High-Frequency Oscillation vs Mechanical Ventilation for Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Does elective high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other neonatal adverse outcomes compared with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) among preterm infants diagnosed with neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome?In this randomized clinical trial of 386 preterm infants, elective HFOV reduced the risk of BPD according to the 2001 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development definition by 24.0% and the risk of BPD according to the 2019 Jensen definition by 32.0% compared with CMV.The results of this study suggest that elective HFOV is a promising strategy for preventing BPD in preterm infants with neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome, especially the more severe forms associated with increased long-term morbidity and mortality.

Corresponding Authors: Long Chen, MD, PhD, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China (neurochenlong@126.com); Ling-Jun Li, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (queenie.lingjun.li@hku.hk).

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