Original Investigation

Evaluation of Interventions for Cognitive Symptoms in Long COVID

JAMA Neurology 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4415

November 10, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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Do evidence-based rehabilitation strategies improve cognitive symptoms in persons with long COVID (ie, symptoms of fatigue, malaise, weakness, confusion that persist beyond 12 weeks after an initial COVID infection)?This randomized clinical trial included 328 participants randomly assigned to 3 active interventions over 10 weeks at 22 clinical sites. None of the interventions demonstrated benefits on the modified Everyday Cognition Scale 2 in the intention-to-treat population by the end of the intervention period.The trial failed to demonstrate differential benefits from online cognitive training, a structured cognitive rehabilitation program, or transcranial direct current stimulation in participants with cognitive long COVID.

Corresponding Author: David S. Knopman MD, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (knopman@mayo.edu).

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