What The Study Did: This observational study looked at changes from 2007 to 2016 in the proportion of U.S. adults who screened positive for depression and received treatment.
Authors: Taeho Greg Rhee, Ph.D., M.S.W., of the University of Connecticut in Farmington, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1818)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The association between low to moderate alcohol drinking and the rate of age-related decline in cognitive function from middle to older age was investigated in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
Authors: Changwei Li, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., of the University of Georgia College of Public Health in Athens, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7922)
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What The Study Did: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to assess racial differences in rates of autopsy of decedents older than age 18 from 2008 to 2017.
Authors: Fumiko Chino, M.D., of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2239)
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What The Study Did: The clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis who contract COVID-19 are described in this observational study, which identifies factors associated with COVID-19 severity.
Authors: Celine Louapre, M.D., of the Sorbonne Universite in Paris, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2581)
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What The Study Did: This case series describes 20 children and adolescents who presented with new-onset acral inflammatory lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Ignacio Torres-Navarro, of the Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe in Valencia, Spain, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2340)
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What The Study Did: The possible association between chilblains and COVID-19 was investigated in this case series that included 31 patients.
Authors: Anne Herman, M.D., of the Université Catholique de Louvain in Brussels, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2368)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This study examined the worldwide trends of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2017 according to geographic location, sex, age and socioeconomic factors.
Authors: Jun Lyu, Ph.D., of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in Guangzhou, China, and ZhiJun Dai, Ph.D., of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8759)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This observational study looked at the risk of complications after an outpatient colonoscopy among patients age 75 and older compared to younger patients.
Authors: David Armstrong, M.D., of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8958)
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What The Article Says: This essay describes observations of the qualities developed by hospital staff members during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Author: Megha Prasad, M.D. M.S., of the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2240)
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What The Article Says: The particular risks the COVID-19 pandemic presents for patients with a laryngectomy and how best to mitigate risk are described in this Patient Page.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1523)
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What The Article Says: A man in his 60s presented with numerous pseudovesicular papules on the trunk 12 hours after the initiation of treatment for COVID-19.
Authors: Laurence Toutous Trellu, M.D., of the Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1966)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of treatment with colchicine on cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Authors: Spyridon G. Deftereos, M.D., Ph.D., of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Greece, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13136)
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What The Article Says: How to best treat patients with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic is detailed in this article.
Authors: Kai G. Kahl, M.D., of the Hannover Medical School in Hannover, Germany, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1701)
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What The Viewpoint Says: The use of online platforms to guide effective consumption of information, facilitate social support and continue mental health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed in this Viewpoint.
Authors: Yuval Neria, Ph.D., of the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1730)
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What The Viewpoint Says: Ways to reduce over-triage for patients with neurologic disease and finding ways to care for patients at a distance during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed in this Viewpoint.
Authors: Benjamin P. George, M.D., M..PH., and Adam G. Kelly, M.D., of the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York, are the authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1956)
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What The Perspective Says: The loss of human connection caused by the social and physical distancing of the COVID-19 pandemic is lamented in this piece.
Authors: Nathaniel P. Morris, M.D., of Stanford University School of Medicine in California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2505)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The feasibility of using pool testing to identify patients with COVID-19 in a setting with limited testing availability was examined in this decision analytical model study.
Authors: Alhaji Cherif, Ph.D., of the Renal Research Institute in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13075)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Researchers looked at whether despair among young adults was associated with suicidal thoughts and behavior and alcohol and drug misuse.
Authors: William E. Copeland, Ph.D., of the University of Vermont College of Medicine in Burlington, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8627)
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What The Study Did: Psychological factors associated with adolescents’ behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined in this survey study.
Authors: Benjamin Oosterhoff, Ph.D., of Montana State University in Bozeman, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1876)
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What The Study Did: This study describes the characteristics associated with outpatient cardiac arrests and death during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York.
Authors: David J. Prezant, M.D., of the Fire Department of the City of New York in Brooklyn, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2488)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Measures implemented in a community in China to restrict the spread of COVID-19 are examined in this case series.
