About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This study compared federal and foundation research funding for sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis and investigated whether funding was associated with differences in drug development and research productivity.
Authors: John J. Strouse, M.D., Ph.D., of Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1737)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: This observational study compared changes in opioid-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations before and after the 2014 Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion in states that implemented expansions with states that didn’t. Medicaid expansions improve access to outpatient treatment and have the potential to reduce opioid-related hospital use.
Authors: Aparna Soni, Ph.D., of American University in Washington, D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0473)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: In this study of 72,000 adolescents and young adults, higher risk of youth overdose was associated with exposure to family members with opioid prescriptions and young people’s own opioid prescriptions.
Authors: Anh P. Nguyen, Ph.D., of the Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1018)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Motorized scooters are increasingly popular and, in this study, researchers analyzed medical information for 61 adults who visited a single emergency department with scooter-related injuries.
Authors: Jeffrey D. Riley, M.D., of HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center in Arizona, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1925)
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# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Nearly 200 radiologists who interpreted about 251,000 digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and 2 million digital mammography screening examinations were included in this observational study that evaluated recall and cancer detection rates.
Authors: Brian L. Sprague, Ph.D., of the University of Vermont in Burlington, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1759)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Racial and ethnic differences appear to exist in depression severity and care in this observational study of older adults who participated in a randomized clinical trial of cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention.
Authors: Olivia I. Okereke, M.D., S.M., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1606)
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What The Study Did: This observational study used national survey data from young people up to age 19 to estimate the overall diet quality of children and teens in the United States and to explore how diet quality has changed from 1999 to 2016.
Authors: Junxiu Liu, Ph.D., of Tufts University in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0878)
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What The Study Did: Researchers looked at whether taking more steps and higher intensity stepping were associated with reduced risk of death in this observational study that included almost 4,900 adults (40 and over) who wore a device called an accelerometer to measure their step count and step intensity (steps/minute).
Authors: Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1382)
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What The Study Did: Nontrauma center hospitals were the nearest hospitals to most of the mass shootings (five or more people injured or killed by a gun) that happened in the U.S. in 2019. This study examined distances to trauma centers and nontrauma center hospitals for 187 mass shootings.
Authors: Michael L. Nance, M.D., of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0095)
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Data collected from 155 adult transgender women and 55 transgender men were used to identify the earliest age at which gender dysphoria was experienced in this patient population seeking genital gender-affirming surgery at a California hospital.
Authors: Maurice M. Garcia, M.D., M.A.S., of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1236)
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This observational study looked at how common nonmedical prescription opioid use was among transgender girls and young women and risk factors associated with it.
Authors: Arjee J. Restar, M.P.H., of the Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, Rhode Island, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1015)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this survey study of nearly 550 Latino or Latina adolescents looked at how family member detention or deportation was associated with later suicidal thoughts, alcohol use or clinically significant externalizing behaviors such as rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors.
Author: Kathleen M. Roche, Ph.D., of George Washington University in Washington. D.C., is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0014)
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What The Study Did: Data from Sweden were used to compare 115,933 pairs of children who did or didn’t use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to examine the association between PPI use and risk of fracture in children.
Author: Yun-Han Wang, M.Sc., B.Pharm., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0007)
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What The Study Did: This study examined economic viability and the benefits of locating tax preparation services at two hospitals and two outpatient clinics in New York City to increase awareness of and access to federal programs that provide tax credits to low-income people like the Earned Income Tax Credit, which is often under claimed by people who qualify.
Authors: Dave A. Chokshi, M.D., M.Sc., of NYC Health + Hospitals, New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0545)
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What The Study Did: Researchers compared the risk of complications among 30,000 adults in Canada who had total hip replacement based on the different surgical approaches used with patients on their side or back during the procedure.
Authors: Daniel Pincus, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Toronto, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0785)
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Bottom Line: The estimated number of U.S. adults at high risk for vision loss increased from 2002 to 2017 in this observational study based on national survey data. Adults at high risk for vision loss included those who were 65 or older, had a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, or had eye or vision problems. Researchers estimated there were more than 93 million adults in 2017 at high risk for vision loss compared with almost 65 million in 2002, an increase attributed in part to an aging population. About 57% of adults reported visiting an eye care professional annually; almost 60% reported having a dilated eye exam; and 9 out of 100 adults who needed eyeglasses said they couldn’t afford them. This analysis included survey responses from nearly 31,000 adults in 2002 and 33,000 in 2017. Limitations of the study include those inherent with the use of self-reported data. Public health efforts to improve awareness of the importance of eye care could reduce unnecessary vision loss.
