardiovascular diseases during periods without decrease.

 Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM, email harlan.krumholz@yale.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Estimated Long-Term Benefits of Finerenone in Heart Failure

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 6 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Heart Failure Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.3782?guestAccessKey=01d86985-5893-4796-8f83-807d6b7a02db&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=092724

 

About The Study: In this prespecified secondary analysis of the FINEARTS-HF randomized clinical trial, long-term treatment with the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone was estimated to extend event-free survival by up to 3 years among people with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Scott D. Solomon, M.D., email ssolomon@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.3782)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Cardiac Myosin Inhibition in Heart Failure With Normal and Supranormal Ejection Fraction

JAMA Cardiology

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:30 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Heart Failure Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.3810?guestAccessKey=90c1d87e-0a72-447a-b6a6-e9cdb9d39cbb&utm_source=for_the_media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=093024

 

About The Study: In an open-label trial in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with left ventricular ejection fraction of 60% or greater, mavacamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor, was associated with improvements in biomarkers of cardiac wall stress and injury, with no sustained reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction observed. 

Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Sanjiv J. Shah, MD, (sanjiv.shah@northwestern.edu) and Scott D. Solomon, MD, (ssolomon@bwh.harvard.edu).

 

(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.3810)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Redlining and Time to Viral Suppression Among Persons With HIV

JAMA Internal Medicine

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study, commentary and related article are linked to this news release.  

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.5003?guestAccessKey=af8ef8f8-353c-4041-8c01-1191e0016ddf&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=093024

 

About The Study: The findings of this study suggest the enduring effects of systemic racism on present-day health outcomes among persons with HIV. Regardless of their neighborhood’s contemporary level of gentrification, individuals diagnosed with HIV while living in historically redlined neighborhoods may experience a significantly longer time to viral suppression. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, John R. Bassler, MS, email jbassle1@uab.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.5003)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Inequities in Self-Reported Social Risk Factors by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3176?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=092724

About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Voter Support for Policies Associated With Child Health as National Campaign Priorities

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3305?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=092724

About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Postmenopausal Women

JAMA Health Forum

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2024

Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3128?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=092724

About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.

 

About The Study: The results of this cross-sectional study show that over the past 2 decades, menopausal hormone therapy use declined among U.S. postmenopausal women of all age and racial and ethnic groups. Women of racial and ethnic minority groups had lower prevalence of menopausal hormone therapy use compared to non-Hispanic white women. 

Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Lin Yang, PhD, (lin.yang@ahs.ca) and Adetunji T. Toriola, MD, PhD, MPH, (a.toriola@wustl.edu).

 

(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3128)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Trends in Female Physicians Entering High-Compensation Specialties

JAMA

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2024.17516?guestAccessKey=82ebefa9-095e-4e96-956c-e36e9ee3aebf&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=093024

 

About The Study: This study found that female physicians were underrepresented among residents entering high-compensation specialties compared with non–high-compensation specialties. However, while high-compensation surgical specialties experienced a steady increase in the proportion of female applicants and matriculants over time, high-compensation nonsurgical specialties experienced an overall decrease in the proportion of female applicants and no significant changes in the proportion of female matriculants.

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Karina Pereira-Lima, PhD, MSc, email pereiral@med.umich.edu.

 

(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.17516)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.

Rates of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Before and During the Pandemic

JAMA Network Open

EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2024

Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release.

Embed this link to provide your readers free access to the full-text article This link will be live at the embargo time https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35722?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=092624

About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication. 

 

About The Study: This cross-sectional study found increased rates of both sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant shift in epidemiology from the pre-pandemic period noted in June to December 2021. These findings support the hypothesis that off-season resurgences in endemic infectious pathogens may be associated with SUID rates, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) rates in the U.S. closely approximating this shift. Further investigation into the role of infection in SUID and SIDS is needed. 

Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Emma G. Guare, BA, email egguare@gmail.com.

 

(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35722)

Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.

#  #  #

For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or email media relations.