Multilevel Barriers to Perianal Condyloma Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Northeast China

What are the health care dilemmas and structural exclusions faced by men who have sex with men (MSM) with perianal condyloma during medical visits?This qualitative study of 20 MSM with perianal condyloma identified multilevel barriers (individual, clinical, societal, and policy), including human papillomavirus knowledge gaps, fragmented care, social stigma, and policy exclusion among MSM, and presents key observations that align with the concept of structural oppression influencing care outcomes.This study suggests that multilevel interventions (privacy protection, standardized care, inclusive prevention, and practitioner training) are needed to advance health equity for sexual minority populations.

Corresponding Author: Yalun Li, MD, Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North St, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China (liyalun@cmu.edu.cn).

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