An AI-Powered Lifestyle Intervention vs Human Coaching in the Diabetes Prevention Program

How does referral to a lifestyle intervention exclusively driven by artificial intelligence (AI) compare with referral to a human coach–led Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention?In this randomized clinical trial involving 368 adults with overweight or obesity and prediabetes, 31.7% of participants randomized to referral to an AI-led DPP and 31.9% of participants randomized to referral to a human-led DPP group achieved the primary composite outcome (5% weight loss, 4% weight loss plus 150 minutes of physical activity per week, or an absolute hemoglobin A reduction of ≥0.2 percentage points with hemoglobin A maintained at <6.5% throughout the study duration) at 12 months, a difference that met the prespecified noninferiority criterion of 15%.Among adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity, a fully automated AI-led DPP may be a viable alternative to a DPP led by human coaches.

Corresponding Author: Nestoras Mathioudakis, MD, MHS, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes nmathio1@jh.edu).

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