Colorectal Cancer Risk With Negative Colonoscopy or Nonadherence After Positive FOBT Screening

What is the risk of colorectal cancer after a negative colonoscopy result or after nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy among individuals with a positive result in a biennial fecal occult blood test screening?In this cohort study of 14 873 individuals with a positive fecal occult blood test screening test, those with a negative screening colonoscopy result had a decreased colorectal cancer risk, while nonadherence to follow-up colonoscopy was associated with an increased risk compared with the general population.These findings support risk-based follow-up strategies in colorectal cancer screening programs and highlight a high-risk group that may benefit from targeted interventions to improve early tumor detection.

Corresponding Author: Hanna Heyman, MD, Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden (hanna.heyman@ki.se).

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