Original Investigation

Risk-Based vs Annual Breast Cancer Screening

JAMA 10.1001/jama.2025.24784

December 12, 2025 at 11:30 AM EST

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Is risk-based breast cancer screening as safe, less morbid, and as acceptable to women as annual screening?Risk-based breast cancer screening, where screening intensity and risk-reduction counseling are tailored to individual risk, was noninferior to annual screening (rate difference, −18.0 per 100 000 person-years). Importantly, women in the highest risk category, assigned to screen every 6 months, had no stage ≥IIB cancers; no overall reduction in biopsies was observed, but the rates for cancer detection, biopsy, and mammograms increased with rising risk in the risk-based group.Risk-based breast cancer screening is safe and acceptable, offering an opportunity to modernize screening in the precision medicine era.

Corresponding Author: Laura J. Esserman, MD, MBA, University of California, San Francisco, Precision Cancer Medicine Building, 1825 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 (laura.esserman@ucsf.edu).

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