Authors: Wen-Wu Zhang, B.Med., and Qing-Li Dou, Ph.D., of The People’s Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen in China, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12934)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: State guidelines for ventilator allocation decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined in this review.
Authors: Gina M. Piscitello, M.D., of Rush University in Chicago, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12606)
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What The Studies Did: These studies looked at changes in the rate of traffic fatalities in states that have legalized the use of recreational cannabis.
Authors: Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Dr.P.H., of the New York University School of Medicine, is the corresponding author of the original investigation.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1757)
Authors: Russell S. Kamer, M.D., of New York Medical College in White Plains, New York, is the corresponding author of the research letter.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1769)
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What The Study Did: Whether the prone position is associated with improved oxygenation and decreased risk for intubation in spontaneously breathing patients with severe COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure is investigated in this observational study.
Authors: Sanja Jelic, M.D., of the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3030)
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What The Study Did: This survey study of patients with COVID-19 investigates how common the ability to taste and smell was reduced at the onset of the disease.
Authors: Fabio Ferreli, M.D., of the Humanitas Clinical and Research Center in Milan, Italy, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1155)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The association of sociodemographic characteristics with reported incidence, knowledge and behavior regarding COVID-19 among U.S. adults is examined in this survey study.
Authors: David Cutler, Ph.D., of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12403)
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What The Viewpoint Says: The challenges associated with conducting and assessing results of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed in this Viewpoint.
Authors: Chaya S. Moskowitz, Ph.D., of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2370)
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What The Study Did: Researchers examined what demographic and clinical factors are associated with the decision to withdraw life-supporting treatment in patients with severe traumatic brain injury using data from more than 825 trauma centers in the U.S.
Authors: Theresa Williamson, M.D., of Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1790)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This observational study examined the risk of cardiovascular death and sudden cardiac death associated with use of the antibiotic azithromycin compared with amoxicillin.
Authors: Jonathan G. Zaroff, M.D., of Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8199)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 at a health system in Detroit are described in this case series, which also provides a comparative analysis of hospitalized and ambulatory patient populations.
Authors: Geehan Suleyman, M.D., of the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12270)
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What The Study Did: A large, national database was used to determine how common it was for patients who hadn’t used opioids before undergoing a coronary artery bypass grafting or heart valve procedure to subsequently develop persistent opioid use after surgery.
Authors: Nimesh D. Desai, M.D., Ph.D., of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1445)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: How common asthma was among children with various developmental disabilities (including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and vision, hearing or speech delay) was compared to children without disabilities in this survey study.
Authors: Sarah E. Messiah, Ph.D., M.P.H., of the Children’s Health System of Texas in Dallas, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7728)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This is a quality improvement study that examines the effects of sterilization with hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide on the filtration efficiency of N95, KN95 and surgical face masks.
Authors: Changjie Cai, Ph.D., of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12099)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This survey study looked at perceptions of the harms of electronic cigarettes compared to regular cigarettes among current smokers in England before and after the U.S. outbreak of vaping-associated lung injury in 2019. Misperceptions that e-cigarettes are at least as harmful to health as regular cigarettes may dissuade smokers who are unable or unwilling to stop using nicotine from switching to e-cigarettes.
Authors: Harry Tattan-Birch, M.Sc., of University College London, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6981)
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What The Study Did: Whether several recommended healthy eating patterns that combine various nutrients and foods are associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, was the focus of this observational study that used data from three large study groups with up to 32 years of follow-up. Few studies have examined whether adherence to different dietary patterns could be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
Authors: Frank B. Hu, M.D., Ph.D., of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2176)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This study compares the diagnostic equivalence of patient-collected lower nasal specimens with that of health care worker–collected oropharyngeal specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Authors: Jonathan Altamirano, M.S., of the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12005)
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What The Study Did: This randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of treating patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis with a therapeutic hookworm infection compared with placebo. Some studies have suggested that gut worms induce immune responses that can protect against multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Cris S. Constantinescu, M.D., Ph.D., and David I. Pritchard, Ph.D., of the University of Nottingham in Nottingham, England, are the corresponding authors.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1118)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: The association between climate and the spread of COVID-19 is examined in this observational study.