Authors: Sharon H. Saydah, Ph.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, and coauthors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0273)
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What The Study Did: Researchers used French electronic health data to investigate how risk of colorectal cancer compared among obese adults who had weight-loss surgery and who didn’t.
Authors: Laurent Bailly, M.D., Ph.D., Universite Cote d’Azur, Nice, France, and coauthors.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0089)
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What The Study Did: The risk of physical and sexual violence faced by gay, lesbian, bisexual and questioning U.S. high schoolers was quantified in this observational study that used pooled data from a survey conducted every two years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Author: Theodore L. Caputi, M.P.H., of Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Health Alliance in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6291)
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What The Study Did: National survey data and housing assistance records were used to examine whether participation in U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development rental assistance programs was associated with childhood asthma outcomes, including ever being diagnosed with asthma, history of asthma attack, and treatment in the emergency department for asthma.
Author: Michel Boudreaux, Ph.D., of the University of Maryland School of Public Health in College Park, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6242)
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What The Study Did: Findings in this observational study of almost 387,000 children born in the U.S. don’t show evidence of an association between rotavirus vaccination (routinely recommended for all infants by age 8 months) and type 1 diabetes in children who were followed over a range of about 5 years. Researchers explain limitations of the study, as well as two potential unmeasured confounding variables that may have affected results.
Author: Jason M, Glanz, Ph.D., of the Institute for Health Research at Kaiser Permanente Colorado in Aurora, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6324)
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this observational study of 43,000 twins born in Scotland used linked maternal and educational data to identify the optimal gestation week for the birth of infant twins associated with the lowest risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes, specifically perinatal death and special education needs later on in school.
Author: Sarah Murray, Ph.D., M.R.C., of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6317)
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial investigated if gabapentin, a drug often used to treat nerve pain, would be useful in the treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder (problem drinking that becomes severe) and a history of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. As many as 30 million people in the U.S. meet criteria for alcohol use disorder, yet less than 1 million receive medication that may be beneficial.
Authors: Raymond F. Anton, M.D., of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0249)
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What The Study Did: Researchers investigated how stress-related disorders (such as posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder and stress reactions) were associated with risk for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using data from national health registers in Sweden.
Authors: Huan Song, M.D., Ph.D., of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0117)
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What The Study Did: This report describes the kinds of vaping products used by and the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized in California last year with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury.
Authors: Jason A. Wilken, Ph.D., M.P.H., and Christina Armatas, M.D., M.P.H., of the California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0664)
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What The Study Did: The secretion of melatonin is an important indicator of the body’s circadian rhythm. An internal circadian rhythm misaligned with the outside world and a low concentration of melatonin secretion have been associated with risk for a variety of diseases. This randomized clinical trial investigated whether cataract surgery, which increases a person’s perception of light, affected melatonin secretion in patients 60 and older having their first cataract surgery compared with those whose cataract surgery was delayed.
Authors: Keigo Saeki, M.D., Ph.D., of the Nara Medical University School of Medicine in Nara, Japan, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0206)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This population-based study describes the risk of experiencing violent assault among young immigrants and refugees (ages 10 to 24) compared with nonimmigrants in an analysis of linked health and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Researchers acknowledge some important factors are unknown, including the circumstances of some events.
Authors: Natasha Ruth Saunders, M.D., M.Sc., of The Hospital for Sick Children, in Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0375)
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What The Study Did: Researchers examined associations between two of the most common weight-loss surgeries on type 2 diabetes outcomes by comparing diabetes remission and relapse rates, glycemic control and weight loss after five years among 9,700 adults with type 2 diabetes who had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.
Authors: Kathleen McTigue, M.D., of the University of Pittsburgh, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0087)
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial conducted at 60 workplaces in urban areas of China examined whether a wellness program with a hypertension management component would improve blood pressure control among employees compared to usual care.
Authors: Zengwu Wang, M.D., Ph.D., of the Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing, and Chun Chang, M.D., Ph.D., of Peking University in Beijing, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.6161)
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What The Study Did: Researchers investigated pay differences by sex at the highest ranks of academic medicine among clinical department chairs at 29 state medical schools in 12 states.
