Pharmacy Benefit Manager Involvement in the US Opioid Crisis

These findings suggest that PBMs and opioid manufacturers had undisclosed financial relationships that may have exacerbated the opioid crisis. Regulatory restrictions on these relationships, including the elimination of rebates, could increase transparency and reduce the risks of public health harm due to misuse of addictive medications.

Corresponding Author: Dorie E. Apollonio, PhD, MPP, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Ste 366, San Francisco, CA 94143 (dorie.apollonio@ucsf.edu).

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