The Rise in Early-Onset Cancer in the US Population—More Apparent Than Real

The rise in early-onset cancer incidence does not consistently signal a rise in the occurrence of clinically meaningful cancer. While some of the increase in early-onset cancer is likely clinically meaningful, it appears small and limited to a few cancer sites. Much of the increase appears to reflect increased diagnostic scrutiny and overdiagnosis. Interpreting rising incidence as an epidemic of disease may lead to unnecessary screening and treatment while also diverting attention from other more pressing health threats in young adults.

Corresponding Author: H. Gilbert Welch, MD, MPH, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, One Brigham Cir, 1620 Tremont St, Ste 2-016, Boston, MA 02120 (drgilwelch@gmail.com).

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