About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of 1,600 emergency medicine patient medical records, large language model (LLM)-generated emergency medicine-to-inpatient handoff notes were determined superior compared with physician-written summaries via conventional automated evaluation methods, but marginally inferior in usefulness and safety via a novel evaluation framework. This study suggests the importance of a physician-in-loop implementation design for this model and demonstrates an effective strategy to measure pre-implementation patient safety of LLM models.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Vince Hartman, MS, email vince@abstractivehealth.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48723)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest the NOTCH3-associated small vessel disease (NOTCH3-SVD) staging system will help to better harmonize NOTCH3-SVD and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) cohort studies and registries; may improve individualized disease counseling, monitoring, and clinical management; and may facilitate patient stratification in clinical trials.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Gido Gravesteijn, MD, PhD (g.gravesteijn@lumc.nl) and Saskia A. J. Lesnik Oberstein, MD, PhD (lesnik@lumc.nl).
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4487)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Article: This narrative review from the International Antiviral Society–USA provides updated 2024 recommendations for HIV treatment and clinical management and HIV prevention. New approaches for treating and preventing HIV offer additional tools to help end the HIV epidemic, but achieving this goal depends on addressing disparities and inequities in access to care.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD email RGANDHI@mgh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24543)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest the need for greater scrutiny of crisis pregnancy center practices, particularly their service provision, provider qualifications, and how these conform with regulations or best practices. A key concern is their promotion of abortion pill reversal, which lacks FDA approval or scientific support and may cause harm.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, John W. Ayers, PhD, MA, email ayers.john.w@gmail.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6440)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this retrospective medical record review study, rules-based e-triggers were useful for post hoc detection of missed opportunities in diagnosis in emergency department visits. Interventions to target emergency department work system factors are urgently needed to support patient-clinician encounters and minimize harm from diagnostic errors.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hardeep Singh, MD, MPH, email hardeeps@bcm.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6214)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: The results of this study showed an association between high ultraprocessed food intake and active psoriasis status. After adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, and comorbidities, the results remained significant, suggesting that ultraprocessed food intake has a proinflammatory action separate from high BMI.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Emilie Sbidian, MD, PhD, email emilie.sbidian@aphp.fr.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.4832)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this study indicate that preferential promotion of white men within academic medicine continues to persist in the new millennium, with racially and ethnically diverse women experiencing greater underpromotion. To achieve a workforce that reflects the diversity of the U.S. population, this study suggests that academic medicine needs to transform its culture and practices surrounding faculty appointments and promotions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lauren Clark, MS, email lclark5@kumc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46018)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this study, stopping universal masking and SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections relative to community infections. Restarting the masking of health care workers was associated with a significant decrease.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Theodore R. Pak, MD, PhD, email tpak@mgh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48063)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This cohort study among individuals participating in a weight loss program found that nearly half of those consuming alcohol at baseline decreased their alcohol use after anti-obesity medication initiation. There may be properties of anti-obesity medications that lead to reduced use. For example, naltrexone decreases cravings for alcohol and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may attenuate the rewarding effects of alcohol, similar to food.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Lisa R. Miller-Matero, PhD, email lmatero1@hfhs.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.47644)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This study found a steep decline in cervical cancer mortality among U.S. women younger than 25 years between 2016 and 2021. This cohort of women is the first to be widely protected against cervical cancer by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. The findings from this study in the context of other published research suggest that HPV vaccination affected the sequential decline in HPV infection prevalence, cervical cancer incidence, and cervical cancer mortality.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ashish A. Deshmukh, PhD, MPH, email deshmukha@musc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22169)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: The findings of this study suggest that women who experience severe maternal morbidity in their first birth are less likely to have a subsequent birth. Adequate reproductive counseling and enhancing antenatal care are crucial for women with a history of severe maternal morbidity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Eleni Tsamantioti, MD, MMedSc, email eleni.tsamantioti@ki.se.