Authors: Eleni Linos, M.D., Dr.P.H., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7540)
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What The Study Did: What the pharmaceutical and health product industry spent on lobbying and contributions to political campaigns in the U.S. from 1999 to 2018 was the focus of this observational study that used federal- and state-level data. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Author: Olivier J. Wouters, Ph.D., of the London School of Economics and Political Science, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0146)
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What The Study Did: A variety of data were used to estimate annual health care spending in the U.S. from 1996 through 2016 by payer (public insurance, private insurance and out-of-pocket payments) and by health conditions, including low back pain and musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Authors: Joseph L. Dieleman, Ph.D., of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0734)
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What The Study Did: This study describes changes in list and net prices for 600 branded drugs in the U.S. from 2007 to 2018 and estimated the extent to which price increases were offset by increases in discounts. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Authors: Inmaculada Hernandez, Pharm.D., Ph.D. of the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1012)
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What The Study Did: Researchers estimated the cost to bring 63 new drugs or biologics to market between 2009 and 2018 using publicly available data on research and development expenditures for these medicines. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Authors: Olivier J. Wouters, Ph.D., of the London School of Economics and Political Science, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1166)
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What The Study Did: Data from annual financial reports were used to compare the profitability of 35 large pharmaceutical companies with 357 companies in the S&P 500 Index from 2000 to 2018. This study is part of a theme issue from JAMA on drug pricing.
Authors: Fred D. Ledley, of Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0442)
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What The Study Did: This research letter looked at two categories of firearm laws to prevent child access and their association with pediatric firearm fatalities throughout the United States from 1991 to 2016
Author: Eric W. Fleegler, M.D., M.P.H., of Boston Children’s Hospital, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.6227)
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, MARCH 2, 2020
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) now recommends that adults ages 18 to 79 be screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this statement updates its previous guidance that adults born between 1945 and 1965 be screened. More deaths are associated with HCV than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. The rise in cases over the last decade is due to more injection drug use and better monitoring.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1123)
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Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Some states have enacted laws restricting opioid prescribing for the treatment of acute pain and this research letter assess the outcomes associated with Florida’s restriction law.
Authors: Juan M. Hincapie-Castillo, Pharm.D., M.S., Ph.D., of the University of Florida in Gainesville, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0234)
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this study estimated the potential water conservation and financial savings generated by eliminating running water for hand scrubbing before surgery in favor of exclusive use of an alcohol-based scrub at a large ophthalmic surgical hospital.
Authors: Alana Grajewski, M.D., of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0048)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This observational study with nearly 6,300 patients who visited the emergency department or who were hospitalized for a traumatic injury examined how implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was associated with out-of-pocket and premium spending among those patients.
Authors: Charles Liu, M.D., M.S., of Stanford University in California, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0157)
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What The Study Did: Researchers in this observational study evaluated dimensions of the aorta in 442 older competitive runners and rowers (ages 50 to 75) to examine the association between long-term endurance exercise and enlargement of the artery.
Authors: Aaron L. Baggish, M.D., of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0054)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2020
Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Katherine A. Hill, B.A., B.S., email Bill Hathaway at william.hathaway@yale.edu. The full study and editor’s note are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: An analysis of annual surveys from graduating students at all U.S. allopathic medical schools suggests self-reported medical student mistreatment remains common and varies by sex, race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. This observational study included 27,504 unique student surveys, representing 72.1% of graduating medical school students in 2016 and 2017. The types of mistreatment students were questioned about included public humiliation, being threatened, physical harm and unwanted sexual advances, as well as discrimination based on gender, race/ethnicity and sexual orientation. Researchers report self-reported medical student mistreatment was common, with 35.4% reporting at least one type of mistreatment, the most common of which was public humiliation. A larger proportion of female students compared with male students reported at least one episode of mistreatment; Asian, underrepresented minority and multiracial students reported higher rates of mistreatment and discrimination based on race/ethnicity than white students; and a larger proportion of lesbian, gay or bisexual students reported an episode of mistreatment compared with heterosexual students. Limitations of the study include self-reported information and differences in how students may classify experiences. Authors acknowledge the results may underreport medical student mistreatment because some students who experienced mistreatment may have left medical school before graduation.
Authors: Katherine A. Hill, B.A., B.S., Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, and coauthors.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0030)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), MONDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2020
Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Benjamin H. Han, M.D., M.P.H., email Ryan Dziuba at Ryan.Dziuba@nyulangone.org. The full study is linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: Cannabis use apparently continues to increase among older adults in the U.S. based on findings reported in this research letter. Researchers analyzed national survey data from 2015-2018 for nearly 15,000 adults 65 and older to estimate how common past-year cannabis use was. Previous studies have indicated sharp increases from 2006-2016. Cannabis has been legalized in many states for medical and recreational use. Authors of the current study estimate the proportion of adults who reported past-year marijuana use increased from 2.4% to 4.2% from 2015 to 2018. There appeared to be significant increases in use during that time among women, people who were white or nonwhite racial/ethnic minorities, adults with a college education, people with higher incomes, those who are married, and adults who reported receiving mental health treatment or using alcohol, and people with diabetes. A limitation of the study is the possibility of limited recall by the respondents. There is a need to better understand both the benefits and risks of marijuana use among older adults.
