Original Investigation

A Multicomponent Strategy to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates in Primary Care

JAMA Network Open 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0049

February 26, 2026 at 11:00 AM EST

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Does a multicomponent strategy combining practice facilitation with clinician behavior change interventions increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates by 13 years of age in primary care settings?In this cluster randomized clinical trial of 20 practices with 86 clinicians, between-group differences in HPV vaccination rates were not significant at individual time points. However, a significant pattern of increasing intervention effects over time was observed for initiation.These findings suggest that interventions designed to build sustainable practice systems may require extended evaluation periods to demonstrate their effect.

Corresponding Author: Ruoyun Wang, MS, MHA, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 (ruoyunwang@wustl.edu).

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