Original Investigation

Probiotics and Risk of Death, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.35560

September 23, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This cohort study of very preterm infants found that implementation of a multistrain probiotic was associated with a significant reduction in death and/or NEC, which may help inform shared decision-making between clinicians and families. These results should not be generalized to extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks’ gestation).

Corresponding Author: Ayoub Mitha, MD, PhD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden (ayoub.mitha@ki.se).

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