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Probability, Probability-Based, and Nonprobability Surveys in Psychiatric Epidemiological Research

JAMA Psychiatry 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.3652

December 03, 2025 at 11:00 AM EST

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Hybrid designs address both the biases of surveys from online panels and the operational problems of surveys from high-quality probability samples. They should be the minimally acceptable design for psychiatric epidemiological surveys of the household population.

Corresponding Author: Yajuan Si, PhD, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Room 4014, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 (yajuan@umich.edu).

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