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2024 Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis—A Unified Approach

JAMA Neurology 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.4243

November 10, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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This Viewpoint describes changes in the McDonald diagnostic criteria from 2017 to 2024 that reflect the use of tools for enhanced biological specificity and a contemporary understanding of MS as a single disease.

Corresponding Author: Daniel Ontaneda, MD, PhD, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, U-10, Cleveland, OH 44106 (ontaned@ccf.org).

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