About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, engaging in 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per week was associated with modest reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and body fat measures among adults with overweight or obesity. However, aerobic training exceeding 150 minutes per week at moderate intensity or greater may be needed to achieve clinically important reductions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ahmad Jayedi, PhD, email a.jayedi@imperial.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this longitudinal cohort study, medical cannabis laws were associated with increased cannabis use disorder and cannabis poisoning diagnoses, and recreational cannabis laws were associated with increased cannabis poisoning in adults ages 18 to 64 with employer-sponsored health insurance. Communities with increased access to cannabis may experience increased health care use and costs due to increases in cannabis poisoning and cannabis use disorder, and new clinical and policy interventions are needed to curb these rising diagnoses.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jayani Jayawardhana, PhD, email jayani.jayawardhana@uky.edu.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4145)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, U.S. youths ages 0 to 19 years experienced important disparities in firearm and motor vehicle crash fatality rates and increases over time when considering the intersectionality by age group, sex, race, and ethnicity. These findings suggest that a multipronged strategy focused on individual, community, and policy level approaches for specific high-risk groups for each injury mechanism is necessary to address these leading causes of death in U.S. youths.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this study, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia were associated with an increased risk of new-onset migraine, headache, epilepsy, sleep disorder, or mental fatigue within months to years after giving birth. Guidelines recommend follow-up after delivery for women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia for their increased risk of cardiovascular disease. At these visits, caregivers should also pay attention to persisting or new-onset of neurological symptoms, since this group of women appears to be vulnerable to developing or experiencing neurological disorders.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Therese Friis, MD, email therese.friis@uu.se.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4426)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Between 2020 and 2023, buprenorphine dispensing increased among adolescents but decreased among young adults. The increases likely reflect successful outreach to pediatricians, enhanced prescribing through telehealth, and elimination of waiver requirements; these changes might differentially affect young adults, who might be less likely to access health care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andrew Terranella, MD, MPH, email aqt1@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24121)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this cross-sectional study underscore significant disparities and gaps in biennial mammography screening for women ages 40 to 49. Two-fifths of women in this age group did not receive biennial screening. Lower biennial screening rates were observed among racial and ethnic minority populations, sexual minority populations, rural residents, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. To optimize early breast cancer detection, ensuring equitable adherence to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations is crucial.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Minghui Li, PhD, email mli54@uthsc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51827)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: This study found that early adoption and implementation of Tobacco 21 (T21) policies (minimum age of 21 for legal access to tobacco products) maximizes potential premature mortality reductions. However, the strength of T21 policies and enforcement varies widely across states. Enforcement of the federal T21 law is critical in the 8 states without state-level T21 cigarette policies of their own.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jamie Tam, PhD, email jamie.tam@yale.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.4445)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Cold-related mortality rates more than doubled in the U.S. between 1999 and 2022. Prior research suggests that cold temperatures account for most temperature-related mortality. This study identified an increase in such deaths over the past 6 years. The underlying drivers of this trend warrant further research and may include more frequent extreme winter weather events and/or the rising burden of risk factors for cold-related mortality such as homelessness, social isolation, and substance use.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rishi K. Wadhera, MD, MPP, MPhil, email rwadhera@bidmc.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25194)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this prospective cohort study, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth among women with gestational diabetes. Concentrated physical activity was associated with similar benefits in reducing preterm birth risk as regular physical activity. These findings provide key evidence for the health benefits of MVPA during pregnancy and lay the foundation for establishing physical activity guidelines for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ju-Sheng Zheng, PhD, email zhengjusheng@westlake.edu.cn.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51799)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, there were no differences in mortality rates between Black and white newborns, but Black newborns had higher rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis. Continued quality improvement and addressing social determinants of health are critical for promoting health equity in hospital outcomes and beyond.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Nansi S. Boghossian, PhD, email nboghoss@mailbox.sc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51707)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this randomized clinical trial that compared a brief outpatient rehabilitation program with a cognitive and behavioral approach with usual care in 314 patients with post–COVID-19 condition, self-reported physical function improved statistically and clinically significantly in the intervention group after 2 to 8 outpatient encounters. The effect was sustained over time and adverse effects were negligible. This trial adds to the evidence supporting such interventions in routine clinical care. Future research should investigate which elements of this approach are the most effective and identify subgroups for which the current treatment is most relevant.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Tom Farmen Nerli, MD, email tomfar@siv.no.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50744)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study found that Black children and adolescents were suspected to have experienced child abuse at higher rates than children and adolescents of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. More research is necessary to understand the origins of these disparities to reduce them in child abuse identification.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Norah E. Liang, MD, email nliang@stanford.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51588)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this cohort of 1,500 children, across demographic subgroups, the trajectory of cardiovascular health (CVH) scores began to decline at approximately age 10, associated with health behaviors rather than health factors. Statistically significant (albeit small) differences in CVH trajectory parameters by sociodemographic characteristics were also identified. This study provides insight into the trajectory of CVH early in life, which may contribute to CVH disparities in adulthood, and identified modifiable health behaviors for focused prevention efforts to optimize CVH in early life.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of Dutch children, early-life moderate to vigorous physical activity was not associated with executive function in middle childhood. Children participating in team sports at ages 10 to 11 consistently exhibited superior executive function compared with participants in individual sports.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lu Yang, MSc, email l.yang@umcg.nl.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49879)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Compared with 2000-2022, the number of union petitions with physicians in the bargaining units filed and certified increased in 2023 through May 2024. Organizing efforts were motivated by concerns about working conditions, physicians’ autonomy, and voice in management, and the quality of patient care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kevin Schulman, MD, email kevin.schulman@stanford.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23721)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The 2024 long COVID research index for adults builds on the 2023 index with additional data and symptoms to help researchers classify symptomatic long COVID and its symptom subtypes. Continued future refinement of the index will be needed as the understanding of long COVID evolves.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Leora I. Horwitz, MD, MHS, email leora.horwitz@nyulangone.org.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24184)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Article: In this Viewpoint, authors from the World Health Organization discuss factors associated with the prevalence of obesity worldwide and whether the novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can help unlock a health systems response to the obesity pandemic.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Francesca Celletti, MD, PhD, email cellettif@who.int.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25872)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation would be safe and effective in treating chronic insomnia. Future multicenter clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to validate its effectiveness across diverse populations.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Yu Wang, MD, PhD, (wy8166@126.com) and Peijing Rong, MD, PhD, (drrongpj@163.com).
