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Prices and Spending for Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors in Pulmonary and Dermatologic Disease

JAMA Dermatology 10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.3289

September 24, 2025 at 11:00 AM EDT

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This economic evaluation examines the use, price, spending, and potential spending for roflumilast and apremilast from 2014 through 2024.

Corresponding Author: Nikhita J. Perry, BS, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (perryn@pennmedicine.upenn.edu).

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