Durability of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Effectiveness Among US Veterans

What is the long-term effectiveness of a single respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine dose against RSV illness and associated health care use?In a target trial emulation cohort study of 288 111 US veterans who received RSV vaccination between September 2023 and March 2024 and were followed up through March 2025, vaccine effectiveness against documented RSV infections declined from 83% at 0 to 1 month to 59% at 0 to 18 months in the overall cohort and 75% to 40% among immunocompromised persons.The study results suggest that RSV vaccines are effective but that protection declines over time, most notably among immunocompromised individuals.

Corresponding Author: Kristina L. Bajema, MD, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW UW Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239 (kristina.bajema@va.gov).

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