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51217)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this randomized clinical trial show that cannabidiol (CBD) can be used safely in women with advanced breast cancer and clinical anxiety. Although the study did not meet its primary end point comparing pre-ingestion vs post-ingestion anxiety change scores between study arms, anxiety levels in the CBD arm were significantly lower 2 to 4 hours after ingestion, suggesting a possible anxiolytic effect and warranting further investigation.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ilana M. Braun, MD, email ilana_braun@dfci.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50391)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 observational studies involving 96,000 adults, higher daily step counts were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the general adult population. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the potential protective role of daily steps in mitigating the risk of depression during adulthood.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Estela Jimenez-Lopez, PhD, MPH, email estela.jimenezlopez@uclm.es.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51208)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In 2023, among 29,522 respondents to the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative household survey, 8.4% of adults in the U.S. reported they ever had post–COVID-19 condition (PCC; also known as long COVID), 3.6% currently had PCC, and 2.3% currently had activity-limiting PCC. Significant differences across all 3 outcomes were observed by sex, sexual orientation, age, race and Hispanic origin, family income, and urbanization.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Anjel Vahratian, PhD, MPH, email avahratian@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51151)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that body mass index and obesity prevalence in the U.S. decreased in 2023 for the first time in more than a decade. The most notable decrease was in the South, which had the highest observed per capita glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) dispensing rate. However, dispensing does not necessarily mean uptake, and the South also experienced disproportionately high COVID-19 mortality among individuals with obesity.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Among patients with early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer, the addition of camrelizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this prespecified secondary analysis of the Comparing an Operation to Monitoring, With or Without Endocrine Therapy (COMET) prospective randomized trial, the overall lived experience of women randomized to undergo active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ was similar to that of women randomized to guideline-concordant care during the 2 years following diagnosis.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ann H. Partridge, MD, MPH, email ann_partridge@dfci.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.6556)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 8:15 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
About The Study: Women with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ randomized to active monitoring did not have a higher rate of invasive cancer in the same breast at 2 years compared with those randomized to guideline-concordant care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, E. Shelley Hwang, MD, MPH, email shelley.hwang@duke.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26698)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest that the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) provided protection against COVID-19–associated hospitalization and emergency department or urgent care visits among children 5 to 17 years of age during the 2023-2024 season with estimated vaccine effectiveness point estimates ranging from 63% to 73%.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sara Y. Tartof, PhD, MPH, email Sara.Y.Tartof@kp.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49944)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: From 2008-2020, teachers reported an increase in emotional/mental health and suicide prevention in schools, along with related teacher training. However, they reported a decrease in substance use prevention, particularly among middle schools, and no change in teacher training. Substance use during early adolescence is associated with risk for long-term addiction, and middle schools may be underused for prevention.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study identifies growing healthspan (years lived in good health)-lifespan gaps around the globe, threatening healthy longevity across worldwide populations. Women globally exhibited a larger healthspan-lifespan gap than men.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andre Terzic, MD, PhD, email terzic.andre@mayo.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.50241)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:30 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
About The Study: Among hospitalized ward patients, electronic sepsis screening compared with no screening resulted in significantly lower in-hospital 90-day mortality.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yaseen M. Arabi, MD, email arabi@ngha.med.sa.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25982)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7 P.M. ET, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorials are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the Critical Care Reviews Down Under meeting.
About The Study: Compared with noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal oxygen met prespecified criteria for noninferiority for the primary outcome of endotracheal intubation or death within 7 days in 4 of the 5 patient groups with acute respiratory failure. However, the small sample sizes in some patient groups and the sensitivity of the findings to the choice of analysis model suggests the need for further study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunocompromised patients, and patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, MD, PhD, email abiasi@hcor.com.br.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.26244)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In hospitalized adults, daily procalcitonin -guided protocol reduced antibiotic duration safely compared with standard care, but daily C-reactive protein -guided protocol does not. All-cause mortality for C-reactive protein was inconclusive.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 7 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Annual Meeting.
