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Racial and Ethnic Inequalities for Nonfatal Legal Intervention Injuries Treated in US Emergency Departments

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.41166

October 30, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This cross-sectional study explores racial and ethnic disparities in injuries caused by law enforcement and treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 2004 to 2021.

Corresponding Author: Mina Kim, PhD, Center for Policing Equity, 8605 Santa Monica Blvd, PMB 54596, West Hollywood, CA 90069-4109 (mikim@policingequity.org).

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