Neighborhood Indices, Income, and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome at the Census Tract Level

How much variability is explained by neighborhood indices and median household income for the prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) conditions at the census tract level?In this cross-sectional study of 65 476 census tracts, the 7 neighborhood indices examined and median household income were all modestly to highly correlated. While there was moderate discordance when classifying census tracts by quartiles of index scores, all had similar magnitudes of association with the prevalence of CKM conditions, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease.These findings suggest that identifying advantages and disadvantages of each neighborhood measure can inform utility and selection of specific place-based measures for research and policy.

Corresponding Author: Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, 14-002, Chicago, IL 60611 (s-khan-1@northwestern.edu).

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