Original Investigation

Structural Disadvantage in Adolescence and Biological Aging in Early Midlife

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.11913

May 11, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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Is adolescent exposure to structural disadvantage associated with epigenetic aging and inflammation-related DNA methylation (DNAm) among Black and White adults in early midlife?In this cohort study of 3788 Add Health respondents, greater exposure to structural disadvantage in adolescence was associated with accelerated epigenetic aging and greater C-reactive protein (CRP)–related DNAm. These associations were slightly negative for Black respondents, yet positive for White respondents.These findings suggest that early-life contexts are important factors for accelerated epigenetic aging and CRP-related DNAm, and they elucidate when and how disparities in aging-related diseases may emerge.

Corresponding Author: Taylor W. Hargrove, PhD, Department of Sociology, Southern Population Aging Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 3119 Parren J. Mitchell Art-Sociology Bldg, 3834 Campus Dr, College Park, MD 20742 (hargrovt@umd.edu).

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