Original Investigation

Hepatitis C Virus Testing in Perinatally Exposed Children

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0743

April 17, 2026 at 11:00 AM EDT

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What factors are associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing for infants perinatally exposed, and what proportion of infants with perinatal HCV infection are linked to care and treated?In this cohort study including 4548 children born to 3693 birthing parents with probable or confirmed HCV, only 42% of perinatally-exposed infants were tested; testing declined over the course of the study period. Infants of birthing parents with public insurance, known HCV risk factors, or an HCV diagnosis claim during delivery hospitalization had higher testing odds.These results suggest that communication between perinatal and pediatric clinicians and routine assessment for HCV exposure in all children will be critical to successfully implement perinatal HCV testing guidance and improve pediatric HCV care.

Corresponding Author: Rachel L. Epstein, MD, MScE, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Crosstown Center 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118 (Rachel.epstein@bmc.org).

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