Age-Specific Risk of Second Primary Malignant Neoplasm After Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Does the risk of a second primary malignant neoplasm after radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer vary by age?This cohort study using data from the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for 1975 to 2021 included 72 412 participants and found that RAI treatment was associated with elevated myeloma risk in individuals aged 15 to 44 years. Among adults aged 45 to 64 years, risks were elevated for prostate cancer, salivary gland cancer, and nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, while adults 65 years and older had elevated risks of stomach, esophagus, and nonepithelial skin cancers, and acute myeloid leukemia.The age-specific patterns in RAI-associated risk of a second primary malignant neoplasm highlight the need for tailored surveillance strategies in survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Corresponding Author: Maaike van Gerwen, MD, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1189, New York, NY 10029 (maaike.vangerwen@mountsinai.org).

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