Original Investigation

Firearm Homicide in Pregnant Women and State-Level Firearm Ownership

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.42447

November 10, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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How do pregnancy-associated firearm homicide rates vary across states and are they associated with state-level firearm ownership?In this cross-sectional study performed from 2018 to 2021, pregnant women experienced a 37% higher firearm homicide rate than nonpregnant women. In adjusted models, every 1% increase in state-level firearm ownership was significantly associated with a 6% increase in all-cause and 8% increase in firearm-specific homicide rates in pregnant women.This study’s results suggest an urgent need for focused state-level interventions to protect maternal safety.

Corresponding Author: Ayesha Dholakia, MD, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 (ayesha.dholakia@childrens.harvard.edu).

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