JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

Reinforcement Learning for Finding Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimes Using Observational Data

JAMA 10.1001/jama.2025.20541

December 17, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of using observational data and reinforcement learning strategies to develop dynamic treatment regimes for patients who are critically ill.

Corresponding Author: Andrea Rotnitzky, PhD, Hans Rosling Center for Population Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA 98195-1617 (arotnitz@uw.edu).

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