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20957)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this cohort study, after adjusting for measured confounders, long-term exposure to wildfire and non-wildfire fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over a 3-year period was associated with dementia diagnoses. As the climate changes, interventions focused on reducing wildfire PM2.5 exposure may reduce dementia diagnoses and related inequities.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Joan A. Casey, PhD, email jacasey@uw.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.4058)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: No unexpected reactions were identified in this analysis of reactions to COVID-19 vaccines among children. Similar to this study, data from clinical trials and V-safe found that irritability was the most common systemic reaction among children ages 6 months to younger than 2 years, followed by fever and fatigue or sleepiness. In contrast to other studies observing a higher prevalence of reactions after the second COVID-19 vaccine dose, this study observed a higher prevalence after the first dose. This difference may reflect maternal vaccination; the first COVID-19 vaccination in this cohort may be some children’s second immunological encounter with a COVID-19 vaccine.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Andrea J. Sharma, PhD, MPH, email aec4@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.47492)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This study estimates that approximately one-third of U.S. adults without diabetes who were eligible for weight loss treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GLP-1/GIP) were excluded from clinical trials supporting these medications’ safety and effectiveness. Until there is evidence from high-quality postmarketing studies, the FDA should consider updating labeling to advise caution on generalizing the safety and effectiveness of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP to populations excluded from pivotal trials.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Timothy S. Anderson, MD, MAS, email tsander@pitt.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.6340)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This serial cross-sectional study observed a significant decrease in positive reviews for health care facilities post-COVID. These findings underscore a disparity in patient experience, particularly in rural areas and areas with the highest proportions of Black and white residents.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Neil K. R. Sehgal, ME, email neilsehgal99@gmail.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46890)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, racial and ethnic disparities in early-onset (before 50 years of age) colorectal cancer mortality were evident, with the highest burden among Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic Black individuals. These results provide evidence of the role of social determinants of health in explaining these differences.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Maria Elena Martinez, PhD, email e8martinez@health.ucsd.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46820)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this pooled analysis of cohort studies, the association between physical activity and mortality risk remained consistent across the adult lifespan, which contrasts with other modifiable health factors, for which associations with mortality risk diminished with age. Given these findings, the promotion of regular physical activity is essential at all stages of adult life.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, David Martinez-Gomez, PhD, email d.martinez@uam.es.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46802)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, a prenatal diet that aligned with the U.S. Dietary Guidelines was associated with reduced patterns of rapid and slow infant growth, known risk factors associated with obesity. Future research should examine whether interventions to improve prenatal diet are also beneficial in improving growth trajectory in children.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Monique M. Hedderson, PhD, email Monique.m.Hedderson@kp.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.45771)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Article: This editorial places results of the Greenlight Plus trial, recently published by JAMA, in context, including technological interventions and policies to help prevent childhood obesity.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kevin G. Volpp, MD, PhD, email volpp70@wharton.upenn.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24026)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The findings of this population-based matched cohort study suggest that individuals born preterm were at an increased risk of death from birth until their third and fourth decades of life, with higher risks as gestational age decreased. Some of these associations may have been partly due to underlying health determinants that affected preterm birth and mortality. These findings suggest that preterm birth should be recognized as a risk factor for mortality and could inform preventive strategies.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Asma M. Ahmed, PhD, MD, MPH, email asahmed@wakehealth.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.45871)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study, postpartum depression (PPD) diagnosis increased significantly across all racial and ethnic groups and body mass index (BMI) categories over the past decade. While rising PPD may reflect improved screening and diagnosis practices, the persistently high rates highlight the need to develop and implement interventions to prevent the condition while expanding efforts to mitigate the impact of PPD on maternal and child health.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Darios Getahun, MD, PhD, MPH, email darios.t.getahun@kp.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46486)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:15 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: This randomized clinical trial found that partial cardiac denervation was an effective procedure to reduce the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without additional postoperative complications. These results suggest that partial cardiac denervation may be a good option for cardiac surgeons to consider for preventing POAF after CABG.
Corresponding Authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Wei Feng, MD, PhD (fengwei@fuwai.com) and Wei Zhao, MD, PhD (zhaowei_fw@163.com).