Authors: Mohammad M. Sajadi, M.D., of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11834)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: How commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms were in patients with COVID-19 and viral RNA shedding was detected in these patients’ stool are examined in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Sravanthi Parasa, M.D., of Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11335)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Researchers estimated the difference in overall life expectancy and years free from major chronic illnesses between individuals with HIV infection with access to care and similar uninfected adults from the same health care system from 2000 to 2016. Antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy for individuals with HIV, but recent data comparing life span between individuals with or without the disease are lacking.
Authors: Julia L. Marcus, Ph.D., M.P.H., of Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7954)
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What The Viewpoint Says: Possible outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic on low- and middle-income countries are described.
Authors: Daniel Vigo, M.D., Lic. Psych., Dr.P.H., of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2174)
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About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: This survey study of U.S. adults ages 18 to 44 looked at changes in the reported frequency of sexual activity, the number of sexual partners and factors associated with frequency and numbers of partners.
Authors: Peter Ueda, M.D., Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3833)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflicts of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
What The Study Did: This study combined the results of 15 observational studies with 9,500 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer to compare the risk of cancer recurrence and death associated with receiving minimally invasive versus open radical hysterectomy.
Authors: Alexander Melamed, M.D., M.P.H., of the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.1694)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflicts of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
What The Study Did: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received intervention by a COVID-19 palliative care response team are examined in this case series.
Authors: Shunichi Nakagawa, M.D., of the Columbia University Medical Center in NewYork, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2713)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
What The Study Did: This pharmacokinetic simulation study estimates appropriate pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir in the treatment of pediatric patients with COVID-19.
Authors: Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, M.D., Ph.D., of the Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2422)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE: 11 A.M. (ET), TUESDAY, JUNE 9, 2020
Media advisory: To contact the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, email the Media Coordinator at Newsroom@USPSTF.net or call 202-572-2044. The full report and related articles are linked to this news release.
Bottom Line: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for unhealthy drug use in adults 18 or older by asking questions about such use when services for diagnosis, treatment, and care can be offered or referred. Unhealthy drug use includes using illegal drugs or using a prescription drug in ways that are not recommended by a doctor. The USPSTF routinely makes recommendations about the effectiveness of preventive care services and this is a new recommendation, replacing the 2008 statement that found insufficient evidence at the time. Evidence continues to be insufficient regarding screening for unhealthy drug use in adolescents. Drug use is one of the most common causes of preventable death, injuries and disability. In 2017, unhealthy drug use caused more than 70,000 fatal overdoses.
(doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8020)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.
Note: More information about the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, its process, and its recommendations can be found on the newsroom page of its website.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmediarelations@jamanetwork.org.
What The Study Did: This observational study looked at the rate and risk factors of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain (intracerebral hemorrhage) between 1948 and 2016 among 10,000 participants in the Framingham Heart Study. There have been conflicting results in other studies on whether the rate of this often deadly type of stroke is changing.
Authors: Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, M.D., of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1512)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflicts of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
What The Study Did:This study assessed how many pediatric patients presenting for surgery at three tertiary care children’s hospitals across the U.S. had COVID-19.
Authors: Apurva S. Shah, M.D., M.B.A., of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2588)
Editor’s Note: Please see the articles for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
# # #
For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
About JAMA Network Open: JAMA Network Open is the new online-only open access general medical journal from the JAMA Network. On weekdays, the journal publishes peer-reviewed clinical research and commentary in more than 40 medical and health subject areas. Every article is free online from the day of publication.
What The Study Did: Whether use of electronic cigarettes among former cigarette smokers was associated with an increased risk of smoking relapse was examined with the use of nationally representative survey data.
Authors: Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E., of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in Bethesda, Maryland, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4813)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest and funding/support disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
What The Study Did: Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features of 50 children hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York are examined in this case series.
Authors: Philip Zachariah, M.D., M.Sc., of Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, is the corresponding author.
(doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2430)
Editor’s Note: The article includes conflict of interest disclosures. Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflicts of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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For more information, contact JAMA Network Media Relations at 312-464-JAMA (5262) or emailmedia relations.
