Original Investigation

Perioperative Best Practices and Delirium in Patients With Cognitive Impairment

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.1515

March 12, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Are perioperative best practices derived from established recommendations sufficient to decrease postoperative delirium in patients with cognitive impairment?In this cohort study of 1255 patients, 33.9% developed postoperative delirium. Best practices, such as glucose control and normothermia maintenance, were associated with reduced delirium, although no individual practice remained significant when examined concurrently.These findings suggest that perioperative best practices may not sufficiently mitigate postoperative delirium, particularly in cognitively vulnerable populations, underscoring the need to refine interventions for high-risk patients.

Corresponding Author: Susana Vacas, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, 444GRB, Boston, MA 02114 (svacas@mgh.harvard.edu).

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