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4639)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:20 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: In the Finerenone Trial to Investigate Efficacy and Safety Superior to Placebo in Patients with Heart Failure (FINEARTS-HF), finerenone reduced the risk of the primary end point similarly in women and men with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, had similar tolerability in women and men.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, John J. V. McMurray, MD, email john.mcmurray@glasgow.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4613)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9:30 A.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and commentary are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: In patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, resulted in more frequent hyperkalemia and less frequent hypokalemia. However, with protocol-directed surveillance and dose adjustment, clinical benefit associated with finerenone relative to placebo was maintained even in those whose potassium level increased to greater than 5.5 mmol/L.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Scott D. Solomon, MD, email ssolomon@rics.bwh.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4539)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12:50 P.M. (ET), SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: In this retrospective cohort study, decline in kidney function was frequent in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and was consistently associated with an increased risk of mortality, even after adjusting for established markers of worsening ATTR-CM. eGFR decline represents an independent marker of ATTR-CM disease progression that could guide treatment optimization in clinical practice.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Marianna Fontana, MD, PhD, email m.fontana@ucl.ac.uk.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4578)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of adults with outpatient medically attended-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections from 3 large deidentified U.S. databases across 6 RSV seasons, approximately 1 in 20 adults experienced all-cause hospitalization within 28 days. The results of this study highlight the public health need for RSV prevention and treatment.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH, email swan.joshua@gmail.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46010)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:52 P.M. ET, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: Muvalaplin, an oral small molecule lipoprotein(a) inhibitor, reduced lipoprotein(a) measured using intact lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a)-based assays and was well tolerated. The effect of muvalaplin on cardiovascular events requires further investigation.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD, email stephen.nicholls@monash.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24017)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Amid a rising trend of conservative management for prostate cancer, this study found a significant increase in initial active surveillance and watchful waiting for intermediate–risk prostate cancer between 2010 and 2020. This corresponds with evidence of favorable longer-term outcomes and improvements in staging imaging and risk stratification.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Michael S. Leapman, MD, MHS, email michael.leapman@yale.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.20580)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 10:45 A.M. ET, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: Among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, linear ablation combined with ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall in addition to pulmonary vein isolation significantly improved freedom from atrial arrhythmias within 12 months compared with pulmonary vein isolation alone.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:40 P.M. ET, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: Zerlasiran, a small-interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), was well-tolerated and reduced time-averaged lipoprotein(a) concentration by more than 80% during 36 weeks of treatment in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Steven E. Nissen, MD, email nissens@ccf.org.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21957)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The results of this study suggest a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome by social determinants of health and sex. These findings highlight the need to address inequities in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through targeted interventions.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Jie Guo, PhD, email jie.guo@ki.se.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.45309)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:30 P.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: A total of nearly 137 million adults, representing more than half of all U.S. adults, are eligible for semaglutide therapy. This exceeds the number of adults eligible for statins (approximately 82 million), currently the most prescribed pharmaceuticals among U.S. adults.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Dhruv S. Kazi, MD, MS, email dkazi@bidmc.harvard.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4657)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11:30 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: In this study of discharge prescription of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) among patients hospitalized for heart failure, prescription rates increased substantially within 2 years after publication of clinical trial evidence documenting benefit, although considerable variation in rates was found, highlighting the need to understand strategies used by higher prescribing centers to increase SGLT2i adoption.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Mohammad Abdel Jawad, MD, email abdeljawadmd@gmail.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4489)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 2:30 P.M. ET, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: Coronary heart disease polygenic risk scores that performed similarly at the population level demonstrated highly variable individual-level estimates of risk. Recognizing that coronary heart disease polygenic risk scores may generate incongruent individual-level risk estimates, effective clinical implementation will require refined statistical methods to quantify uncertainty and new strategies to communicate this uncertainty to patients and clinicians.
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 3 P.M. (ET), SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2024
Media advisory: The full study is linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024.
About The Study: In this case series study, pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures of 2 participants with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were measured at zero gravity during parabolic flight to assess the effect of external constraint on left ventricular filling pressures.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Benjamin D. Levine, MD, email benjaminlevine@texashealth.org.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4596)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 12 P.M. (ET), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the AHA’s Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Early Career Investigator Abstract Award Competition.
About The Study: Inferences about clinical impacts based on population-level mean treatment effects may be misleading, since even small between-group differences may reflect clinically important treatment benefits for individual patients. Results of this study suggest that clinical trials should explicitly describe the distributions of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire change at the patient level within treatment groups to support the clinical interpretation of their results.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, John Spertus, MD, MPH, email spertusj@umkc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.4470)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 9 A.M. ET, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2024
Media advisory: The full study and editorial are linked to this news release. This study is being presented at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Annual Meeting.
About The Study: This study found artemisinin partial resistance in Ugandan children with complicated malaria associated with the Pfkelch13 A675V variation and also found suboptimal 28-day efficacy of parenteral artesunate followed by oral artemether/lumefantrine therapy.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Chandy C. John, MD, MS, email chjohn@iu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22343)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This study found significant rate increases for alcohol-induced liver disease-related hospitalizations and liver transplants across sex and age groups between 2005 and 2021. Although older males had the highest absolute increases, the greatest relative increases occurred in younger individuals, particularly females.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Michele Molinari, MD, MSc, email molinarim@upmc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.21503)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: This systematic review and network meta-analysis found that spinal cord stimulation therapies for treatment of chronic pain in back and/or lower extremities were associated with greater improvements in pain compared with conventional medical management. These findings highlight the potential of spinal cord stimulation therapies as an effective and valuable option in chronic pain management.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Konstantinos Soulanis, M.Sc., email konstantinos.soulanis@iqvia.com.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.44608)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of adults hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) before the 2023 introduction of RSV vaccines, RSV was associated with substantial burden of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and in-hospital deaths in adults, with the highest rates occurring in adults 75 years or older. Increasing RSV vaccination of older adults has the potential to reduce associated hospitalizations and severe clinical outcomes.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Fiona P. Havers, MHS, MD, email fhavers@cdc.gov.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.44756)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: Among patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid obesity/type 2 diabetes, the use of semaglutide and liraglutide were associated with a substantially decreased risk of hospitalization due to AUD. This risk was lower than that of officially approved AUD medications. Semaglutide and liraglutide may be effective in the treatment of AUD, and clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm these findings.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Markku Lähteenvuo, MD, PhD, email markku.lahteenvuo@uef.fi.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3599)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: This randomized clinical trial demonstrates that cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief was superior to present-centered therapy after treatment and at follow-up with regard to comorbid symptoms. Both treatments were shown to be effective and acceptable, showing the potential for dissemination and increasing patient choice.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Rita Rosner, PhD, email rita.rosner@ku.de.