Authors: Benjamin H. Han, M.D., M.P.H., and Joseph J. Palamar, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the New York University School of Medicine, New York.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7517)
Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2020
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes that current evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation about screening for cognitive impairment in adults 65 or older. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this statement updates and reaffirms its 2014 statement that also concluded “the evidence was insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for cognitive impairment.” Dementia is a significant decline in one or more areas of cognition that interferes with a person’s independence in daily life and the condition affects an estimated 2.4 to 5.5 million people in the U.S.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0435)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The risk of dementia in adults 60 and older who experience declines in both memory and gait speed was compared with adults who experience no decline or decline in either memory or gait speed only in this observational meta-analysis that included six studies with about 8,700 participants from the U.S. and Europe.
Authors: Qu Tian, Ph.D., M.S., of the National Institutes of Health in Baltimore, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21636)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: National vital statistics data from 2000 to 2016 were used to examine how rates of alcohol-induced deaths (defined as those deaths due to alcohol consumption that could be avoided if alcohol weren’t involved) have changed in the U.S. and to compare the results by demographic groups including sex, race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status and geographic location. The study is accompanied by two commentaries.
Authors: Susan Spillane, Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21451)
Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: Data from 82 prison inmates treated in a glaucoma clinic at an academic hospital were used in this observational study to report on how treatment and follow-up, including medication adherence, were are managed.
Authors: Levi N. Kanu, M.D., of the University of Illinois at Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0001)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 2020
Media advisory: To contact corresponding author Austin L. Johnson, B.S., email Melani Hamilton at melani.hamilton@okstate.edu. The full study is linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The actor who plays Dustin Henderson on the popular Netflix series “Stranger Things” was born with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a rare disorder of which the most prominent features are missing or abnormal growth of the teeth and collarbones. The fictional character shares the condition with actor Gaten Matarazzo III and the show has featured scenes of Matarazzo’s Dustin educating others about it. The authors of this research letter used data from Google Trends and CCD-related foundations to gauge public interest and awareness of the disorder after the release of each of the show’s three seasons. Researchers report that each season of the show was associated with an increase in weekly search interest for CCD above what would be expected. Data from most CCD-related foundations contacted weren’t quantifiable but web traffic to one site for a CCD-related information page reached 10,000 visits the week after the show’s third season premiered last summer. While study authors urge writers to exercise cautious when portraying characters with rare disorders, those portrayals might help to raise awareness of these conditions.
Authors: Austin L. Johnson, B.S., Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, and coauthors
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4791)
Editor’s Note: The article includes funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: This observational study was a systematic review and meta-analysis that included 112 studies and examined the association between risk of cancer in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, including the risk of specific cancers.
Authors: Sofie Vaengebjerg, M.D., of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0024)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: This analysis estimated the health and economic consequences of indoor tanning regulations, such as banning indoor tanning devices or prohibiting their use by minors, in North America and Europe compared with current levels of use.
Authors: Louisa G. Gordon, Ph.D., of QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0001)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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What The Study Did: Researchers compared treatment and survival rates between African American and white women following early detection with mammography of triple-negative breast cancer. African American women have a higher rate of death from breast cancer compared with white women, a disparity partly explained by a higher rate of this aggressive breast cancer.
Authors: Lisa A. Newman, M.D., M.P.H., of Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2019.6032)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The large health care system Kaiser Permanente Northern California provides universal screening for prenatal cannabis use in women during pregnancy by self-report and urine toxicology testing. This observational study used data to examine the association of depression, anxiety, and trauma diagnoses and symptoms with cannabis use by women during pregnancy.
Authors: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Ph.D., M.P.H., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21333)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. Every Wednesday and Friday, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: More than 925,000 adults in the National Cancer Database with a new diagnosis of invasive breast, colon or lung cancer were included in this observational study that examined how Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was associated with insurance status, cancer stage at diagnosis and timely treatment.
Authors: Samuel U. Takvorian, M.D., M.S., of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21653)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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