Clinical Outcomes in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin–Exposed Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

What are the actual burdens and clinical outcomes experienced by individuals with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)–exposed non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)?In this cohort study of 26 876 patients, those with BCG-exposed NMIBC represented a large, underserved population with recurrence occurring in 83%, accounting for more than 80% of disease progression and cystectomy cases. Adequate BCG maintenance therapy was uncommon, and most patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC received inadequate maintenance.These findings suggest that patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC represent the majority of those experiencing progression and cystectomy, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies and clinical trial designs targeting this population.

Corresponding Authors: Roger Li, MD, Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 (roger.li@moffitt.org); and Gang Feng, MD, PhD, Pfizer Oncology, 1 Portland St, Cambridge, MA 02139 (gang.feng2@pfizer.com).

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