Incremental Carbon Footprint Effectiveness Ratio in Ophthalmology

This Viewpoint describes the incremental carbon footprint effectiveness ratio (ICFER) as a measure to assess the environmental impact of interventions in terms of carbon footprint per quality-adjusted life-year.

Corresponding Author: Aakriti Garg Shukla, MD, MSc, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, Box 200, Presbyterian Hospital Bldg, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10032 (ag2965@cumc.columbia.edu).

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