Human Papillomavirus–Related Cancer in People With HIV and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Are people with HIV (PWH) and solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) at higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related cancers compared with those without HIV or SOT, and how do clinical and sociodemographic factors modify the odds?In this nested case-control study in Sweden including 32 093 HPV-related cancer cases and 320 930 population controls, PWH and SOTRs had higher odds of HPV-related cancers compared with the unexposed group.These findings suggest that immunosuppression elevates HPV-related cancer odds, highlighting the need for targeted vaccination, screening, and optimized clinical management in these populations.

Corresponding Author: Eva Meglic, MSc, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, C8 Medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik, C8 MEB ll Clements Lei, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden (eva.meglic@ki.se).

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