Intensive Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes Across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages

Is intensive blood pressure management associated with consistent net clinical benefits across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages?In a secondary analysis of a large cluster randomized trial involving more than 33 000 adults, a comprehensive intensive blood pressure intervention was associated with significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular events across CKM syndrome stages 2 to 4. Net benefit analyses demonstrated favorable benefit-to-harm profiles at all stages.This study offers the first trial-based evidence to guide stage-specific CKM syndrome care and supports scalable strategies for high-risk, multimorbid populations, particularly in resource-limited settings, such as rural China.

Corresponding Author: Yingxian Sun, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing N St, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China (yxsun@cmu.edu.cn).

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