About The Study: This randomized controlled trial secondary analysis examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin compared with escitalopram for major depressive disorder.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ethan Dutcher, MD, PhD, email ethan.dutcher@ucsf.edu.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4387)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In adult trauma patients, an early restrictive oxygen strategy compared with a liberal oxygen strategy initiated in the prehospital setting or on trauma center admission for 8 hours did not significantly reduce death and/or major respiratory complications within 30 days.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jacob Steinmetz, MD, PhD, email jacob.steinmetz@regionh.dk.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.25786)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of children’s sleep disparities, racially and ethnically minoritized children exhibited disparities in mean levels and variability of sleep compared with their white peers. These findings suggest that policies and practices should target multiple sleep dimensions among diverse racial and ethnic groups to promote equitable pediatric sleep health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Yijie Wang, PhD, email yjwang@msu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49861)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This study highlights the detrimental association of not attaining a high school degree, combined with high allostatic load as a marker of chronic stress, with cancer mortality. Efforts to promote educational attainment and address the underlying social determinants of health are imperative in reducing cancer disparities in this population.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Justin X. Moore, PhD, MPH, email jx.moore@uky.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49855)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this cohort study suggest that early-life surgical removal of tonsils or adenoids is associated with a higher future risk of stress-related disorders and highlight a need to understand the role of adenotonsillar diseases or associated health conditions in the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Zhe Zhang, MD, PhD, email zhangzhe@gxmu.edu.cn.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49807)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cohort study found no evidence that high dementia risk among former professional soccer players was associated with potentially modifiable general health and lifestyle dementia risk factors. These data support continuation of measures directed toward reducing exposure to repetitive head impacts and traumatic brain injury in sport.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, William Stewart, MBChB, PhD, email william.stewart@glasgow.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49742)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This analysis documented the continued high burden of medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated acute respiratory illness among young children in the U.S. Nirsevimab and maternal RSV vaccine uptake was low, but nirsevimab was effective against RSV-associated hospitalization. There is a potential for substantial public health impact with increased and equitable prevention product coverage in future seasons.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Heidi L. Moline, MD, MPH, email ick6@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5572)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of 52,000 participants representing 264 million U.S. adults, population-level improvements in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decelerated and adverse trends in glucose levels accelerated in more recent birth cohorts, which was partially mediated by concurrent increases in body mass index. Public health initiatives that target antecedent health behaviors are needed to improve cardiometabolic health across generations.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Xiaoning Huang, PhD, email jack.huang@northwestern.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49481)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: This study found that adults ages 50 to 80 commonly reported loneliness and social isolation. While the pandemic disrupted social connections, rates of loneliness and isolation were substantial both before and after the early pandemic. High rates of loneliness and social isolation occurred in several sociodemographic groups, especially those with self-reported fair or poor physical or mental health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ, email pmalani@umich.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23213)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this cohort study of U.S. children suggest that higher levels of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index greenness and percentages of street-level green space components (flowers, plants, and fields) were associated with lower adiposity. The findings support the exploration of increasing residential green space levels and adding specific green space components as an urban planning and public health intervention strategy to combat the prevalence of childhood obesity in the U.S.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Li Yi, PhD, email li_yi@hsph.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49113)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, projected annual savings from weight loss among U.S. adults with obesity were substantial for both Medicare and employer-based insurance.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kenneth E. Thorpe, PhD, email kthorpe@emory.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49200)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About The Study: In this model-based study using population-level cancer mortality data, an estimated 5.94 million cancer deaths were averted for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers combined from 1975 to 2020. Prevention and screening accounted for 8 of every 10 averted deaths, and the contribution varied by cancer site. Despite progress, efforts to reduce the U.S. cancer burden will require increased dissemination of effective interventions and new technologies and discoveries.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Katrina A. B. Goddard, PhD, email katrina.goddard@nih.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5381)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Between 2010 and 2022—a time of tremendous attention to maternal health—there was a net loss of hospital-based obstetric care in both rural and urban hospitals across the U.S. In 2010, more than half of rural hospitals and two-thirds of urban hospitals offered obstetric care. Rural hospitals started with lower percentages of hospitals offering obstetrics compared with urban hospitals and experienced a larger increase in the percentage of hospitals without obstetrics.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Katy B. Kozhimannil, PhD, MPA, email Brad Robideau at brobidea@umn.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.23010)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study suggest regulatory monitor data may not adequately capture air quality exposures for some marginalized race and ethnicity groups, and the consequences of incomplete or uncertain air quality estimates for these communities should be further investigated.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Brenna C. Kelly, MS, email brenna.kelly@utah.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49005)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This study found that psychotherapy use increased significantly faster among several socioeconomically advantaged groups and that inequalities were evident in teletherapy access. These trends and patterns highlight a need for clinical interventions and health care policies to broaden access to psychotherapy including teletherapy.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Mark Olfson, MD, MPH, email mo49@cumc.columbia.edu.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3903)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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