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Invited Commentary

Direct Effect Modeling Methods to Estimate Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.22397

July 22, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Corresponding Author: Andrea J. Cook, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1360, Seattle, WA 98101 (andrea.j.cook@kp.org).

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