(10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3409)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study of 1.2 million individuals ages 20 to 79 in South Korea, the risk of mortality with low income was most prominent among individuals with type 2 diabetes ages 20 to 39. These findings highlight the need for socioeconomic support to reduce income-related health disparities in younger individuals.
Corresponding authors: To contact the corresponding authors, email Sin Gon Kim, MD, PhD (k50367@korea.ac.kr) and Nam Hoon Kim, MD, PhD (pourlife@korea.ac.kr).
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43918)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Article: This Viewpoint discusses the health benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs); summarizes the clinical, policy, and equity implications of GLP-1 RA discontinuation; and calls for the identification and implementation of strategies to improve long-term adherence to GLP-1 RA therapy.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc, email s-khan-1@northwestern.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2024.22284)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: The frequency of discipline for physician-spread misinformation observed in this cross-sectional study was quite low despite increased salience and medical board warnings since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic about the dangers of physicians spreading falsehoods. These findings suggest a serious disconnect between regulatory guidance and enforcement and call into question the suitability of licensure regulation for combatting physician-spread misinformation.
Corresponding author: To contact the corresponding author, Richard S. Saver, J.D., email saver@email.unc.edu.
(doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43893)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cohort study, asthma was associated with memory difficulties in children, which may be more severe if asthma onset is earlier in childhood and may extend to executive function abilities.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Nicholas J. Christopher-Hayes, MA, email nchristopherhayes@ucdavis.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.42803)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About The Study: In this study, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction, were prevalent among children with notable disparities across participant demographic characteristics and contexts. As principal antecedent threats to child and adolescent well-being that can affect later life prospects, ACEs represent a pressing global social issue. Effective early identification and prevention strategies, including targeted co-designed community interventions, can reduce the prevalence
of ACEs and mitigate their severe effects, thereby minimizing the harmful health consequences of childhood adversity in future generations.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Sheri Madigan, PhD, email sheri.madigan@ucalgary.ca.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4385)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of pregnancy-associated homicide rates, barriers to divorce were associated with higher homicide rates and access to reproductive health care was associated with lower homicide rates. This study highlights the association between state legislation and pregnancy-associated homicide in the U.S., which is important information for policymakers.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Kaitlin M. Boyle, PhD, email kb49@mailbox.sc.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.44199)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this cross-sectional study of U.S. patients seeking abortion, many individuals and their households were estimated to incur catastrophic health expenditures, particularly those traveling from out of state. The financial and psychological burdens of abortion seeking have likely worsened after the Dobbs decision, as more people need to cross state lines to reach abortion care. The findings suggest expansion of insurance coverage to ensure equitable access to abortion care, irrespective of people’s state of residence, is needed.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Ortal Wasser, MSW, email ow345@nyu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.44146)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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About JAMA Health Forum: JAMA Health Forum is an international, peer-reviewed, online, open access journal that addresses health policy and strategies affecting medicine, health and health care. The journal publishes original research, evidence-based reports and opinion about national and global health policy; innovative approaches to health care delivery; and health care economics, access, quality, safety, equity and reform. Its distribution will be solely digital and all content will be freely available for anyone to read.
About The Study: In this time-series study, heat waves were associated with increased adverse health events among dually eligible individuals 65 years and older. Without adaptation strategies to address the health-related impacts of heat, dually eligible individuals are increasingly likely to face adverse outcomes.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Hyunjee Kim, PhD, email kihy@ohsu.edu.
(doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3884)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is an online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
About The Study: In this longitudinal cohort study of multiple aspects of child neurodevelopment between ages 6 and 24 months, negligible associations between prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and child outcomes were observed. Follow-up research is warranted to determine whether these predominantly null effects persist into later childhood.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Gerald F. Giesbrecht, PhD, email ggiesbre@ucalgary.ca.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43697)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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