Original Investigation

Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Performance Among Youths

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.8725

April 23, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Is longer breastfeeding duration associated with better cognitive performance among youths aged 10 to 15 years in China?In this cross-sectional study of 5436 Chinese youths, breastfeeding for more than 6 months vs 6 months or less was not associated with youth cognitive performance in the unadjusted model but was associated with better cognitive performance after adjustment for socioeconomic status (SES). Longer breastfeeding was more common in households with lower SES.These findings suggest no association between breastfeeding duration and youth cognitive performance in China unless confounding by SES is considered.

Corresponding Author: Wei He, PhD, Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents’ Health and Diseases, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China (zjuhewei@zju.edu.cn).

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