Original Investigation

COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Messaging in Emergency Departments

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.37655

October 15, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Do tailored messaging interventions about updated COVID-19 vaccines and simple inquiry about vaccine acceptance increase vaccine uptake among emergency department (ED) patients within 30 days of the ED visit?In this 3-arm, cluster randomized clinical trial of 852 participants across 6 EDs, neither a tailored messaging intervention nor inquiry about vaccine acceptance significantly increased 30-day vaccine uptake compared with usual care.These findings suggest that tailored messaging and simple inquiry alone may be insufficient to increase updated COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ED patients.

Corresponding Author: Melanie F. Molina, MD, MAS, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 505 Parnassus Ave, Room L-126, Box 0209, San Francisco, CA 94143 (melanie.molina@ucsf.edu).

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